{ "model": { "rank": 6032, "code": "thing-q4306", "model_id": "vr.tr.radio-astronomy", "name": "radio astronomy", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise radio astronomy activities, assess whether their observations support the intended scientific use, and determine justified next actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q4306/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "amateur radioastronomy" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q4306", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4306", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:03:57Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00202844, "turns": 1, "seconds": 23.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 78.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b88-d2a9-71b1-a528-1ce36a916efb\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: radio astronomy\nRegistry id: vr.tr.radio-astronomy\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q4306", "registryId": "vr.tr.radio-astronomy", "name": "radio astronomy", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4306/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.radio-astronomy", "name": "radio astronomy", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise radio astronomy activities, assess whether their observations support the intended scientific use, and determine justified next actions.", "definition": "Radio astronomy is the observational science that studies celestial objects and the interstellar/intergalactic medium by collecting and analysing naturally emitted electromagnetic radiation at radio wavelengths (typically ~10 MHz to ~1 THz), using antennas, interferometers, and spectrometers rather than optical telescopes.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the scientific practice of investigating astronomical sources through radio observations, including the connections between observing intent, measurement configuration, interference, calibration, interpretation and evidence quality.", "in_scope": [ "Astronomical questions, targets and radio observables", "Observing strategies and scientifically relevant receiver, telescope and array configurations", "Radio-frequency interference and its effects on usable observations", "Calibration, processing history and measurement uncertainty", "Radio-derived scientific interpretations, limitations and follow-up decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General astronomical knowledge independent of radio observations", "Detailed telescope construction, maintenance and asset management", "Terrestrial radio communications and network operation", "Spectrum legislation and licensing administration", "Generic computing infrastructure and data-storage operations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The activity measures or analyses radio signals associated with astronomical sources or sky emission; operating radio equipment alone does not qualify.", "Its intended result concerns an astronomical property or phenomenon, rather than delivery of a communications message.", "Its evidence depends on a radio measurement response, such as an antenna beam, receiver bandpass or interferometric sampling pattern.", "It distinguishes candidate astronomical signals from instrumental effects and terrestrial interference before treating them as scientific evidence.", "It can operate on archived observations without owning or operating a telescope, provided the radio measurement provenance remains available." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Scientific objective", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Continuum, spectral-line, timing, transient, polarimetric or combined investigation", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observables, configurations and validation checks are necessary." }, { "name": "Target and sky coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named sources or sky regions, with coordinate frame, epoch and coverage footprint", "why_it_matters": "Establishes what was observed and whether coverage supports the intended claim." }, { "name": "Frequency coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hz, including channel widths, gaps and frequency reference frame", "why_it_matters": "Controls which emission features can be measured and whether observations can be compared." }, { "name": "Angular response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Beam dimensions in arcseconds or radians, with response description and recoverable angular-scale limits where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Determines source separation, spatial interpretation and possible loss of extended emission." }, { "name": "Temporal sampling", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Seconds for integration and cadence; timestamps with a declared time standard", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether variability, pulses or short events can be resolved and aligned." }, { "name": "Measurement sensitivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Noise or uncertainty in Jy, K or another declared observable unit, at stated bandwidth and integration", "why_it_matters": "Supports detection assessment and meaningful upper limits." }, { "name": "Polarization products", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded correlations or Stokes parameters, with basis and sign conventions", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which polarization claims are supportable and which corrections are required." }, { "name": "Calibration readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, incomplete, applied, validated or failed, separately for each required correction", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an overall readiness label from hiding a missing correction." }, { "name": "Interference impact", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Flagged fraction and residual contamination assessment by frequency, time and relevant signal product", "why_it_matters": "Shows which measurements remain usable and where contamination may imitate a source." }, { "name": "Evidence lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links among observations, calibration inputs, processing versions, derived products and scientific claims", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to trace, reproduce or challenge a result." } ], "affordances": [ "Translate a scientific objective into required frequency, angular, temporal and polarization coverage.", "Select observations whose configuration and quality fit a stated analysis.", "Identify interference, missing calibration or sampling limitations that require correction or restrict use.", "Produce or request calibrated images, spectra, time series or polarization products with traceable processing.", "Assess detections, non-detections and competing interpretations against measurement uncertainty.", "Recommend reprocessing, independent verification or follow-up observations within recorded access and scheduling constraints." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "scientific-intent-and-targets", "name": "Scientific intent and targets", "description": "Connects the astronomical question to the radio evidence needed to answer it.", "rationale": "An observation can be technically successful while failing to measure what the investigation requires.", "layers": [ { "id": "radio-observables", "name": "Radio observables", "description": "Records the measured quantities and their intended scientific role.", "findings": [ { "id": "objective-to-observable-fit", "name": "Objective-to-observable fit", "description": "Records whether the requested radio measurements can discriminate among the proposed astronomical explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which astronomical question is being tested, and which radio observable would constrain its answer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "objective-to-observable-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What frequency, sensitivity, angular, temporal or polarization requirements must be met for that test?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "objective-to-observable-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "target-selection-and-coverage", "name": "Target selection and coverage", "description": "Records the intended source population or sky region and the actual observational coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "selection-and-pointing-basis", "name": "Selection and pointing basis", "description": "Preserves target selection, coordinate conventions and coverage gaps that affect interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were targets or survey fields selected, and which catalogue, coordinate frame and epoch define their positions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "selection-and-pointing-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which sources, sky regions or observing intervals fall outside the achieved coverage or selection criteria?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "selection-and-pointing-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "radio-measurement-configuration", "name": "Radio measurement configuration", "description": "Describes how reception and sampling transform sky emission into recorded measurements.", "rationale": "Instrument response determines what structures and signal variations can be recovered.", "layers": [ { "id": "reception-and-sampling", "name": "Reception and sampling", "description": "Records receiver coverage and the spectral, temporal and polarization products actually retained.", "findings": [ { "id": "recorded-signal-capability", "name": "Recorded signal capability", "description": "Identifies whether the retained measurements contain the information required for the intended analysis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What frequencies, channel widths, integration times and polarization products were recorded, using which conventions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recorded-signal-capability-q01" }, { "text": "Which desired signal features are unresolved, outside the band or irreversibly lost through averaging or product selection?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recorded-signal-capability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spatial-response", "name": "Spatial response", "description": "Captures beam response, scanning or array sampling and their consequences for sky reconstruction.", "findings": [ { "id": "recoverable-sky-structure", "name": "Recoverable sky structure", "description": "Records the spatial scales and regions for which the observation provides defensible information.", "questions": [ { "text": "What beam, scan pattern or baseline sampling defines the angular response and field sensitivity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recoverable-sky-structure-q01" }, { "text": "Could blending, sidelobes or insufficient sampling of large angular scales alter the apparent source structure or flux?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recoverable-sky-structure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "signal-integrity-and-calibration", "name": "Signal integrity and calibration", "description": "Tracks contamination and the corrections needed to relate recorded signals to astronomical quantities.", "rationale": "Radio detections and measured properties require evidence that interference and instrumental response have been adequately addressed.", "layers": [ { "id": "interference-discrimination", "name": "Interference discrimination", "description": "Records evidence used to distinguish astronomical emission from unwanted radio signals and instrumental artifacts.", "findings": [ { "id": "contamination-and-flagging-evidence", "name": "Contamination and flagging evidence", "description": "Preserves interference assessments, rejected samples and the possibility that rejection removed astronomical signal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports classifying each suspect signal as interference, an instrumental artifact or an astronomical candidate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contamination-and-flagging-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How much data was rejected by frequency and time, and what residual contamination or selection effect remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contamination-and-flagging-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which additional checks are required before retaining a suspect candidate or accepting automated flagging?", "kind": "action", "id": "contamination-and-flagging-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calibration-validity", "name": "Calibration validity", "description": "Records applicable instrumental and propagation corrections and their validation.", "findings": [ { "id": "correction-chain-and-residuals", "name": "Correction chain and residuals", "description": "Connects calibrated measurements to their reference inputs, validity intervals and remaining systematic errors.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flux, gain, bandpass, polarization or propagation corrections are required, and what reference observations or models support them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "correction-chain-and-residuals-q01" }, { "text": "Do validation measurements show that the corrections remain adequate across the target's frequency range, observing time and direction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "correction-chain-and-residuals-q02" }, { "text": "Which analyses must be restricted or repeated because a required correction is missing or fails validation?", "kind": "action", "id": "correction-chain-and-residuals-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "processing-and-evidence-products", "name": "Processing and evidence products", "description": "Connects recorded observations to the images, spectra and time-dependent products used for scientific assessment.", "rationale": "Processing choices can change apparent morphology, spectral features and transient significance.", "layers": [ { "id": "radio-product-formation", "name": "Radio product formation", "description": "Records transformations relevant to the selected observing mode.", "findings": [ { "id": "processing-choice-traceability", "name": "Processing choice traceability", "description": "Preserves the settings and intermediate evidence needed to assess how a radio product was formed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which applicable imaging, deconvolution, spectral-baseline, dedispersion or timing transformations produced this result?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "processing-choice-traceability-q01" }, { "text": "Which processing choices could suppress, redistribute or imitate the feature being interpreted?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "processing-choice-traceability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "product-quality-and-comparability", "name": "Product quality and comparability", "description": "Records uncertainty, conventions and response differences that constrain reuse or combination.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-product-envelope", "name": "Usable product envelope", "description": "Defines where a derived product supports measurement and how it can be compared with other observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What noise, correlated errors, calibration uncertainty and spatial or spectral sensitivity variation accompany the product?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-product-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What alignment of beam response, flux scale, frequency frame, time standard or polarization convention is needed before comparison or combination?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-product-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interpretation-and-next-observations", "name": "Interpretation and next observations", "description": "Connects radio evidence to bounded scientific claims and justified further work.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a measured feature from its physical explanation and choose actions that resolve remaining uncertainty.", "layers": [ { "id": "detection-and-physical-inference", "name": "Detection and physical inference", "description": "Records detection criteria, non-detection limits and assumptions connecting observables to source properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-strength-and-alternatives", "name": "Claim strength and alternatives", "description": "Separates measurement support from model-dependent interpretation and records plausible alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What detection criterion or upper-limit method was used, including the search extent and relevant noise assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "claim-strength-and-alternatives-q01" }, { "text": "Which assumptions about distance, emission mechanism, source geometry or propagation connect the measurement to the claimed physical property?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "claim-strength-and-alternatives-q02" }, { "text": "Which competing explanations or observational limitations remain consistent with the evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claim-strength-and-alternatives-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "follow-up-and-use-readiness", "name": "Follow-up and use readiness", "description": "Records feasible next actions and the conditions governing scientific reuse.", "findings": [ { "id": "next-action-justification", "name": "Next-action justification", "description": "Links reprocessing, corroboration and observing requests to a specific unresolved scientific or measurement issue.", "questions": [ { "text": "Would reprocessing, another frequency band, improved angular or temporal sampling, or an independent observation best resolve the stated uncertainty?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-action-justification-q01" }, { "text": "What target visibility, event timing, sensitivity, telescope availability and data-access conditions constrain that action?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "next-action-justification-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence must be obtained before the result is ready for the proposed scientific reuse or release?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-action-justification-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "single-dish continuum radio astronomy", "interferometric/synthesis imaging", "spectral-line (HI, molecular) radio astronomy", "pulsar timing and radio pulsar astronomy", "very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI)", "solar and planetary radio astronomy", "cosmic microwave background / millimetre-wave cosmology", "transient and fast-radio-burst astronomy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of radio astronomy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend radio astronomy to include active planetary radar investigations, or should this model link those activities to a separate radar astronomy entry?", "Which existing Vercy models own telescopes, observing projects, datasets and astronomical sources, and where should this model reference them?", "Which observing modes require dedicated extensions, particularly very long baseline interferometry, pulsar timing, fast transient searches and solar radio observations?", "Which authoritative conventions and reference sources should ground frequency frames, time standards, polarization definitions and flux calibration for each supported mode?", "Which quality and detection criteria can be shared across investigations, and which must remain explicitly defined by each scientific objective?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 11, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a radio astronomy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise radio astronomy activities, assess whether their observations support the intended scientific use, and determine justified next actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: amateur radioastronomy.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a radio astronomy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "amateur radioastronomy" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one radio astronomy from another, and a radio astronomy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a radio astronomy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a radio astronomy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a radio astronomy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a radio astronomy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a radio astronomy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a radio astronomy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a radio astronomy says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a radio astronomy contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a radio astronomy and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What radio astronomy studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does radio astronomy take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does radio astronomy establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where radio astronomy is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark radio astronomy as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place radio astronomy, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a radio astronomy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a radio astronomy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a radio astronomy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a radio astronomy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a radio astronomy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a radio astronomy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }