{ "model": { "rank": 2576, "code": "thing-q42927", "model_id": "vr.tr.nirvana", "name": "nirvana", "purpose": "Let an agent explain nirvana as understood in Buddhist traditions and in Hindu and Jain usage, relay textual sources and interpretations respectfully with attribution, describe how traditions differ, and distinguish the religious concept from the colloquial sense and from other terms for liberation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q42927/", "tier": 2, "score": 102, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "yuanji", "Nirvana" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 102, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q42927", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42927", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T05:44:28Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42927", "registryId": "vr.tr.nirvana", "name": "nirvana", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42927/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.nirvana", "name": "nirvana", "purpose": "Let an agent explain nirvana as understood in Buddhist traditions and in Hindu and Jain usage, relay textual sources and interpretations respectfully with attribution, describe how traditions differ, and distinguish the religious concept from the colloquial sense and from other terms for liberation.", "definition": "In Buddhism, the ultimate goal of the path, the extinguishing of the fires of greed, hatred and delusion and the end of suffering and rebirth, described as liberation rather than a place, with distinctions such as nirvana with remainder attained in life and final nirvana at death, rendered in Chinese as niepan and in terms such as yuanji for complete quiescence; related concepts in Hinduism and Jainism use the term for liberation of the self, and in everyday English nirvana means a state of perfect happiness.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a religious concept.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept", "relay sources and interpretations", "describe differences between traditions", "distinguish from colloquial use" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "End of craving and suffering", "Not a place", "Central Buddhist goal", "Multiple interpretations" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a state of liberation.", "visual_identification": [ "Buddhist liberation from suffering and rebirth", "Nirvana with and without remainder, parinirvana, Chinese niepan and yuanji", "Moksha is the Hindu term; the colloquial sense is bliss; heaven is a place in other traditions" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "nirvana in Theravada Buddhism", "nirvana and emptiness in Mahayana Buddhism", "nirvana in Vajrayana and East Asian Buddhism including Chinese terms", "nirvana in Hinduism as liberation", "nirvana in Jainism as the liberated state", "nirvana in everyday and popular usage" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "salvation", "why": "in registry terms, as liberation" }, { "relation": "is the goal of", "target": "Noble Eightfold Path", "why": "in Buddhism" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "moksha", "why": "in Hinduism and Jainism" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "samsara", "why": "the cycle of rebirth" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; textual traditions of the Pali Canon and Mahayana sutras" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating nirvana as a place or annihilation without attribution", "Conflating Buddhist, Hindu and Jain senses", "Disrespectful or trivialising presentation" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What nirvana is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is nirvana in Buddhism, and how do the traditions describe it, with sources attributed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the Buddhist concept, Hindu or Jain usage, or the colloquial sense?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Distinctions.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are nirvana with remainder, final nirvana and terms such as niepan and yuanji?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific term?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "traditions", "name": "Traditions", "description": "Traditions.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "buddhist", "name": "Buddhist", "description": "Buddhist schools.", "findings": [ { "id": "buddhist-finding", "name": "Buddhist", "description": "Buddhist.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana schools interpret nirvana and its relation to emptiness and buddhahood?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "others", "name": "Others", "description": "Hinduism and Jainism.", "findings": [ { "id": "others-finding", "name": "Others", "description": "Others.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Hindu and Jain traditions use the term nirvana, as they describe it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "path", "name": "Path", "description": "Path and practice.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "path", "name": "Path", "description": "The path.", "findings": [ { "id": "path-finding", "name": "Path", "description": "Path.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path lead toward nirvana, according to the tradition?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scholarship", "name": "Scholarship", "description": "Scholarship.", "findings": [ { "id": "scholarship-finding", "name": "Scholarship", "description": "Scholarship.", "questions": [ { "text": "What debates exist among scholars about the meaning of nirvana, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Buddhist studies?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "language", "name": "Language", "description": "Language and translation.", "findings": [ { "id": "language-finding", "name": "Language", "description": "Language.", "questions": [ { "text": "How has nirvana been translated into Chinese, Tibetan and Western languages?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Buddhist terminology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "popular", "name": "Popular", "description": "Popular usage.", "findings": [ { "id": "popular-finding", "name": "Popular", "description": "Popular.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is nirvana used in everyday English and popular culture, and how does that differ from the religious sense?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits nirvana in popular culture?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should parinirvana and moksha be separate primary entries?", "How should textual sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged a Chinese term alias; should it be recorded as a translation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a nirvana, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain nirvana as understood in Buddhist traditions and in Hindu and Jain usage, relay textual sources and interpretations respectfully with attribution, describe how traditions differ, and distinguish the religious concept from the colloquial sense and from other terms for liberation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: yuanji, Nirvana.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a nirvana, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "yuanji", "Nirvana" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 102 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one nirvana from another, and a nirvana from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a nirvana sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a nirvana from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a nirvana passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a nirvana between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a nirvana, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a nirvana is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What nirvana is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of nirvana are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is nirvana operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of nirvana and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of nirvana?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as nirvana?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a nirvana came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a nirvana and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a nirvana is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a nirvana, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a nirvana, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a nirvana is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }