{ "model": { "rank": 2096, "code": "thing-q42586", "model_id": "vr.tr.elbow", "name": "elbow", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a biological elbow, record its structure and functional state, and identify which movements, observations or interventions require further evidence or authority.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q42586/", "tier": 2, "score": 115, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "humeroulnar joint", "right elbow", "left elbow", "right humeroulnar joint", "left humeroulnar joint" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 115, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.elbow-animal", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q42586", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:48:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.05600332, "turns": 3, "seconds": 185.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b41-dcde-7240-b1be-b44ef9e0ed3d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: elbow\nRegistry id: vr.tr.elbow\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42586", "registryId": "vr.tr.elbow", "name": "elbow", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42586/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.elbow", "name": "elbow", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a biological elbow, record its structure and functional state, and identify which movements, observations or interventions require further evidence or authority.", "definition": "The elbow is the free-upper-limb region between arm and forearm that houses the compound synovial joint of distal humerus, proximal radius and proximal ulna, whose shared capsule encloses a humeroulnar hinge, a humeroradial articulation, and a proximal radioulnar pivot.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the elbow as a local biological joint complex and surrounding functional region connecting the upper arm and forearm, with human anatomy as the provisional reference and organism-specific boundaries recorded explicitly.", "in_scope": [ "Elbow identity, organism, side and anatomical boundaries", "Local articulations, stabilising tissues and their documented condition", "Elbow bending, straightening and contribution to forearm rotation", "Local symptoms, visible changes and task-dependent functional limitations", "Elbow-specific restrictions, supports, interventions and reassessment" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-person health, diagnoses and treatment plans", "Complete upper-limb anatomy and coordinated limb performance", "Shoulder, wrist and hand structure and function", "Systemic diseases that may affect the elbow", "Standalone models of implants, braces and prosthetic devices", "Pipe elbows and other non-biological angled connectors" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is an anatomical region or joint complex at the upper-arm-forearm junction, rather than a manufactured bend.", "In the human reference case, its anatomical identification involves the distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna; a shoulder or wrist has different participating bones.", "The referent encompasses the elbow articulation or region rather than only the olecranon, the palpable bony prominence commonly called the point of the elbow.", "An elbow assessment distinguishes bending and straightening from forearm rotation; observed rotation alone does not identify elbow motion.", "A suspected non-human elbow requires organism-specific anatomical correspondence rather than identification from a visible limb bend alone." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Organism and anatomical reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organism identity, species and applicable anatomical reference", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the provisional human anatomical interpretation applies." }, { "name": "Laterality", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Left | right | indeterminate | organism-specific designation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents observations and restrictions from being assigned to the wrong elbow." }, { "name": "Referent extent", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Joint complex | surrounding elbow region | explicitly bounded subregion", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an articulation assessment from observations about nearby skin, soft tissue or a bony landmark." }, { "name": "Anatomical configuration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented native, developmentally variant, surgically altered or unresolved configuration", "why_it_matters": "Changes how landmarks, motion and structural observations should be interpreted." }, { "name": "Flexion and extension range", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Degrees, with angle convention, active or passive method, position, timestamp and limiting factor", "why_it_matters": "Describes bending and straightening capacity without assuming that all measurement methods are comparable." }, { "name": "Forearm rotation range", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Pronation and supination in degrees, with elbow position and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Records rotation relevant to the elbow while retaining its dependence on the wider forearm." }, { "name": "Local symptom pattern", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Location, symptom description, onset, timing, provoking activity and reported severity scale", "why_it_matters": "Separates a symptom report from an inferred structural cause." }, { "name": "Mechanical stability evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not assessed | reported giving way | assessed finding, with method and assessor", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a subjective experience from a professionally assessed mechanical finding." }, { "name": "Task and load response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named task, load in N or kg where applicable, duration or repetitions, and observed response", "why_it_matters": "Connects elbow state to actual use without treating one successful task as unrestricted capacity." }, { "name": "Current elbow restrictions", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Movement or loading restriction linked to its issuer, reason, effective period and review condition", "why_it_matters": "Provides an explicit basis for deciding which proposed actions are permitted." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and localise an elbow observation to the correct organism, side and anatomical region.", "Record or compare bending, straightening and forearm rotation under documented assessment conditions.", "Relate symptoms and movement limitations to named tasks and loading conditions.", "Track elbow state before and after a documented intervention or change in use.", "Check proposed movement, loading or support use against recorded restrictions and assessment requirements.", "Identify missing evidence that prevents a reliable interpretation or action decision." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-elbow", "title": "Elbow - Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow", "what_it_supports": "Region-versus-joint distinction; three enclosed articulations; landmarks (olecranon, cubital fossa, epicondyles); carrying angle; ROM; primate naming claim; pathology overview; cubit/ell; TA98/FMA/MeSH identifiers on the page.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q42586", "title": "elbow (Q42586) - Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586", "what_it_supports": "Canonical item for the elbow as a body region; explicit 'different from' elbow joint; FMA 24901, TA98 A01.1.00.023, TA2 145, MeSH D004550.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q11611456", "title": "elbow joint (Q11611456) - Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11611456", "what_it_supports": "Canonical item for the joint; FMA 35289, TA98 A03.5.09.001, TA2 1772, MeSH D004551, ICD-11 MMS XA69H4, UBERON 0001490, NCI C32497.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "statpearls-nbk532948", "title": "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Elbow Joint - StatPearls Publishing / NCBI Bookshelf", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532948/", "what_it_supports": "Three-component mechanics; MCL/LCL and annular ligament; cubital tunnel and ulnar nerve; athletic injury pattern; nursemaid's elbow, olecranon bursitis, dislocation, UCL reconstruction, distal biceps rupture, osteochondritis dissecans.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "orthofixar-carrying-angle", "title": "Carrying Angle Of Elbow: Measurement Protocol - Orthofixar", "url": "https://orthofixar.com/special-test/carrying-angle-of-elbow/", "what_it_supports": "Clinical carrying-angle ranges and cubitus valgus/varus cutoffs; note that published normals vary with method.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "elbow-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Elbow identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which elbow is represented and what anatomical extent the record covers.", "rationale": "The word elbow can denote a joint complex, a broader region or a prominent landmark, and those meanings support different observations.", "layers": [ { "id": "organism-and-side", "name": "Organism and side", "description": "Anchors the elbow to its biological bearer and anatomical reference.", "findings": [ { "id": "identified-elbow", "name": "Identified elbow", "description": "Records the organism, side and evidence used to identify this elbow.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organism and side does this elbow belong to?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identified-elbow-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or anatomical reference supports identifying this structure as an elbow?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-elbow-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-extent", "name": "Regional extent", "description": "Separates the joint complex from surrounding tissues and neighbouring limb regions.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-elbow-boundary", "name": "Declared elbow boundary", "description": "Makes the anatomical extent of each assessment explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record concern the joint complex, the surrounding elbow region or a named subregion such as the olecranon area?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-elbow-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations belong instead to the upper arm, forearm, wrist or a separately modelled tissue?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-elbow-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "articulation-and-stabilising-structures", "name": "Articulation and stabilising structures", "description": "Records elbow configuration and evidence about the structures that permit and constrain movement.", "rationale": "Motion and loading cannot be interpreted reliably without knowing whether elbow anatomy is native, altered or incompletely characterised.", "layers": [ { "id": "articular-configuration", "name": "Articular configuration", "description": "Describes participating articulations and documented alterations.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-joint-configuration", "name": "Documented joint configuration", "description": "Records the configuration of elbow articulations without inferring internal anatomy from external appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is documented about the humeroulnar, humeroradial and proximal radioulnar articulations, or their organism-specific counterparts?", "kind": "definition", "id": "documented-joint-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Which examination, imaging report or operative record establishes any developmental, injury-related or surgical alteration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-joint-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stabilising-tissues", "name": "Stabilising tissues", "description": "Captures evidence about local stabilisers and mechanical behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "stability-and-tissue-evidence", "name": "Stability and tissue evidence", "description": "Keeps documented ligament, capsule and tendon findings distinct from reported giving way.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which elbow ligament, capsule or tendon findings are documented, and by what assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stability-and-tissue-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Is instability merely reported, formally assessed or unresolved, and under which elbow position and loading conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stability-and-tissue-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "elbow-motion-and-task-use", "name": "Elbow motion and task use", "description": "Describes movement capacity and its contribution to practical upper-limb tasks.", "rationale": "Elbow function depends on both measurable movement and the conditions under which that movement is used.", "layers": [ { "id": "movement-envelope", "name": "Movement envelope", "description": "Records bending, straightening and forearm rotation with reproducible context.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-motion", "name": "Measured motion", "description": "Preserves movement measurements and the conditions that determine their meaning.", "questions": [ { "text": "What flexion and extension angles are recorded, using which zero convention, active or passive method and limiting factor?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-motion-q01" }, { "text": "What pronation and supination are recorded, with which elbow position and control of compensating shoulder movement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-motion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "task-dependent-capacity", "name": "Task-dependent capacity", "description": "Connects elbow movement and loading to specific activities.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-task-response", "name": "Observed task response", "description": "Records performance and symptoms during a named task without assigning all upper-limb limitations to the elbow.", "questions": [ { "text": "During a task such as bringing the hand to the mouth, pushing or carrying, what elbow position, load, duration and response were observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-task-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes an elbow limitation from a shoulder, wrist, hand or whole-person limitation in that task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-task-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-state-and-change", "name": "Local state and change", "description": "Captures symptoms, observable regional changes and their course over time.", "rationale": "A useful elbow model must represent changing state while avoiding unsupported conclusions about the cause of symptoms.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptoms-and-local-signs", "name": "Symptoms and local signs", "description": "Localises reported and observed changes around the elbow.", "findings": [ { "id": "localised-state-observation", "name": "Localised state observation", "description": "Distinguishes subjective symptoms from observed findings and preserves anatomical location.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where around the elbow are pain, swelling, skin changes, catching or other changes reported or observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "localised-state-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Who reported or observed each change, when, and under what resting or movement conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "localised-state-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "temporal-course", "name": "Temporal course", "description": "Tracks onset and change in relation to events and comparable assessments.", "findings": [ { "id": "elbow-state-trajectory", "name": "Elbow state trajectory", "description": "Records whether elbow observations are changing and how confidently assessments can be compared.", "questions": [ { "text": "When did the elbow change begin, and what injury, activity change or intervention was reported around that time?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "elbow-state-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "How have symptoms, movement and task response changed across assessments with comparable methods and conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "elbow-state-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "elbow-action-constraints", "name": "Elbow action constraints", "description": "Connects proposed elbow use or intervention to documented restrictions and the evidence needed to proceed.", "rationale": "Observed movement capacity alone does not establish permission for loading, examination manoeuvres or intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "movement-and-loading-permissions", "name": "Movement and loading permissions", "description": "Records applicable limits on elbow motion and use.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-use-restrictions", "name": "Applicable use restrictions", "description": "Links elbow-specific restrictions to an accountable source and review condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which elbow movements, loads or tasks are permitted, restricted or awaiting assessment, and who established those conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-use-restrictions-q01" }, { "text": "When do those restrictions expire or require review, and what evidence is required to change them?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-use-restrictions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "supports-and-reassessment", "name": "Supports and reassessment", "description": "Relates elbow supports and interventions to intended effects and follow-up.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-context-and-follow-up", "name": "Intervention context and follow-up", "description": "Records the elbow-facing purpose of a brace, support or intervention while linking detailed device or treatment records elsewhere.", "questions": [ { "text": "What elbow support or intervention is in use, for what documented purpose, and under whose instructions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intervention-context-and-follow-up-q01" }, { "text": "Which elbow observations and review conditions must be checked before continuing or changing its use?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-context-and-follow-up-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Humeroulnar (ulnohumeral) joint", "Humeroradial (radiohumeral) joint", "Proximal radioulnar joint", "Cubital fossa (anterior elbow pit)", "Posterior olecranon region", "Pediatric elbow (unfused CRITOE ossification centres)", "Cubitus valgus", "Cubitus varus (gunstock deformity)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q42586", "note": "Elbow as a body region, not the joint." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q11611456", "note": "Elbow joint (articulatio cubiti)." }, { "scheme": "FMA", "value_or_pattern": "24901", "note": "Elbow region." }, { "scheme": "FMA", "value_or_pattern": "35289", "note": "Elbow joint." }, { "scheme": "TA98", "value_or_pattern": "A01.1.00.023", "note": "Cubital region." }, { "scheme": "TA98", "value_or_pattern": "A03.5.09.001", "note": "Articulatio cubiti; Latin term articulatio cubiti." }, { "scheme": "TA2", "value_or_pattern": "145", "note": "Elbow region." }, { "scheme": "TA2", "value_or_pattern": "1772", "note": "Elbow joint." }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D004550", "note": "Elbow (region)." }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D004551", "note": "Elbow Joint." }, { "scheme": "ICD-11 MMS", "value_or_pattern": "XA69H4", "note": "Elbow joint, WHO anatomy code." }, { "scheme": "ICD-11 Foundation", "value_or_pattern": "1364152594", "note": "Elbow joint." }, { "scheme": "UBERON", "value_or_pattern": "UBERON:0001490", "note": "Elbow joint." }, { "scheme": "NCI Thesaurus", "value_or_pattern": "C32497", "note": "Elbow joint." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Terminologia Anatomica 1998 (TA98 A01.1.00.023 region; A03.5.09.001 articulatio cubiti) - Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology / IFAA", "Terminologia Anatomica 2 (TA2 145 region; TA2 1772 joint) - FIPAT / IFAA", "Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA 24901 region; FMA 35289 joint) - University of Washington Structural Informatics Group", "ICD-11 MMS XA69H4 Elbow joint - World Health Organization", "MeSH D004550 Elbow / D004551 Elbow Joint - U.S. National Library of Medicine" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Shortens and lengthens the upper limb so the hand can reach the mouth, head and workspace.", "Median cubital vein in the cubital fossa is the usual venipuncture site.", "Brachial artery in the antecubital fossa is used for pulse and blood-pressure auscultation.", "Overhead throwing loads the ulnar collateral ligament; reconstruction is the baseball 'Tommy John' operation.", "Repeated wrist extension/grip loads the common extensor origin (lateral epicondylitis / tennis elbow).", "The carrying angle lets a load hang at the side without abducting the shoulder.", "The cubit and the Germanic ell were length units taken from the elbow to the fingertips.", "A blow to the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel produces the 'funny bone' paraesthesia." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Flexion-extension arc", "typical_range": "0 to 140-150 (functional arc for most daily tasks about 30-130)", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Forearm pronation", "typical_range": "about 70-80", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Forearm supination", "typical_range": "about 80-90", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Carrying angle (full extension, forearm supinated)", "typical_range": "about 5-16 valgus; clinical texts often cite ~11 in men and ~13-16 in women, with large individual overlap", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Active versus passive flexion limit", "typical_range": "active about 145; passive about 160", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Capsular volume (greatest near mid-flexion)", "typical_range": "about 25-30 at roughly 80° of flexion", "unit": "millilitre" }, { "quantity": "Acute dislocation incidence", "typical_range": "about 6 per 100000 persons per year", "unit": "cases per 100000 person-years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Posterior dislocation - second most common large-joint dislocation after the shoulder.", "Fracture of distal humerus, radial head or olecranon; a displaced fat pad on radiograph can mark an occult fracture.", "Radial head subluxation (nursemaid's elbow) in children about 6 months to 5 years after a longitudinal pull on the extended arm.", "Ulnar collateral ligament rupture from repetitive valgus overload in throwers.", "Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow).", "Olecranon bursitis from pressure or trauma (student's elbow); may become septic.", "Cubital tunnel ulnar neuropathy.", "Distal biceps tendon rupture from sudden extension of a flexed elbow.", "Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in young athletes.", "Forced hyperextension: olecranon fracture, capsular tear, or injury to the brachial artery.", "Post-traumatic stiffness, often treated as loss of extension beyond 30° or flexion below 120°.", "Congenital radioulnar synostosis blocking pronation and supination.", "Iatrogenic injury to posterior interosseous, ulnar or medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves in surgical approaches." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English elbow versus learned Latin cubitus, which still supplies cubital fossa, cubital tunnel and cubital nodes.", "French coude, Spanish codo, German Ellbogen (the double-l preserves the old ell measure).", "United States clinical English often says antecubital fossa for the pit anatomists call cubital fossa.", "MeSH and some anatomical usage reserve 'elbow' for humans and other primates and speak of a 'forelimb joint' in other vertebrates; veterinary practice nonetheless names canine and equine elbow (and elbow dysplasia).", "Carrying angle is often taught as larger in women, but controlled series do not always find a sex difference; the dominant limb is frequently more valgus." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Elbow joint", "difference": "The synovial articulation rather than the whole region; separate Wikidata items (Q42586 versus Q11611456) and codes (FMA 24901 / TA98 A01.1.00.023 for the region, FMA 35289 / TA98 A03.5.09.001 for the joint)." }, { "name": "Cubital fossa", "difference": "Only the anterior triangular depression, bounded by brachioradialis and pronator teres and containing the median cubital vein, not the entire elbow." }, { "name": "Olecranon", "difference": "The proximal ulnar process that forms the point of the elbow; the palpable posterior bony tip, one vertex of the Hueter triangle in flexion." }, { "name": "Distal radioulnar joint", "difference": "The wrist-level partner of forearm rotation; shares pronation/supination with the proximal radioulnar joint but not the elbow capsule." }, { "name": "Knee", "difference": "Hindlimb hinge analogue; weight-bearing, femur-tibia-patella, no radioulnar rotation." }, { "name": "Shoulder", "difference": "Next proximal joint (glenohumeral ball-and-socket); more often dislocated; no olecranon." }, { "name": "Pipe elbow", "difference": "A manufactured bent pipe fitting with a stated angle (commonly 45° or 90°), not living tissue." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of elbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.elbow cover human elbows only, or homologous structures across other organisms?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own the elbow concept, requiring a registry link rather than a separate publication?", "Which anatomical boundary should be canonical for the elbow region, particularly for adjacent tendons, bursae, nerves and vessels?", "Which measurement conventions and reference populations should support interpretation of elbow motion and task capacity?", "Which authoritative assessment and care sources should define action constraints and reassessment criteria for different elbow states?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a elbow, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a biological elbow, record its structure and functional state, and identify which movements, observations or interventions require further evidence or authority.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: humeroulnar joint, right elbow, left elbow, right humeroulnar joint, left humeroulnar joint.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 115 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a elbow, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "humeroulnar joint", "right elbow", "left elbow", "right humeroulnar joint", "left humeroulnar joint" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 115 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one elbow from another, and a elbow from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a elbow sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a elbow from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a elbow is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a elbow is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a elbow is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a elbow is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a elbow is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a elbow is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a elbow passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a elbow between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a elbow, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a elbow is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What elbow is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does elbow perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise elbow, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How elbow is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does elbow have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does elbow need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about elbow is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about elbow hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern elbow, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a elbow came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a elbow and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a elbow is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a elbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a elbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a elbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }