{ "model": { "rank": 12343, "code": "thing-q428148", "model_id": "vr.tr.regulation", "name": "regulation", "purpose": "Let an agent handle regulations by issuer, scope, status, text and compliance obligations in general terms, attribute religious rules to their communities, and avoid giving legal advice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q428148/", "tier": 2, "score": 40, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "monastic rule", "Administrative Regulatory Document", "Prātimokṣa", "qinggui", "Rule of St. Clare", "electrical code", "administrative regulation", "regulations", "government regulation", "weights and measures", "occupational licensing", "amendment and abolition of laws and regulations", "legislative affairs", "parking space enforcement", "travel restriction", "professional licensure in the United States", "policy element", "restrictions to free speech", "regulation of chemicals", "regulation of water systems", "draft regulation", "legal regulation", "food labeling regulations", "hunting regulation", "protected term", "Dongseong-dong Bonbulmong", "EN 137", "customs regulations", "local-loop unbundling", "unbundling", "utility regulation", "regulatory economics", "noise regulation", "European Technical Standard Order", "economic law", "Incompatibility decision", "Performance-based regulation", "Regulation of unmanned aerial vehicles", "regulation of Brussels Parliament", "Parking minimums and maximums" ], "aliasCount": 92, "merged": 93, "knownIn": 40, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.regulation-process", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q428148", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428148", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T12:56:33Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q428148", "registryId": "vr.tr.regulation", "name": "regulation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q428148/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.regulation", "name": "regulation", "purpose": "Let an agent handle regulations by issuer, scope, status, text and compliance obligations in general terms, attribute religious rules to their communities, and avoid giving legal advice.", "definition": "A rule or directive issued by an authority to govern conduct, such as government regulations, EU regulations that apply directly in member states, technical codes like electrical codes, and the rules of organisations and religious communities such as monastic rules.", "what_it_is_for": "Governing conduct and setting standards.", "affordances": [ "find the official text and status of a regulation", "explain scope and who it applies to", "distinguish regulations, directives and guidance", "find consultation and enforcement information" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Issued by an authority", "Binding within its scope", "Has effective dates", "Enforced by regulators" ], "appearance": "Official documents with numbers, articles, annexes and dates.", "visual_identification": [ "Numbered regulations with articles", "Official journals and gazettes", "Guidance is usually not binding" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "government regulations", "EU regulations", "technical codes", "organisational rules", "monastic and religious rules" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "legal act", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is issued by", "target": "regulator", "why": "issuer" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "directive", "why": "related instrument" }, { "relation": "is enforced by", "target": "regulatory authority", "why": "enforcer" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ELI or CELEX number", "value_or_pattern": "jurisdiction-specific", "note": "legal identifier" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EU treaties on legal acts (TFEU article 288)", "National rule-making procedures" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Citing repealed or amended versions", "Confusing guidance with binding rules", "Agents giving legal advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "text", "name": "Text", "description": "Official version.", "rationale": "Versions change.", "layers": [ { "id": "find", "name": "Find", "description": "Official text.", "findings": [ { "id": "find-finding", "name": "Find", "description": "Official text.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the official, consolidated text of this regulation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which amendments apply?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "In force.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the regulation in force, and from which date?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are there transition periods?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scope", "name": "Scope", "description": "Who it covers.", "rationale": "Scope decides applicability.", "layers": [ { "id": "applies", "name": "Applies", "description": "Applicability.", "findings": [ { "id": "applies-finding", "name": "Applies", "description": "Applicability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who and what does the regulation apply to, according to its scope article?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are there exemptions?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instrument", "name": "Instrument", "description": "Type of act.", "findings": [ { "id": "instrument-finding", "name": "Instrument", "description": "Type of act.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a regulation, directive, decision or guidance?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does that affect its effect?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compliance", "name": "Compliance", "description": "Obligations.", "rationale": "Obligations need care.", "layers": [ { "id": "duties", "name": "Duties", "description": "Requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "duties-finding", "name": "Duties", "description": "Requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main obligations in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which regulator publishes guidance?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "advice", "name": "Advice", "description": "Limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "advice-finding", "name": "Advice", "description": "Advice limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the user asking whether they personally comply?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should a lawyer or compliance professional be consulted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Other rules.", "rationale": "Regulation has other senses.", "layers": [ { "id": "religious", "name": "Religious", "description": "Monastic rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "religious-finding", "name": "Religious", "description": "Religious rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a monastic or religious rule meant, and how does the community describe it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which text is authoritative for them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "biology", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biological regulation.", "findings": [ { "id": "biology-finding", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biological sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is regulation in the biological sense, such as gene regulation, meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each regulation be a separate entry?", "How should consolidated versions be linked?", "How should religious rules be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a regulation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle regulations by issuer, scope, status, text and compliance obligations in general terms, attribute religious rules to their communities, and avoid giving legal advice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: monastic rule, Administrative Regulatory Document, Prātimokṣa, qinggui, Rule of St. Clare, electrical code, administrative regulation, regulations, government regulation, weights and measures, occupational licensing, amendment and abolition of laws and regulations.", "93 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a regulation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "monastic rule", "Administrative Regulatory Document", "Prātimokṣa", "qinggui", "Rule of St. Clare", "electrical code", "administrative regulation", "regulations", "government regulation", "weights and measures", "occupational licensing", "amendment and abolition of laws and regulations" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 93 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one regulation from another, and a regulation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a regulation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a regulation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a regulation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a regulation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a regulation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a regulation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a regulation says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a regulation contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a regulation and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What regulation studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does regulation take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does regulation establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where regulation is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark regulation as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place regulation, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a regulation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a regulation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a regulation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a regulation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a regulation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a regulation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }