{ "model": { "rank": 2073, "code": "thing-q42884", "model_id": "vr.tr.germans", "name": "Germans", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Germans respectfully and accurately, use self-identification and avoid stereotypes, distinguish nationality, ethnicity and language, and handle history and regional identities with attribution.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q42884/", "tier": 2, "score": 116, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Berliners", "Luxembourgers", "Bavarians", "Austrians", "Liechtensteiners", "Amish", "Austrians in Venezuela", "Austrians abroad", "Germans in Bulgaria", "population present - Czechoslovak citisens of German nationality", "German Japanese", "Belgian Germans", "Germans in the United States", "Korean Germans", "Emdeners", "People from Bunde", "people from Süderhausen", "Kyrgyzstan Germans", "Vietnamese Germans", "Franconians", "Czech Germans", "Germans in Armenia", "Germans in Belarus", "Tamil Germans", "cultural German", "German Brazilians", "Germans of Kazakhstan", "Bosporus Germans", "Gottscheers", "German Angolans", "German diaspora", "Alman", "Carpathian Germans", "Germans of Romania", "Germans Abroad", "Badenser", "Saxons", "Afro-Germans", "Amish in Ohio", "Nebraska Amish" ], "aliasCount": 52, "merged": 52, "knownIn": 116, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q42884", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42884", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:39:11Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42884", "registryId": "vr.tr.germans", "name": "Germans", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42884/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.germans", "name": "Germans", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Germans respectfully and accurately, use self-identification and avoid stereotypes, distinguish nationality, ethnicity and language, and handle history and regional identities with attribution.", "definition": "The people of Germany and, more broadly, people who identify as ethnically or culturally German, including regional identities such as Bavarians and Berliners and German-speaking communities and diasporas abroad; German identity is defined by citizenship, language, culture and self-identification, and neighbouring German-speaking peoples such as Austrians, Swiss and Luxembourgers have their own national identities.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding a people and national identity.", "affordances": [ "distinguish citizenship, ethnicity and language", "describe regional identities and diasporas", "explain German history and culture with attribution", "avoid stereotypes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "National and cultural identity", "Regional diversity", "Diaspora communities", "Self-identification" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a people and identity.", "visual_identification": [ "Citizens and people of German culture", "Regional and diaspora identities", "German speakers in Austria and Switzerland are not Germans by nationality" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "citizens of Germany", "regional identities such as Bavarians, Saxons and Berliners", "German diaspora communities", "German-speaking minorities abroad", "historical German populations" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Western Europeans", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "speaks", "target": "German language", "why": "language" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Russians", "why": "other European people" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "minority group", "why": "German minorities abroad" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "German nationality law", "Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities for German minorities abroad", "Anti-discrimination law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "National stereotypes", "Conflating Germans with all German speakers", "One-sided historical accounts" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Who counts.", "rationale": "Self-identification.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions", "name": "Definitions", "description": "Nationality and culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "definitions-finding", "name": "Definitions", "description": "Definitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the question about citizens of Germany, ethnic Germans or German speakers?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How do people concerned identify themselves?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbours", "name": "Neighbours", "description": "Other German speakers.", "findings": [ { "id": "neighbours-finding", "name": "Neighbours", "description": "Other German speakers.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are Austrians, Swiss Germans and Luxembourgers described as distinct peoples?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits them?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regions", "name": "Regions", "description": "Regional and diaspora identities.", "rationale": "Diversity within.", "layers": [ { "id": "regional", "name": "Regional", "description": "Regional identities.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-finding", "name": "Regional", "description": "Regional identities.", "questions": [ { "text": "What characterises this regional identity, such as Bavarian or Berliner, as described by its people?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are stereotypes avoided?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diaspora", "name": "Diaspora", "description": "Germans abroad.", "findings": [ { "id": "diaspora-finding", "name": "Diaspora", "description": "Diaspora.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do German diaspora and minority communities live, and what is their history?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which communities, such as the Amish, are of German origin but distinct?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Historical accounts.", "rationale": "Attribution matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "periods", "name": "Periods", "description": "Sourced history.", "findings": [ { "id": "periods-finding", "name": "Periods", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do historians describe this period of German history, including the Nazi era and division?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are victims and perspectives represented?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "memory", "name": "Memory", "description": "Remembrance culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "memory-finding", "name": "Memory", "description": "Remembrance.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does Germany approach remembrance and historical responsibility, according to official and scholarly sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which memorials and museums are central?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Society today.", "rationale": "Contemporary Germany.", "layers": [ { "id": "society", "name": "Society", "description": "Contemporary society.", "findings": [ { "id": "society-finding", "name": "Society", "description": "Society.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do official statistics say about the population, migration and languages of Germany today?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is integration debated, with positions attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "customs", "name": "Customs", "description": "Culture and customs.", "findings": [ { "id": "customs-finding", "name": "Customs", "description": "Customs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cultural traditions, festivals and customs are notable, as described by their communities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which etiquette applies for visitors?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should regional identities be separate entries?", "How should diaspora data be linked?", "How should historical periods be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Germans, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe Germans respectfully and accurately, use self-identification and avoid stereotypes, distinguish nationality, ethnicity and language, and handle history and regional identities with attribution.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Berliners, Luxembourgers, Bavarians, Austrians, Liechtensteiners, Amish, Austrians in Venezuela, Austrians abroad, Germans in Bulgaria, population present - Czechoslovak citisens of German nationality, German Japanese, Belgian Germans.", "52 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Germans, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Berliners", "Luxembourgers", "Bavarians", "Austrians", "Liechtensteiners", "Amish", "Austrians in Venezuela", "Austrians abroad", "Germans in Bulgaria", "population present - Czechoslovak citisens of German nationality", "German Japanese", "Belgian Germans" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 116 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 52 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Germans from another, and a Germans from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Germans sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Germans from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Germans is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Germans is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Germans moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Germans passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Germans between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Germans, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Germans is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Germans.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Germans and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Germans, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Germans and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Germans sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as Germans.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does Germans require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses Germans, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What Germans actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define Germans, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as Germans, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Germans came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Germans and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Germans is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Germans, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Germans, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Germans is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }