{ "model": { "rank": 1953, "code": "thing-q43200", "model_id": "vr.tr.bisexuality", "name": "bisexuality", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bisexuality respectfully and factually, relay definitions, related identities, history of research, community and legal context from sexuality research, health and human rights sources with contested views attributed, route people facing violence or crisis to support, describe the named terms, and distinguish bisexuality from pansexuality, sexual behaviour without identity, gender identity and polyamory, without stereotypes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q43200/", "tier": 2, "score": 120, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "male bisexuality", "female bisexuality", "bisexuality by country", "innate bisexuality", "homoflexibility", "bi-curious", "heteroflexibility", "biromantic" ], "aliasCount": 8, "merged": 8, "knownIn": 120, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.bisexuality", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q43200", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43200", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:11:04Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q43200", "registryId": "vr.tr.bisexuality", "name": "bisexuality", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q43200/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bisexuality", "name": "bisexuality", "purpose": "Let an agent explain bisexuality respectfully and factually, relay definitions, related identities, history of research, community and legal context from sexuality research, health and human rights sources with contested views attributed, route people facing violence or crisis to support, describe the named terms, and distinguish bisexuality from pansexuality, sexual behaviour without identity, gender identity and polyamory, without stereotypes.", "definition": "A sexual orientation involving romantic or sexual attraction to more than one gender, often described as attraction to both men and women or to people of the same and other genders, with related terms the registry aliases name such as male and female bisexuality, bi-curious, describing interest in exploring attraction beyond one s usual orientation, and homoflexible, describing mainly same-sex attraction with some flexibility; innate bisexuality refers to a historical theory associated with Freud and others that all humans have bisexual potential, and bisexuality by country is a topic rather than a kind. Research such as Kinsey s scales of 1948 and 1953 described sexuality on a continuum, and bisexual people face specific stigma and invisibility, described as bi erasure. Legal treatment of LGBTQ people differs widely by country, and people facing discrimination, violence or crisis can contact support services.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a sexual orientation.", "affordances": [ "explain definitions respectfully", "relay research history", "describe related terms", "relay community, legal context and support routing" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Attraction to multiple genders", "Continuum views in research", "Bi erasure issues", "Distinct community identity" ], "appearance": "Not a visible trait; an orientation, sometimes symbolised by the bisexual pride flag of pink, purple and blue.", "visual_identification": [ "Attraction to more than one gender", "Male bisexuality, female bisexuality, bisexuality by country, innate bisexuality, homoflexibility, bi-curious", "Pansexuality emphasises attraction regardless of gender; behaviour may differ from identity; gender identity is one s own gender; polyamory concerns relationship structure" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Kinsey scale publications", "typical_range": "1948 and 1953", "unit": "years", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "bisexual pride flag", "typical_range": "1998", "unit": "year", "note": "Michael Page" }, { "quantity": "Celebrate Bisexuality Day", "typical_range": "23 September", "unit": "date", "note": "since 1999" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "bisexual identity", "bi-curious identity", "homoflexible and heteroflexible identities", "historical theories of innate bisexuality" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sexual orientation", "why": "related" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "pansexuality", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is described by", "target": "Kinsey scale", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "polyamory", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Yogyakarta Principles", "Anti-discrimination laws, which vary by country", "WHO removal of homosexuality from ICD in 1990" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Stereotyping or sexualising bisexual people", "Bi erasure", "Stale or partisan framing of legal status by country" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What bisexuality is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is bisexuality, and how does it differ from pansexuality, behaviour without identity, gender identity and polyamory?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is someone facing violence, threats or a mental health crisis, in which case contact emergency services or an LGBTQ support helpline?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "Named terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terms", "description": "Terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do bi-curious, homoflexible and male and female bisexuality mean, and what was the theory of innate bisexuality?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific term?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "kinsey", "name": "Kinsey", "description": "Kinsey and continuum views.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinsey-finding", "name": "Kinsey", "description": "Kinsey.", "questions": [ { "text": "What did Kinsey s research claim, and how has it been critiqued, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surveys", "name": "Surveys", "description": "Identification surveys.", "findings": [ { "id": "surveys-finding", "name": "Surveys", "description": "Surveys.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do national surveys report about bisexual identification, with figures attributed and checked against current sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "community", "name": "Community", "description": "Community and health.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "erasure", "name": "Bi erasure", "description": "Invisibility and stigma.", "findings": [ { "id": "erasure-finding", "name": "Bi erasure", "description": "Bi erasure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is bi erasure, and what do advocates and researchers report about its effects?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral, respectful and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health", "name": "Health", "description": "Health disparities.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-finding", "name": "Health", "description": "Health.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do health studies report about mental health disparities among bisexual people, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits minority stress?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Law and history.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal status.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do laws on same-sex relationships and discrimination vary by country, checked against current sources with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement", "name": "Movement", "description": "Bisexual movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-finding", "name": "Movement", "description": "Movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did bisexual advocacy organisations and symbols develop?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits bisexual pride flag?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias bisexuality by country should be moved to a topic entry", "Should innate bisexuality be moved to history of psychology entries?", "How should survey data on identification be attributed and kept current?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bisexuality, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain bisexuality respectfully and factually, relay definitions, related identities, history of research, community and legal context from sexuality research, health and human rights sources with contested views attributed, route people facing violence or crisis to support, describe the named terms, and distinguish bisexuality from pansexuality, sexual behaviour without identity, gender identity and polyamory, without stereotypes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: male bisexuality, female bisexuality, bisexuality by country, innate bisexuality, homoflexibility, bi-curious, heteroflexibility, biromantic.", "8 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 120 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bisexuality, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "male bisexuality", "female bisexuality", "bisexuality by country", "innate bisexuality", "homoflexibility", "bi-curious", "heteroflexibility", "biromantic" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 120 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 8 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bisexuality from another, and a bisexuality from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bisexuality sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bisexuality from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bisexuality passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bisexuality between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bisexuality, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bisexuality is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a bisexuality proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a bisexuality, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a bisexuality and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a bisexuality consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a bisexuality takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bisexuality is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bisexuality are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bisexuality operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bisexuality and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bisexuality?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bisexuality?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bisexuality came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bisexuality and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bisexuality is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bisexuality, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bisexuality, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bisexuality is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }