{ "model": { "rank": 1698, "code": "thing-q42710", "model_id": "vr.tr.water-buffalo", "name": "water buffalo", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an individual water buffalo, assess its needs and condition, and determine which care, handling, breeding or use actions are justified by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q42710/", "tier": 2, "score": 132, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 132, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q42710", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42710", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T21:40:07Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "missingProviders": [ "Grok" ], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": null, "turns": null, "seconds": 2.3, "error": "Error: Internal error: {\n \"message\": \"API error (status 402 Payment Required): Grok Build usage balance exhausted\",\n \"http_status\": 402\n}", "retried": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 87.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a078a8-c199-73a0-8041-bf1da5f529f8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: water buffalo\nRegistry id: vr.tr.water-buffalo\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42710", "registryId": "vr.tr.water-buffalo", "name": "water buffalo", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42710/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.water-buffalo", "name": "water buffalo", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an individual water buffalo, assess its needs and condition, and determine which care, handling, breeding or use actions are justified by evidence.", "definition": "", "scope_statement": "This PHY / PHY.LIV model for vr.tr.water-buffalo owns the identity, bodily state, behaviour, needs and action constraints of an individual water buffalo throughout its life; domestic Bubalus bubalis is the working core, while records suggesting wild ancestry retain an unresolved classification pending clarification of the registry boundary.", "in_scope": [ "Individual identification, taxonomic evidence, river or swamp type, breed and ancestry uncertainty", "Life stage, body condition, feeding, hydration and thermal comfort", "Health observations, mobility, horn condition and veterinary restrictions", "Reproduction, lactation and dam-calf dependencies", "Herd relationships, response to people and readiness for handling", "Individual suitability and constraints for milking, draught work, movement or managed grazing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Herd demographics, breeding-programme design and population conservation strategy", "Wetland hydrology, habitat condition and ecosystem management", "Farm operations, housing infrastructure and equipment specifications", "Milk batches, meat, hides and other products after separation from the animal", "Disease definitions, treatment protocols and veterinary medicinal products", "Ownership agreements, permits and transport operations, except their applicable constraints on this animal" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Examine horn bases and head shape when distinguishing water buffalo from African buffalo: widely separated horn bases support water-buffalo identification; a mature African buffalo's forehead boss is a contrasting feature, but its absence alone is inconclusive. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bubalus_bubalis/)", "Assess the combination of broad, splayed hooves, a long face, sparse adult hair and heavy horns with triangular basal cross-sections when distinguishing a water buffalo from cattle; no single trait establishes identity. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Bubalus_bubalis/)", "Check documented type and ancestry before distinguishing river, swamp and crossbred buffalo; colour, horn form, geographic location or dairy use alone must not determine the classification.", "Distinguish domestic or feral buffalo from claimed wild water buffalo using documented population origin and expert ancestry assessment; living without a keeper does not establish wild ancestry. [IUCN wild water buffalo account](https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/amazing-species/bubalus-arnee/pdfs/original/bubalus-arnee.pdf)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic and type assignment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded taxon; river, swamp, crossbred or unresolved type; evidence and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents applying an unsupported breed, production or conservation assumption." }, { "name": "Management status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Managed domestic, feral, claimed wild or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Changes the evidence required before approach, capture, breeding or relocation." }, { "name": "Individual identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to tag, transponder, identification photographs or keeper record, with verification date", "why_it_matters": "Keeps observations, treatments and breeding records attached to the correct animal." }, { "name": "Age and life stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Birth date or estimated age interval; calf, juvenile or adult; estimation method", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of feeding dependence, growth and reproductive observations." }, { "name": "Body mass and condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in kg; body-condition score with named buffalo-appropriate scale, date and method", "why_it_matters": "Provides a baseline for growth, nutritional assessment and workload review." }, { "name": "Thermal response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Respiratory rate in breaths/min and body temperature in °C, with measurement method, weather and recent activity", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of whether available cooling is adequate for this buffalo." }, { "name": "Water and cooling access", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed access to drinking water, shade, wallowing, bathing or installed cooling; accessibility and recent use", "why_it_matters": "Separates provision of resources from the animal's ability to use them." }, { "name": "Feeding and rumination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Diet and forage access; observed intake, rumination and change from individual baseline", "why_it_matters": "Helps identify nutritional mismatch or a developing condition requiring assessment." }, { "name": "Locomotion and integument condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Gait, weight bearing, hoof, skin, horn and harness-contact observations, with severity and date", "why_it_matters": "Constrains walking, restraint, draught work and access to wet or uneven ground." }, { "name": "Reproductive and lactation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Sex and reproductive status; pregnancy assessment and method; calving date; lactating, dry or not applicable", "why_it_matters": "Changes care needs and the suitability of breeding, milking, work and movement." }, { "name": "Calf and herd dependencies", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked dam, dependent calf, familiar group and observed nursing or separation response", "why_it_matters": "Makes the consequences of separation or regrouping visible." }, { "name": "Use-specific readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "For each proposed use: assessed suitable, conditionally suitable, unsuitable or unassessed; assessor, conditions and expiry", "why_it_matters": "Prevents inferring milking, draught or handling suitability from type or past use alone." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and monitor the buffalo through records and observation appropriate to its management status.", "Arrange feed, drinking water, shade and suitable cooling in response to observed needs.", "Request veterinary assessment and carry forward animal-specific care or movement restrictions.", "Plan handling, regrouping or transport around horns, behaviour, mobility and calf dependencies.", "Assess a managed animal for milking, breeding, draught work or grazing, using current condition and applicable authorization.", "Defer capture, breeding or relocation when identity, wild ancestry, fitness or authority remains unresolved." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "buffalo-identity-and-ancestry", "name": "Buffalo identity and ancestry", "description": "Establish what buffalo this is and how strongly its classification is supported.", "rationale": "The common name must not erase distinctions among domestic types, feral status and possible wild ancestry.", "layers": [ { "id": "individual-recognition", "name": "Individual recognition", "description": "Connect identification evidence to one observed animal.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Record identification marks and observed anatomy, including missing or modified horns, without treating a single feature as decisive.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tag, transponder, photographs or stable marks identify this buffalo across observations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed features support water-buffalo identification, and which competing identification remains plausible?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "type-and-origin", "name": "Type and origin", "description": "Keep biological assignment separate from current management.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-type-and-status", "name": "Documented type and status", "description": "Record river, swamp or crossbred assignment and its evidence separately from domestic, feral or claimed wild status. River and swamp are recognised domestic groupings. [FAO buffaloes](https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/dairy/buffaloes/)", "questions": [ { "text": "What pedigree, identification record or expert assessment supports the assigned type and origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-type-and-status-q01" }, { "text": "Does possible wild ancestry leave this animal's registry classification or permissible management unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-type-and-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-cooling-and-feeding", "name": "Water, cooling and feeding", "description": "Represent the resources this buffalo can actually access and its response to them.", "rationale": "Water buffalo require explicit thermal assessment; a water supply or nearby wallow alone does not demonstrate adequate cooling.", "layers": [ { "id": "thermal-environment", "name": "Thermal environment", "description": "Relate heat exposure and available cooling to the observed animal.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-cooling-access", "name": "Effective cooling access", "description": "Record weather, shade, wallowing or other cooling access alongside physiological and behavioural observations. Environmental conditions and cooling provision affect buffalo performance. [FAO environmental effects](https://www.fao.org/4/v1650t/v1650t0a.htm)", "questions": [ { "text": "What are this buffalo's respiratory rate, measured temperature if available, and cooling-seeking behaviour under the recorded conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "effective-cooling-access-q01" }, { "text": "Can it safely reach and use drinking water and cooling without obstruction by terrain, restraint or other buffalo?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "effective-cooling-access-q02" }, { "text": "Which observed changes justify providing additional cooling or requesting clinical assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "effective-cooling-access-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forage-and-rumination", "name": "Forage and rumination", "description": "Assess feeding against life stage, current use and individual trends.", "findings": [ { "id": "feeding-adequacy", "name": "Feeding adequacy", "description": "Record forage and ration access, rumination, drinking and body-condition trends; do not infer adequate nutrition from the ability to consume coarse forage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What forage, supplements and drinking water are actually consumed, and how have intake and rumination changed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "feeding-adequacy-q01" }, { "text": "Does the feeding assessment account for growth, pregnancy, lactation or draught work in this buffalo?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "feeding-adequacy-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "buffalo-health-and-mobility", "name": "Buffalo health and mobility", "description": "Track bodily condition and evidence that constrains care or use.", "rationale": "Wet-ground access, horn geometry and possible work or milk use make anatomical condition operationally important.", "layers": [ { "id": "hooves-skin-and-horns", "name": "Hooves, skin and horns", "description": "Assess the structures involved in locomotion, cooling access and handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-and-contact-injuries", "name": "Movement and contact injuries", "description": "Record gait, hoof and skin condition, horn damage and contact injuries from restraint or work equipment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the buffalo bear weight and move on its usual routes, including wallow entry and exit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "movement-and-contact-injuries-q01" }, { "text": "Which injuries or limitations require changes to walking distance, ground access, restraint or work?", "kind": "action", "id": "movement-and-contact-injuries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical-state-and-exposure", "name": "Clinical state and exposure", "description": "Connect observations and exposure history to professional assessments.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-evidence-and-restrictions", "name": "Health evidence and restrictions", "description": "Distinguish observed signs, suspected conditions and confirmed diagnoses; link shared wallow, herd and livestock contacts to relevant veterinary records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which signs, examinations or tests establish the current health assessment, and when were they obtained?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "health-evidence-and-restrictions-q01" }, { "text": "Which veterinary restrictions currently govern contact, movement, breeding, milking or work?", "kind": "action", "id": "health-evidence-and-restrictions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproduction-and-calf-dependence", "name": "Reproduction and calf dependence", "description": "Represent reproductive evidence and the needs connecting a buffalo to its calf.", "rationale": "Breeding and milk decisions require explicit reproductive state and dependent-calf information.", "layers": [ { "id": "reproductive-evidence", "name": "Reproductive evidence", "description": "Keep observations, breeding events and confirmed reproductive states distinct.", "findings": [ { "id": "breeding-and-pregnancy-status", "name": "Breeding and pregnancy status", "description": "Record observed oestrus, breeding dates and pregnancy assessments without assuming cattle timing or treating absent observed oestrus as proof of infertility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations, breeding records and examinations support this buffalo's reproductive state?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "breeding-and-pregnancy-status-q01" }, { "text": "What type-, age-, season- and condition-specific assessment is needed before breeding or interpreting an apparent delay?", "kind": "action", "id": "breeding-and-pregnancy-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calving-nursing-and-lactation", "name": "Calving, nursing and lactation", "description": "Connect maternal recovery, calf feeding and milk removal.", "findings": [ { "id": "dam-calf-and-milk-allocation", "name": "Dam-calf and milk allocation", "description": "Record calving outcome, calf dependency, nursing access, udder observations and milk-removal response for this individual.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which calf depends on this buffalo, and what observations establish adequate nursing or alternative feeding?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dam-calf-and-milk-allocation-q01" }, { "text": "What conditions must be met before milking, separating the pair or moving either animal?", "kind": "action", "id": "dam-calf-and-milk-allocation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "herd-behaviour-and-handling", "name": "Herd behaviour and handling", "description": "Represent social dependencies and context-specific responses to people.", "rationale": "Handling must account for the particular buffalo's horns, experience, companions and current behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "social-access-and-dependence", "name": "Social access and dependence", "description": "Observe how herd relationships affect resources and separation.", "findings": [ { "id": "herd-position-and-separation-response", "name": "Herd position and separation response", "description": "Record familiar companions, displacement at feed or cooling resources and observed responses to isolation or regrouping.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which buffalo permit or obstruct this animal's access to feed, water, shade and wallowing space?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "herd-position-and-separation-response-q01" }, { "text": "What observed separation or regrouping responses should change a proposed movement plan?", "kind": "action", "id": "herd-position-and-separation-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "human-contact-and-restraint", "name": "Human contact and restraint", "description": "Assess handling in the intended setting rather than assigning a permanent temperament label.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-readiness", "name": "Handling readiness", "description": "Record habituation, recent approach and restraint responses, horn clearance and relevant contexts such as calf presence or pain.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has this buffalo responded to the intended handler, approach, restraint and loading method?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "handling-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What space, personnel, equipment and stopping conditions are required for the proposed handling?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "buffalo-use-and-action-eligibility", "name": "Buffalo use and action eligibility", "description": "Evaluate a proposed use against this animal's current capability and applicable constraints.", "rationale": "A buffalo's type or historical role does not establish its present fitness or authorization for a task.", "layers": [ { "id": "milk-work-and-grazing-capability", "name": "Milk, work and grazing capability", "description": "Connect proposed activity to individual evidence and recovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-capability", "name": "Use-specific capability", "description": "Record measured output, training, workload and recovery where relevant. River buffalo are prominent in dairying and swamp buffalo in draught use, but these associations are not individual capability tests. [FAO buffaloes](https://www.fao.org/dairy-production-products/dairy/buffaloes/)", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured milk output, demonstrated work training or observed grazing behaviour supports the intended use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-capability-q01" }, { "text": "How do body condition, heat response, mobility, lactation and recovery limit the proposed activity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-capability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "permission-and-reassessment", "name": "Permission and reassessment", "description": "Link the animal to authority and restrictions without owning their underlying documents.", "findings": [ { "id": "action-eligibility", "name": "Action eligibility", "description": "For capture, relocation, breeding, milking or work, record the responsible authority, relevant restrictions, unresolved evidence and conditions requiring reassessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which keeper authorization, veterinary assessment or wildlife determination applies to this buffalo and proposed action?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "action-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "What missing evidence or change in the buffalo's condition requires deferring or reassessing the action?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.water-buffalo include wild Bubalus arnee, or only domestic Bubalus bubalis and its feral descendants, and does an existing world model already own any of this scope?", "Which identification criteria and ancestry evidence reliably distinguish river, swamp, crossbred and potentially wild-origin buffalo across the populations this registry will cover?", "Which buffalo-specific body-condition scales, thermal indicators and intervention thresholds are validated for the relevant types, life stages, climates and management systems?", "Which regional evidence should govern reproductive expectations, calf-feeding assessment, disease surveillance and veterinary restrictions without importing cattle defaults?", "Which validated measures and stopping criteria establish individual fitness for draught work, milking, transport and managed grazing?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 12, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a water buffalo, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an individual water buffalo, assess its needs and condition, and determine which care, handling, breeding or use actions are justified by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 132 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a water buffalo, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 132 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one water buffalo from another, and a water buffalo from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a water buffalo sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a water buffalo from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a water buffalo is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a water buffalo and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a water buffalo is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a water buffalo is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a water buffalo is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a water buffalo moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a water buffalo passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a water buffalo between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a water buffalo, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a water buffalo is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What water buffalo is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of water buffalo, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate water buffalo from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish water buffalo from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What water buffalo does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does water buffalo pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of water buffalo judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where water buffalo lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of water buffalo, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does water buffalo hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a water buffalo came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a water buffalo and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a water buffalo is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a water buffalo, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a water buffalo, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a water buffalo is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }