{ "model": { "rank": 2070, "code": "thing-q42385", "model_id": "vr.tr.cacao", "name": "cacao", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a living cacao plant, assess its development and condition, and judge which care, propagation or harvest actions are appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q42385/", "tier": 2, "score": 116, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Trinitario" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 116, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.cacao", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q42385", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42385", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:39:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04530658, "turns": 2, "seconds": 139.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b3a-24c7-7f21-9b25-3827ef68a9b3\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: cacao\nRegistry id: vr.tr.cacao\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42385", "registryId": "vr.tr.cacao", "name": "cacao", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42385/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cacao", "name": "cacao", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a living cacao plant, assess its development and condition, and judge which care, propagation or harvest actions are appropriate.", "definition": "Theobroma cacao L. is a cauliflorous evergreen tree of the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to humid equatorial South American forests and cultivated across the wet tropics for its seeds, which after fermentation and drying are the cocoa beans of commerce.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, living structures, development, growing conditions, health and intervention readiness of a cacao plant, provisionally interpreted as Theobroma cacao; attached flowers, pods and seeds remain parts of that plant until separated.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of cacao and the evidence supporting species, cultivar or accession assignments", "Roots, trunk, branching framework, foliage and attached reproductive structures", "Vegetative growth, flowering, pod development and reproductive performance", "Plant-level exposure to water, light, temperature and root-zone conditions", "Symptoms, damage, recovery and readiness for care, propagation or pod removal" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detached cacao pods and harvested seed lots as independently managed biological materials", "Fermentation, drying, roasting, cocoa manufacture and chocolate products", "Plantation operations, workforce planning, certification and commodity trading", "Soil bodies, irrigation systems and agroforestry ecosystems as independent things", "Pathogen, pest and pollinator organisms as independent biological models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Distinguish a living plant from cocoa or cacao food products by establishing the presence of connected living roots, stems or viable propagative tissue.", "On a reproductive specimen, inspect flowers and pods borne on the trunk or older woody branches; this supports cacao identification but does not establish the species alone.", "When a pod can be examined, record its rind and the seeds embedded in pulp, then compare the complete specimen with a botanical identification reference.", "Distinguish Theobroma cacao from cupuaçu and other related plants using a botanical key with leaf, flower and fruit characters; a common name or pod colour alone is insufficient.", "For seedlings or sterile specimens, treat identification as provisional unless diagnostic evidence or traceable propagation records support it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Botanical identity confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved | provisional Theobroma cacao | supported Theobroma cacao | conflicting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents care and propagation decisions from relying solely on the common name cacao." }, { "name": "Propagation and accession origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to seed parent, seed lot, cutting donor, scion donor, rootstock and accession records where known", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity checks and interpretation of growth and reproductive differences." }, { "name": "Developmental condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seedling | juvenile | reproductively active | declining; record concurrent vegetative and reproductive activity", "why_it_matters": "Separates age-related expectations from evidence of stress or failed reproduction." }, { "name": "Branch architecture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed upright shoots, lateral branches, jorquette formation, basal shoots and graft position", "why_it_matters": "Informs pruning, structural assessment and selection of propagation material." }, { "name": "Canopy light exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Photosynthetic photon flux density in µmol/m²/s, with measurement position, time and shade context", "why_it_matters": "Makes light exposure assessable alongside leaf condition, water availability and growth stage." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture and drainage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Volumetric water content in m³/m³ where measured, sampling depth, and observed duration of saturation", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish water shortage from poor drainage before changing irrigation." }, { "name": "Flower and pod cohort", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Counts of flowers, newly set pods, developing pods, aborted pods and apparently mature pods per dated observation", "why_it_matters": "Separates flowering, successful set and pod survival." }, { "name": "Pod maturity evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | developing | possibly mature | maturity supported; include accession-specific observations", "why_it_matters": "Supports harvest decisions without assuming a universal ripe-pod colour." }, { "name": "Health evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "No symptoms observed | symptoms present | suspected cause | confirmed diagnosis, with affected tissue and extent", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible damage from an established cause and supports proportionate intervention." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and tag a cacao plant while retaining uncertainty about species or accession.", "Monitor leaf flushes, flowering, pod set and pod survival through repeated observations.", "Adjust shade or watering when plant condition and local growing evidence support the change.", "Select and prune shoots or branches with attention to cacao architecture and flower-bearing wood.", "Assess suitability for seed, cutting or graft propagation using documented plant origin and condition.", "Inspect and remove mature or affected pods when maturity, diagnosis and handling guidance support the action." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wiki-t-cacao", "title": "Theobroma cacao", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao", "what_it_supports": "Species circumscription, morphology, Motamayor 2008 genetic groups, cultivation, FAO 2023 production, pests and diseases, genome size, domestication, cacao/cocoa nomenclature, confusion with coca.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wiki-types", "title": "Types of cocoa beans", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_cocoa_beans", "what_it_supports": "Traditional Criollo/Forastero/Trinitario marketing classes versus Motamayor genetic clusters; bulk versus flavour cocoa; Nacional and CCN-51 as distinct trade kinds.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iso-2451", "title": "ISO 2451:2017 Cocoa beans - Specification and quality requirements", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/68202.html", "what_it_supports": "International specification, grading, sampling, packaging and marking of cocoa beans (ISO/TC 34/SC 18).", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "codex-cxs-105", "title": "Standard for Cocoa Powders (Cocoas) and Dry Mixtures of Cocoa and Sugars (CXS 105-1981)", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/zh?lnk=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fworkspace.fao.org%2Fsites%2Fcodex%2FStandards%2FCXS+105-1981%2FCXS_105e.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Codex composition limits for cocoa powder (moisture, cocoa-butter classes) issued by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "codex-cxc-81", "title": "Code of Practice for the Prevention and Reduction of Cadmium Contamination in Cocoa Beans (CXC 81-2022)", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXC%2B81-2022%252FCXC_081e.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Cadmium uptake by T. cacao and recommended production/post-harvest controls (FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius).", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "jcrf-cd", "title": "Heavy Metals :: Cocoa Beans", "url": "https://www.cocoaquality.eu/aspects-of-cocoa-bean-quality/food-safety/heavy-metals", "what_it_supports": "EU cadmium maximum levels in chocolate and cocoa powder under Regulation (EU) 2023/915; Codex cadmium MLs in chocolate.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "prosea-wur", "title": "Theobroma cacao L. (PROSEA / Plant Resources of South-East Asia)", "url": "https://edepot.wur.nl/411317", "what_it_supports": "Cultivated tree stature, pod and bean counts, 1000-seed weight, Criollo/Amelonado/Trinitario descriptors, and the Cuatrecasas subspecies split.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wiki-kakaobaum", "title": "Kakaobaum", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakaobaum", "what_it_supports": "FAO 2023 harvest, yield and area figures; Cheesman morphological Criollo/Forastero split and Cuatrecasas subspecies.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cacao-identity-and-origin", "name": "Cacao identity and origin", "description": "Establish what living plant is being represented and how its identity was obtained.", "rationale": "The common name can refer to a plant or commodity, while planting material may carry uncertain species or accession labels.", "layers": [ { "id": "botanical-recognition", "name": "Botanical recognition", "description": "Assess cacao identification from the available specimen and supporting records.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-identification-evidence", "name": "Species identification evidence", "description": "Record observed diagnostic characters, identification references and the limits imposed by a sterile or juvenile specimen.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed leaf, flower and pod characters support identification as Theobroma cacao rather than another Theobroma species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "species-identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Who or what reference supplied the identification, and was the actual plant examined?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "planting-material-lineage", "name": "Planting material lineage", "description": "Represent the origin of the plant without treating nursery labels as verified genetic identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "accession-and-propagation-history", "name": "Accession and propagation history", "description": "Record seed, cutting or graft origin and distinguish scion identity from rootstock identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this plant raised from seed, rooted material or a graft, and which source records survive?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accession-and-propagation-history-q01" }, { "text": "Does the accession or cultivar label describe the whole plant, only the scion, or an unverified supplier claim?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accession-and-propagation-history-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cacao-architecture-and-growth", "name": "Cacao architecture and growth", "description": "Represent the plant's branching framework and current vegetative development.", "rationale": "Interventions depend on distinguishing upright growth, lateral framework and flower-bearing woody surfaces.", "layers": [ { "id": "branching-framework", "name": "Branching framework", "description": "Describe the structural roles and condition of cacao stems and branches.", "findings": [ { "id": "jorquette-and-shoot-roles", "name": "Jorquette and shoot roles", "description": "Record observed branch junctions, upright shoots, lateral growth and their relationships to any graft.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has a jorquette formed, and which shoots belong to the retained canopy framework?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "jorquette-and-shoot-roles-q01" }, { "text": "Which proposed pruning cuts would remove unwanted shoots, structural branches or existing flower-bearing surfaces?", "kind": "action", "id": "jorquette-and-shoot-roles-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vegetative-development", "name": "Vegetative development", "description": "Track leaf flushes and canopy change in the context of plant stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "flush-and-canopy-condition", "name": "Flush and canopy condition", "description": "Distinguish developing foliage from persistent discolouration, damage or canopy loss.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves belong to the current flush, and how have their colour, expansion and firmness changed over time?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "flush-and-canopy-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the observed foliage condition fit documented development for this plant, or require investigation as stress or damage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "flush-and-canopy-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cacao-growing-conditions", "name": "Cacao growing conditions", "description": "Connect the plant's condition to its measured canopy and root-zone environment.", "rationale": "Shade and water decisions require evidence about the individual plant's exposure and development.", "layers": [ { "id": "canopy-microclimate", "name": "Canopy microclimate", "description": "Record light, heat and atmospheric exposure at the cacao canopy.", "findings": [ { "id": "shade-and-exposure-fit", "name": "Shade and exposure fit", "description": "Assess whether current exposure plausibly contributes to observed growth or injury.", "questions": [ { "text": "What light, temperature and humidity conditions reach the cacao canopy, and when were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "shade-and-exposure-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What plant-stage and site-specific evidence supports increasing, reducing or retaining shade?", "kind": "action", "id": "shade-and-exposure-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-zone-support", "name": "Root-zone support", "description": "Assess water supply, aeration and nutritional evidence around the living roots.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-and-nutrient-constraints", "name": "Water and nutrient constraints", "description": "Record root-zone observations and relevant analyses before assigning a cause to poor growth.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements distinguish a drying root zone from prolonged saturation around this cacao plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "water-and-nutrient-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What soil, substrate or leaf-analysis evidence supports a watering or nutrient intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "water-and-nutrient-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cacao-reproduction-and-pods", "name": "Cacao reproduction and pods", "description": "Track flowering, pod establishment, development and readiness for separation.", "rationale": "Flower production, pod set, pod survival and harvest maturity are distinct states requiring different decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "flowering-and-pod-set", "name": "Flowering and pod set", "description": "Relate flower-bearing sites to observed reproductive outcomes.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-progression", "name": "Reproductive progression", "description": "Record flowering and early pod outcomes without assuming that poor set proves a pollination problem.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which trunk or branch sites are flowering, and how many tracked flowers progress to retained young pods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-progression-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence is available about pollen compatibility and pollination before attributing low pod set to either?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-progression-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pod-development-and-separation", "name": "Pod development and separation", "description": "Assess attached pods and define their transition into harvested material.", "findings": [ { "id": "pod-fate-and-harvest-readiness", "name": "Pod fate and harvest readiness", "description": "Distinguish continued development, abortion, damage and supported maturity for each tracked pod or cohort.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated development observations and accession-specific maturity indicators support removing this pod?", "kind": "action", "id": "pod-fate-and-harvest-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "When the pod is detached, which identity and plant-origin links must transfer to the harvested-material record?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "pod-fate-and-harvest-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cacao-health-and-intervention", "name": "Cacao health and intervention", "description": "Assess damage and decide whether a proposed intervention has sufficient evidence.", "rationale": "Similar visible symptoms can have different causes, and interventions can affect both plant health and future flowering.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-diagnosis", "name": "Symptoms and diagnosis", "description": "Locate symptoms on cacao tissues and distinguish observations from causal claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "affected-tissues-and-causal-confidence", "name": "Affected tissues and causal confidence", "description": "Record pod lesions, stem injury, leaf symptoms or root decline with extent, timing and diagnostic support.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pods, flower cushions, branches, leaves or roots are affected, and is the affected area increasing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "affected-tissues-and-causal-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "What examination or diagnostic result distinguishes a suspected pest or disease from physical injury or environmental stress?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "affected-tissues-and-causal-confidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-recovery", "name": "Intervention and recovery", "description": "Connect cacao care actions to their justification and observable outcomes.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-decision-and-follow-up", "name": "Care decision and follow-up", "description": "Record why an intervention is appropriate, which tissues it affects and how its outcome will be assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports pruning, affected-pod removal or another intervention, and how will flower cushions and retained branches be protected?", "kind": "action", "id": "care-decision-and-follow-up-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in symptoms, new growth or pod retention will be checked, and after what locally justified interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "care-decision-and-follow-up-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Criollo (pale-cotyledon, disease-susceptible fine-flavour type; Cheesman 1944)", "Forastero (Amazonian/bulk type, including most West African production)", "Trinitario (Criollo × Forastero hybrid complex, historically from Trinidad)", "Nacional / Arriba (Ecuadorian floral fine-flavour type)", "Amelonado (dominant Forastero subtype of West African bulk cocoa)", "CCN-51 (high-yielding clone, widely planted in Latin America)", "Fine or flavour cocoa (ICCO trade grade)", "Bulk / ordinary cocoa (ICCO trade grade; ~95% of 2017 production)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Linnaean binomial", "value_or_pattern": "Theobroma cacao L. (Sp. Pl.: 782, 1753)", "note": "Accepted species name; type species of Theobroma." }, { "scheme": "World Flora Online", "value_or_pattern": "wfo-0000458440", "note": "Taxon identifier cited on the species page." }, { "scheme": "IUCN Red List", "value_or_pattern": "T100104346A100104385", "note": "Assessed Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 2451:2017 Cocoa beans - Specification and quality requirements (ISO/TC 34/SC 18, Cocoa).", "Codex Alimentarius CXS 105-1981 Standard for cocoa powders (cocoas) and dry mixtures of cocoa and sugars (FAO/WHO).", "Codex Alimentarius CXC 81-2022 Code of practice for the prevention and reduction of cadmium contamination in cocoa beans (FAO/WHO).", "Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 maximum levels for cadmium in chocolate and cocoa powder (European Commission; succeeded 488/2014).", "Codex maximum levels for cadmium in chocolate (0.3 mg/kg at ≤30% total dry cocoa solids; 0.7 mg/kg at 30-50%).", "ICCO Fine or Flavour versus bulk cocoa classification (International Cocoa Organization).", "Appellation Cacao de Chuao (Venezuela, November 2000)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Grown as a humid-tropics cash crop, mostly by smallholders; 2023 world harvest about 5.6 million tonnes of beans from roughly 11.7 million hectares, led by Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana and Indonesia.", "Ripe pods are opened; seeds are fermented in the surrounding pulp, dried, then roasted and ground into cocoa mass, from which cocoa butter and cocoa powder are separated for chocolate, confectionery and cosmetics.", "Fresh pulp is eaten, juiced, or fermented; in Mesoamerica cacao remains a ritual and culinary drink (e.g. tejate) and was historically a tribute/currency good.", "Breeding and genebank work (field collections; International Cocoa Quarantine Centre) because seeds are recalcitrant and cannot be stored dry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Cultivated tree height", "typical_range": "4-6 (wild/unpruned often 6-12, rarely to 20)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Ripe pod length", "typical_range": "15-30", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Ripe pod mass", "typical_range": "about 500", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Seeds per pod", "typical_range": "20-60 (Criollo often 20-40)", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Seed fat (cocoa butter)", "typical_range": "40-50", "unit": "% of seed" }, { "quantity": "Average bean yield", "typical_range": "about 480", "unit": "kg/ha" }, { "quantity": "1000-seed weight (at ~30% moisture)", "typical_range": "about 2", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Diploid genome size", "typical_range": "about 346-430", "unit": "Mbp (2n = 20)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Black pod (Phytophthora spp., especially P. megakarya in West Africa) rotting fruit on the tree.", "Witches' broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) and frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri) collapsing Latin American orchards.", "Cacao swollen shoot virus in West Africa; cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) in Southeast Asia; mirids/capsids worldwide.", "Cadmium bioaccumulation from soil into beans, triggering EU and Codex limits and market rejection of high-Cd lots.", "Underfermentation (violet/purple beans), flat beans, infestation and foreign matter - ISO 2451 grade defects.", "Climate-envelope contraction in the narrow equatorial belt; recalcitrant seed makes ex situ conservation dependent on living field collections.", "Theobromine in seeds is toxic to dogs and some other non-human animals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English commodity usage prefers cocoa for the dried bean and products; Spanish and much craft-chocolate English keep cacao for the tree, pod and unroasted seed - a linguistic split, not a botanical one.", "West Africa (about two-thirds of 2023 output) is almost entirely bulk Amelonado/Forastero; Latin America and parts of the Caribbean and Southeast Asia supply most ICCO fine-or-flavour cocoa.", "Ecuador markets floral Nacional/Arriba alongside high-yielding CCN-51; Venezuela names Criollo landraces (Chuao, Porcelana, Ocumare).", "Cheesman (1944) Criollo/Forastero morphology and Cuatrecasas subspecies cacao versus sphaerocarpum remain in older botanical and farm talk; Motamayor et al. (2008) treat Forastero as a geohistorical residual and split the species into ten Amazon-centred genetic clusters." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Coca (Erythroxylum coca)", "difference": "Different family (Erythroxylaceae); coca is a shrub grown for cocaine-bearing leaves, cacao a Malvaceae tree with cauliflorous pods and theobromine-bearing seeds." }, { "name": "Cocoa (English commodity name / processed products)", "difference": "Same species; no botanical test. Trade and craft usage may reserve cacao for the living tree and unroasted seed and cocoa for fermented-dried beans and factory products, but professionals often treat the words as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum)", "difference": "Sister Theobroma species ('white cacao'); larger fruit grown mainly for pulp, not the chocolate-industry cocoa bean." }, { "name": "Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)", "difference": "A Fabaceae pod used as a chocolate substitute; lacks theobromine and is not a Theobroma seed." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cacao this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.cacao specifically denote the living species Theobroma cacao, or is a broader plant-and-material meaning intended?", "Which botanical references and diagnostic characters should govern identification of juvenile or non-flowering cacao against related species?", "Which accession-specific compatibility and pod-maturity information is sufficiently documented to support reproductive and harvest decisions?", "Which locally validated light, water and nutrient assessment methods should guide interventions at different cacao growth stages?", "Which regional diagnostic references distinguish cacao pod abortion, infectious disease and environmental injury, and when is laboratory confirmation necessary?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cacao, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a living cacao plant, assess its development and condition, and judge which care, propagation or harvest actions are appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Trinitario.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cacao, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Trinitario" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cacao from another, and a cacao from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cacao sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cacao from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a cacao is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a cacao and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a cacao is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a cacao is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a cacao is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a cacao moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cacao passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cacao between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cacao, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cacao is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What cacao is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of cacao, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate cacao from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish cacao from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What cacao does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does cacao pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of cacao judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where cacao lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of cacao, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does cacao hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cacao came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cacao and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cacao is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cacao, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cacao, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cacao is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }