{ "model": { "rank": 2816, "code": "thing-q44595", "model_id": "vr.tr.cannibalism", "name": "cannibalism", "purpose": "Let an agent explain cannibalism non-graphically, relay animal ecology, archaeological evidence, anthropological and historical cases and ethical and legal context from biological, anthropological and historical sources with contested claims attributed, describe the named forms, and distinguish cannibalism from predation, necrophagy by other species, ritual symbolism and fictional depictions, without sensational detail.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q44595/", "tier": 2, "score": 96, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "worm bagging", "cannibalism in animals", "adelphophagy", "spider cannibalism", "Homo antecessor cannibalism", "endocannibalism", "exocannibalism", "cannibalism in poultry", "child cannibalism", "gastronomic cannibalism", "self-cannibalism", "filial cannibalism" ], "aliasCount": 12, "merged": 12, "knownIn": 96, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q44595", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44595", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-14T01:19:28Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q44595", "registryId": "vr.tr.cannibalism", "name": "cannibalism", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q44595/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cannibalism", "name": "cannibalism", "purpose": "Let an agent explain cannibalism non-graphically, relay animal ecology, archaeological evidence, anthropological and historical cases and ethical and legal context from biological, anthropological and historical sources with contested claims attributed, describe the named forms, and distinguish cannibalism from predation, necrophagy by other species, ritual symbolism and fictional depictions, without sensational detail.", "definition": "The act of an organism eating all or part of another individual of the same species, widespread in animals, including forms the registry aliases name such as sexual cannibalism in spiders and mantises, adelphophagy, where embryos eat siblings in the womb as in sand tiger sharks, and worm bagging, where nematode larvae hatch inside and consume the parent; in humans, cannibalism has occurred in survival situations, in some funerary practices such as endocannibalism among the Fore of Papua New Guinea, linked to the spread of kuru, and possibly in prehistory, as archaeologists interpret cut-marked Homo antecessor bones from Gran Dolina in Spain. Historical accusations of cannibalism were also used to dehumanise peoples and justify colonial violence, and scholars debate many reports, so claims are attributed. It is described here non-graphically, and acts involving human remains are crimes in most jurisdictions.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a behaviour studied in biology and anthropology.", "affordances": [ "explain animal cannibalism", "relay archaeological and anthropological evidence", "describe named forms", "present contested historical claims with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Same-species consumption", "Common in animals", "Rare and contested in humans", "Used as a dehumanising accusation" ], "appearance": "Not described graphically; observed in animal behaviour studies and inferred from archaeological remains.", "visual_identification": [ "Eating members of the same species", "Worm bagging, cannibalism in animals, adelphophagy, spider cannibalism, Homo antecessor cannibalism, endocannibalism", "Predation targets other species; necrophagy is eating carrion; ritual symbolism may not involve eating; fiction depicts imagined acts" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Gran Dolina TD6 remains", "typical_range": "about 800,000 years ago", "unit": "note", "note": "interpretation attributed" }, { "quantity": "kuru and Fore funerary practices", "typical_range": "studied from the 1950s", "unit": "note", "note": "Nobel 1976 to Gajdusek" }, { "quantity": "registry parents", "typical_range": "feeding behaviour, predation", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "sexual cannibalism", "filial and sibling cannibalism", "survival cannibalism", "funerary endocannibalism", "prehistoric cannibalism" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "feeding behavior", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "sexual cannibalism", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is linked to", "target": "kuru", "why": "Fore funerary practices" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "predation", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Laws on treatment of human remains", "Ethics of research with Indigenous communities" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Graphic or sensational content", "Repeating colonial stereotypes as fact", "Prion disease risk from consuming human tissue" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What cannibalism is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is cannibalism, and how does it differ from predation, necrophagy, ritual symbolism and fiction?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Does the question involve a crime or someone at risk, in which case contact police or emergency services, with no graphic detail given?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Named forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are sexual cannibalism in spiders, adelphophagy, worm bagging, endocannibalism and the Homo antecessor evidence?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biology", "name": "Biology", "description": "Animal cannibalism.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "ecology", "name": "Ecology", "description": "Ecological causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "ecology-finding", "name": "Ecology", "description": "Ecology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why does cannibalism occur in animals under food stress or competition, as ecologists report?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sexual", "name": "Sexual cannibalism", "description": "Sexual cannibalism.", "findings": [ { "id": "sexual-finding", "name": "Sexual cannibalism", "description": "Sexual cannibalism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hypotheses explain sexual cannibalism in spiders and mantises?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "anthropology", "name": "Anthropology", "description": "Human cases.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "kuru", "name": "Kuru", "description": "Fore and kuru.", "findings": [ { "id": "kuru-finding", "name": "Kuru", "description": "Kuru.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did research link Fore funerary practices to kuru, and how did the disease decline?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits kuru?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "archaeology", "name": "Archaeology", "description": "Prehistoric evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "archaeology-finding", "name": "Archaeology", "description": "Archaeology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do archaeologists interpret cut marks as evidence, and what alternative explanations exist, with views attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and culture.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "colonial", "name": "Colonial accusations", "description": "Accusations as propaganda.", "findings": [ { "id": "colonial-finding", "name": "Colonial accusations", "description": "Colonial accusations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were cannibalism accusations used to justify colonisation, and what do historians such as William Arens and critics argue, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "survival", "name": "Survival", "description": "Survival cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "survival-finding", "name": "Survival", "description": "Survival.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have survival cases such as the 1972 Andes flight disaster been discussed ethically, without graphic detail?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should animal and human cannibalism be separate entries?", "How should contested historical reports be attributed consistently?", "Should worm bagging be moved to nematode biology entries?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cannibalism, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain cannibalism non-graphically, relay animal ecology, archaeological evidence, anthropological and historical cases and ethical and legal context from biological, anthropological and historical sources with contested claims attributed, describe the named forms, and distinguish cannibalism from predation, necrophagy by other species, ritual symbolism and fictional depictions, without sensational detail.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: worm bagging, cannibalism in animals, adelphophagy, spider cannibalism, Homo antecessor cannibalism, endocannibalism, exocannibalism, cannibalism in poultry, child cannibalism, gastronomic cannibalism, self-cannibalism, filial cannibalism.", "12 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 96 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cannibalism, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "worm bagging", "cannibalism in animals", "adelphophagy", "spider cannibalism", "Homo antecessor cannibalism", "endocannibalism", "exocannibalism", "cannibalism in poultry", "child cannibalism", "gastronomic cannibalism", "self-cannibalism", "filial cannibalism" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 96 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 12 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cannibalism from another, and a cannibalism from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cannibalism sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cannibalism from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cannibalism passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cannibalism between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cannibalism, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cannibalism is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a cannibalism proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a cannibalism, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a cannibalism and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a cannibalism consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a cannibalism takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What cannibalism is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of cannibalism are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is cannibalism operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of cannibalism and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of cannibalism?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as cannibalism?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cannibalism came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cannibalism and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cannibalism is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cannibalism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cannibalism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cannibalism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }