human eye

Laterality and organ continuity

Record which eye is represented and whether the record concerns a present globe, a removed specimen or a historical organ.

1. Which human individual and which side does this eye belong to? definition
2. What record establishes the eye's identity and continuity through previous procedures or removal? provenance

Biological eye versus associated components

Keep the biological eye distinct from its surrounding support structures and any fitted or implanted device.

1. Does this observation concern the globe or ocular surface, an adjacent structure, or an associated device? boundary
2. Which implanted, transplanted or external components must be linked to explain this eye's present configuration? definition

Anterior structure observations

Describe observed surface and anterior segment features, distinguishing an unexamined structure from an observed absence of abnormality.

1. What was observed in the tear film, ocular surface, cornea, anterior chamber, iris and lens, and by which examination method? measurement
2. Which anterior structures could not be adequately examined, and what limited their assessment? boundary

Posterior location and extent

Locate posterior findings relative to ocular landmarks and preserve the extent of the examined region.

1. Where are observed changes relative to the macula, optic disc and peripheral retina, and how extensive are they? measurement
2. Which examination or image supports each finding, and what region was outside its usable coverage? provenance

Optical state under test

Capture refractive and focusing measurements together with correction and test conditions.

1. What sphere, cylinder and axis were measured, using which convention and with or without cycloplegia? measurement
2. What accommodation or near-focus behaviour was assessed, and under what target distance and correction? measurement

Eye-specific visual test results

Separate monocular results from binocular performance and preserve correction, reliability and testing conditions.

1. What acuity, field, contrast or colour-vision results were obtained for this eye, and with what correction and reliability? measurement
2. Which results measure this eye separately, and which require the fellow eye or wider visual pathway for interpretation? boundary

Contextualised pressure and pupil observations

Treat pressure readings and pupil responses as contextual observations rather than standalone diagnoses.

1. What intraocular pressure was measured, when, with which instrument and with what relevant corneal information? measurement
2. How did each pupil respond under the stated illumination, and what medication or examination conditions could affect the result? measurement

Support-dependent ocular state

Record how lid closure, tear coverage and positioning affect this eye while keeping their generating structures separately identifiable.

1. What lid closure, tear coverage, movement or alignment observations affect this eye's exposure or use? measurement
2. Which findings belong to this eye and which require linked eyelid, lacrimal, muscle, orbital or neural records? boundary

Baseline and acquired change

Distinguish documented baseline variation from acquired change and retain evidence linking interventions to the correct eye.

1. Which features are documented as developmental or longstanding, and which appeared after injury, disease or intervention? provenance
2. Are before-and-after measurements comparable in method, correction and testing conditions? measurement

Reported change and action boundary

Record symptom onset and progression, distinguish reported experience from observed signs, and obtain action guidance from an applicable clinical protocol.

1. When did reported pain, visual change, flashes, floaters, redness or injury begin, which eye is affected, and how has it progressed? measurement
2. Under the applicable clinical protocol, what professional assessment is indicated by the reported change, and what missing information affects that decision? action

Check these first

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• The intended sense is the anatomical organ, primarily the eyeball; it is not an organism or taxon.
• This description is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; identifier accessions and applicable standards editions require checking.
• Measurement ranges are approximate descriptive values, not diagnostic thresholds; refractive states and iris colours are overlapping attributes rather than separate anatomical kinds.

1. Which of these check these first hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) - FMA identifier with a numeric accession - Identifies anatomical structures; the specific accession for the eyeball should be checked.
• SNOMED CT - Numeric concept identifier - Distinguishes anatomical eye structures from eye disorders and procedures; the exact anatomical concept should be checked.

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Terminologia Anatomica, maintained by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, standardizes anatomical names.
• ISO 15004-2, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, addresses light hazard protection for ophthalmic instruments.
• IEC 60825-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, specifies laser product classification and safety requirements relevant to ocular exposure.

1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Supports perception of spatial detail, colour, movement and contrast.
• Provides overlapping views that support binocular depth perception.
• Contributes visual information to navigation, balance and coordination of movement.
• Supplies retinal light signals involved in circadian entrainment and the pupillary light reflex.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Adult eyeball axial length - Approximately 22-25 in many adult eyes; varies with refractive state - mm
• Pupil diameter - Approximately 2-8, depending on illumination, age and physiological state - mm
• Wavelengths supporting human vision - Approximately 380-750, with sensitivity declining toward the limits - nm

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Refractive errors prevent light from forming a sharply focused retinal image.
• Cataract reduces lens transparency and degrades vision.
• Glaucoma damages the optic nerve and can cause irreversible visual loss.
• Retinal degeneration or detachment disrupts light detection and retinal signalling.
• Trauma, chemical exposure, infection and sufficiently intense optical radiation can damage ocular tissues.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• The basic anatomical organization is shared across human populations; iris pigmentation and the prevalence of some ocular conditions vary among populations.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.

• Eye - The broader category includes visual organs in other animals; human eye specifies the organ in Homo sapiens.
• Visual system - Includes the eyes, neural pathways and brain regions responsible for visual processing.
• Orbit - The bony socket containing the eyeball and associated tissues, rather than the sensory organ itself.
• Ocular adnexa - Supporting structures such as eyelids and the lacrimal apparatus, distinguished from the eyeball.
• Retina - The neural tissue lining the inner posterior eye, rather than the whole organ.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of human eye this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance