{ "model": { "rank": 412, "code": "thing-q432", "model_id": "vr.tr.islam", "name": "Islam", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Islam accurately and neutrally, using the tradition own sources and scholarship, respecting diversity within it and avoiding stereotypes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q432/", "tier": 2, "score": 336, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "salafist", "Maori Muslims", "Jamia Ahmadiyya", "Islam on the Earth", "Shia Islam in the Arab world", "Salafism in Kazakhstan", "Hanafi madhhab in Kazakhstan", "Ahmadiyya in Japan", "Shia Islam in Africa", "Sunni Islam in Iraq", "Shia Islam in Iraq", "Ahmadiyya in China", "Shia Islam in India", "Shi'a Islam in Nigeria", "Ahmadiyya in Nigeria", "Ahmadiyya in Ghana", "Ahmadiyya in Poland", "Ahmadiyya in Belgium", "Salafism in the Netherlands", "Shia Islam in the Netherlands", "Ahmadiyya in Indonesia", "Shia Islam in Indonesia", "Ahmadiyya in Norway", "Ahmadiyya in the United Kingdom", "Ahmadiyya in Sweden", "Shia Islam in South Africa", "Ahmadiyya in Morocco", "Shia Islam in Turkey", "Ahmadiyya in Israel", "Shia Islam in Angola", "Ahmadiyya in Spain", "Ahmadiyya in the Republic of Ireland", "Ahmadiyya in the United States", "Shia Islam in Yemen", "Ahmadiyya in Kyrgyzstan", "Shia Islam in Kuwait", "Ahmadiyya in Burkina Faso", "Shia Islam in Burkina Faso", "Ahmadiyya in Afghanistan", "Shia Islam in Afghanistan" ], "aliasCount": 142, "merged": 143, "knownIn": 336, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q432", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:54:41Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q432", "registryId": "vr.tr.islam", "name": "Islam", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q432/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.islam", "name": "Islam", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Islam accurately and neutrally, using the tradition own sources and scholarship, respecting diversity within it and avoiding stereotypes.", "definition": "An Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, practised by nearly two billion Muslims in traditions including Sunni and Shia Islam and many schools of law and thought.", "what_it_is_for": "Islam gives its adherents faith, worship, ethics, law and community.", "affordances": [ "practise it", "study it, in Islamic and religious studies", "protect freedom of religion for Muslims", "engage respectfully in dialogue" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Monotheistic, Abrahamic", "Quran and Sunna as central sources", "Major branches: Sunni and Shia, with others", "Great diversity across regions and schools" ], "appearance": "Mosques, the Quran, prayer, festivals such as Eid, and diverse cultural expressions.", "visual_identification": [ "Mosques and calls to prayer", "The Quran and hadith collections", "Branches and movements named by adherents and scholars" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "adherents", "typical_range": "about 1.9-2", "unit": "billion", "note": "recent estimates vary by source" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Sunni Islam and its schools of law", "Shia Islam and its branches", "Sufism", "Ibadi Islam", "reform and revival movements" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "religion", "why": "tradition" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Judaism and Christianity", "why": "Abrahamic religions" }, { "relation": "has", "target": "mosque", "why": "places of worship" }, { "relation": "is protected by", "target": "freedom of religion or belief", "why": "law" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata item", "value_or_pattern": "Q432", "note": "cross-reference" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ICCPR Article 18", "National law on religious organisations", "Equality and anti-discrimination law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Stereotyping Muslims", "Conflating extremist groups with the religion", "Presenting one school as the whole tradition", "Processing religious data without a lawful basis" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sources-and-beliefs", "name": "Sources and beliefs", "description": "Core teachings.", "rationale": "Beliefs must be stated from recognised sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "sources", "name": "Sources", "description": "Quran, Sunna, scholarship.", "findings": [ { "id": "sources-finding", "name": "Sources", "description": "Authoritative sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources does this teaching rest on?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do schools differ on it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "beliefs", "name": "Beliefs", "description": "Core tenets.", "findings": [ { "id": "beliefs-finding", "name": "Beliefs", "description": "Core beliefs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the core beliefs, as adherents describe them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which are shared across branches?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Worship and life.", "rationale": "Practice varies across communities.", "layers": [ { "id": "worship", "name": "Worship", "description": "Prayer, fasting, pilgrimage.", "findings": [ { "id": "worship-finding", "name": "Worship", "description": "Practices.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main practices?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "When are the major festivals this year?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law and ethics", "description": "Sharia and schools.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Religious law and ethics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does a given school of law say, according to its scholars?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where do views differ?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "diversity", "name": "Diversity", "description": "Branches and cultures.", "rationale": "Islam is diverse.", "layers": [ { "id": "branches", "name": "Branches", "description": "Sunni, Shia, others.", "findings": [ { "id": "branches-finding", "name": "Branches", "description": "Branches.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which branch or school is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How do its adherents describe it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regions", "name": "Regions", "description": "Cultural expressions.", "findings": [ { "id": "regions-finding", "name": "Regions", "description": "Regional variety.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is Islam practised in this region?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which local traditions exist?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling", "name": "Handling", "description": "Neutral and respectful.", "rationale": "Religion requires care.", "layers": [ { "id": "neutrality", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Fair description.", "findings": [ { "id": "neutrality-finding", "name": "Neutrality", "description": "Fair description.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the description fair to Muslims and accurate to scholarship?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Does it avoid generalising from extremists?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Freedom and discrimination.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "Protections.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protections against discrimination apply?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Where can people report hate crime?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should branches and schools be separate entries?", "How should agents cite tradition sources alongside scholarship?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific movements and regions; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Islam, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe Islam accurately and neutrally, using the tradition own sources and scholarship, respecting diversity within it and avoiding stereotypes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: salafist, Maori Muslims, Jamia Ahmadiyya, Islam on the Earth, Shia Islam in the Arab world, Salafism in Kazakhstan, Hanafi madhhab in Kazakhstan, Ahmadiyya in Japan, Shia Islam in Africa, Sunni Islam in Iraq, Shia Islam in Iraq, Ahmadiyya in China.", "143 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 336 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Islam, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "salafist", "Maori Muslims", "Jamia Ahmadiyya", "Islam on the Earth", "Shia Islam in the Arab world", "Salafism in Kazakhstan", "Hanafi madhhab in Kazakhstan", "Ahmadiyya in Japan", "Shia Islam in Africa", "Sunni Islam in Iraq", "Shia Islam in Iraq", "Ahmadiyya in China" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 336 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 143 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Islam from another, and a Islam from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Islam sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Islam from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Islam passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Islam between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Islam, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Islam is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Islam.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Islam and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Islam, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Islam and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Islam sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What Islam is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does Islam take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of Islam, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in Islam and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of Islam may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does Islam have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Islam came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Islam and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Islam is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Islam, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Islam, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Islam is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }