{ "model": { "rank": 2605, "code": "thing-q44722", "model_id": "vr.tr.hebrew-calendar", "name": "Hebrew calendar", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Hebrew calendar regime, assess whether a date or calendar calculation is valid and sufficiently specified, and determine which conversions or scheduling actions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q44722/", "tier": 2, "score": 101, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Rosh Chodesh" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 101, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q44722", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44722", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:19:44Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00925378, "turns": 1, "seconds": 155.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b5e-9462-71f1-bdd6-5a345760237e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Hebrew calendar\nRegistry id: vr.tr.hebrew-calendar\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q44722", "registryId": "vr.tr.hebrew-calendar", "name": "Hebrew calendar", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q44722/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.hebrew-calendar", "name": "Hebrew calendar", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Hebrew calendar regime, assess whether a date or calendar calculation is valid and sufficiently specified, and determine which conversions or scheduling actions are justified.", "definition": "The Hebrew calendar is the lunisolar calendar of rabbinic Judaism: months follow a conventional mean lunar conjunction (the molad), years are kept near the solar seasons by inserting a second Adar in seven years of a nineteen-year cycle, and 1 Tishrei is further constrained by weekday postponement rules (deḥiyyot), with years numbered from a conventional era of creation (Anno Mundi).", "scope_statement": "This model owns the Hebrew calendar as a system of date reckoning: its governing regime, year and month structure, day boundaries, date validity, conversion rules, and interfaces to observance schedules.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the calendar tradition, governing rules, and historical applicability", "Year numbering, leap-year status, month sequence, and variable year lengths", "Hebrew date expressions, month-name aliases, and date validity", "Day boundaries and the location and time assumptions required to assign a date", "Conversion to other calendars and scheduling of Hebrew-date recurrences", "Calendar-derived observance dates and dependencies on community conventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Religious obligations, permissions, and authoritative rulings about observance", "Liturgical texts and synagogue service procedures", "General astronomy, solar-position calculation, and lunar ephemerides", "Civil time-zone administration and the internal rules of other calendars", "Personal life events and historical events dated using the calendar" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Test whether the rules coordinate lunar months with the solar year through intercalation; a purely lunar calendar without this adjustment is a different system.", "For the standard fixed Hebrew calendar, test whether leap years follow the specified seven positions in a 19-year cycle and introduce an additional Adar month.", "Test whether the system distinguishes the Tishrei year-number transition from month numbering that begins with Nisan.", "Test whether date assignment accounts for the Hebrew day's evening boundary rather than assuming a midnight rollover.", "Test whether fixed-calendar calculations account for postponement rules and variable Cheshvan and Kislev lengths; alternating month lengths alone do not identify a valid Hebrew year." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Calendar regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Standard fixed rabbinic calendar; historically attested observational regime; other explicitly identified tradition; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which rules may be used and whether a computed date represents historical practice or a retrospective calculation." }, { "name": "Rule authority and applicability", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Relationship to an identified rule source, community or authority, and period of applicability", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to justify a calculation and detect conflicting conventions." }, { "name": "Hebrew year and era", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Integer year with an explicit era and policy for omitted thousands", "why_it_matters": "Prevents ambiguous year expressions from silently resolving to the wrong date." }, { "name": "Metonic cycle position", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Position 1-19 under an explicitly stated fixed-calendar indexing convention", "why_it_matters": "Supports checking whether the year requires an intercalary month." }, { "name": "Year structure", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Common or leap; deficient, regular, or complete; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines the available months and their lengths under the standard fixed calendar." }, { "name": "Month identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named Hebrew month, distinguishing Adar in a common year from Adar I and Adar II in a leap year", "why_it_matters": "Prevents month-number conventions and Adar ambiguity from corrupting date matching or recurrence." }, { "name": "Day-boundary context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Relationship to location, time zone, solar-boundary method, and treatment of twilight", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an instant can be assigned a Hebrew date with sufficient confidence." }, { "name": "Date resolution state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Valid and resolved; invalid; incomplete; convention-dependent; boundary-ambiguous", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether the agent may convert or schedule directly, must return alternatives, or must request clarification." } ], "affordances": [ "Validate a Hebrew date against its identified calendar regime and year structure.", "Normalize Hebrew-script and transliterated date expressions while retaining unresolved ambiguity.", "Convert dates or instants with explicit calendar, location, and day-boundary assumptions.", "Compute month sequences and calendar-derived dates using an identified rule set.", "Schedule Hebrew-date recurrences using an explicit Adar and missing-day policy.", "Compare competing date assignments and explain which assumptions cause the difference." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wp-hebrew-calendar", "title": "Hebrew calendar - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar", "what_it_supports": "Structure of the lunisolar year, month names, 19-year intercalary cycle, postponement rules, Anno Mundi epoch, and the distinction between calculated and observational practice.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "dershowitz-reingold", "title": "Calendrical Calculations - Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold, Cambridge University Press", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Canonical computational statement of molad arithmetic, year-length classes, conversion to and from the Gregorian calendar, and the mean lunation of 29 days 12 hours 793 chalakim." }, { "id": "rambam-kiddush-hachodesh", "title": "Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Kiddush HaChodesh - Moses Maimonides (standard printed and Sefaria texts)", "url": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishneh_Torah%2C_Sanctification_of_the_New_Month", "what_it_supports": "Classical rabbinic formulation of sanctification of the month, intercalation, and the calculated calendar's mean-motion parameters.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "uts35-ldml", "title": "Unicode Technical Standard #35 (LDML) - Unicode Consortium", "url": "https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/", "what_it_supports": "Machine identifier hebrew / BCP 47 u-ca-hebrew used in locale data, ICU, and software calendars.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "calendar-regime-and-authority", "name": "Calendar Regime and Authority", "description": "Identify which Hebrew calendar rules a representation or calculation claims to follow.", "rationale": "The name Hebrew calendar alone does not establish historical applicability or authorize using one tradition's rules for another.", "layers": [ { "id": "fixed-and-historical-reckoning", "name": "Fixed and Historical Reckoning", "description": "Separate the standard fixed calendar from historical or otherwise distinct methods of establishing dates.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-hebrew-calendar-regime", "name": "Applicable Hebrew Calendar Regime", "description": "Record the intended regime and distinguish reconstruction of an attested date from retrospective application of fixed rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this use the standard fixed rabbinic calendar, an identified observational practice, or another specified Hebrew calendar tradition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "applicable-hebrew-calendar-regime-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports applying that regime to the community and period being represented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-hebrew-calendar-regime-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rule-sources-and-calculation-authority", "name": "Rule Sources and Calculation Authority", "description": "Establish which sources and implementations support the calendar's operational rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-calendar-rules", "name": "Traceable Calendar Rules", "description": "Associate leap-year, molad, postponement, and month-length rules with identifiable sources and implementation conventions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source specifies the leap-year cycle, molad arithmetic, and postponement rules used here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-calendar-rules-q01" }, { "text": "When a calendar table and an implementation disagree, what evidence or designated authority determines which result the agent may use?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-calendar-rules-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hebrew-year-and-month-structure", "name": "Hebrew Year and Month Structure", "description": "Represent the interdependent rules that determine year identity, intercalation, month order, and valid dates.", "rationale": "Hebrew date validity depends on the particular year's structure rather than a single permanent list of month lengths.", "layers": [ { "id": "year-numbering-and-intercalation", "name": "Year Numbering and Intercalation", "description": "Resolve year expressions and establish the applicable leap-year status.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-year-and-cycle-position", "name": "Resolved Year and Cycle Position", "description": "Record the era, full year number, Tishrei transition, and cycle convention needed to determine intercalation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What full year and era does the expression denote, particularly when thousands are omitted?", "kind": "definition", "id": "resolved-year-and-cycle-position-q01" }, { "text": "Under the selected fixed-calendar convention, what is the year's position in the 19-year cycle and is it common or leap?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-year-and-cycle-position-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "month-identity-and-year-shape", "name": "Month Identity and Year Shape", "description": "Resolve month names and derive the valid sequence and lengths for a particular year.", "findings": [ { "id": "valid-month-and-day-combination", "name": "Valid Month and Day Combination", "description": "Distinguish Nisan-based numbering from Tishrei-based ordering, resolve Adar identity, and check dates against year-specific month lengths.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which named month does the supplied label or number identify, and does an unqualified Adar require clarification in this year?", "kind": "definition", "id": "valid-month-and-day-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Do the calculated year length and Cheshvan and Kislev lengths permit this month-and-day combination?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "valid-month-and-day-combination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "day-boundaries-and-date-conversion", "name": "Day Boundaries and Date Conversion", "description": "Control how Hebrew dates relate to local evenings, civil dates, and precise instants.", "rationale": "A civil date and a Hebrew date overlap across different boundaries, so conversion can be ambiguous even when calendar arithmetic is correct.", "layers": [ { "id": "local-evening-boundary", "name": "Local Evening Boundary", "description": "Capture the geographic and interpretive context required near the transition between Hebrew dates.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-or-ambiguous-day-assignment", "name": "Resolved or Ambiguous Day Assignment", "description": "Record location and boundary conventions, including whether twilight leaves a date assignment unresolved for the intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which location, time zone, and solar-boundary calculation apply to this instant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-or-ambiguous-day-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the instant fall in a twilight interval or exceptional geographic situation for which the intended use requires a specified convention?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resolved-or-ambiguous-day-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversion-semantics", "name": "Conversion Semantics", "description": "Distinguish conversion of date labels from conversion of timed events and historical date assertions.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-conversion-contract", "name": "Explicit Conversion Contract", "description": "Record the input's precision, the other calendar's identity, and whether the result denotes a conventional date correspondence or an interval of instants.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the input a Hebrew date label, a local civil date, or a timestamp, and is the other calendar Gregorian, Julian, or explicitly something else?", "kind": "definition", "id": "explicit-conversion-contract-q01" }, { "text": "May the agent return one corresponding date, or must it return an interval or alternatives because time, location, or historical convention is missing?", "kind": "action", "id": "explicit-conversion-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hebrew-date-scheduling-and-observance-interfaces", "name": "Hebrew-Date Scheduling and Observance Interfaces", "description": "Support recurring dates and calendar-derived observance schedules while identifying conventions that require external authority.", "rationale": "Hebrew-date recurrence and observance scheduling depend on Adar choices, absent month days, and community-specific rules that date arithmetic alone cannot resolve.", "layers": [ { "id": "adar-and-missing-day-recurrence", "name": "Adar and Missing-Day Recurrence", "description": "Make recurrence policies explicit when the target year differs structurally from the original year.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorized-hebrew-anniversary-policy", "name": "Authorized Hebrew Anniversary Policy", "description": "Record the purpose and governing policy for moving an anniversary between common and leap years or into a month lacking the original day.", "questions": [ { "text": "For this recurrence's purpose, which Adar is used when moving between common and leap years, and who or what supplies that policy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorized-hebrew-anniversary-policy-q01" }, { "text": "If the original day does not exist in the target month, should the agent apply a specified adjustment, omit the occurrence, or leave it unresolved?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorized-hebrew-anniversary-policy-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "observance-date-conventions", "name": "Observance Date Conventions", "description": "Separate nominal Hebrew dates from scheduled observance dates and from religious instructions about those observances.", "findings": [ { "id": "calendar-derived-observance-schedule", "name": "Calendar-Derived Observance Schedule", "description": "Associate observance-date calculations with the applicable community, Israel or diaspora convention, and any sourced date-adjustment rule.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which community and Israel or diaspora convention govern the requested observance schedule?", "kind": "definition", "id": "calendar-derived-observance-schedule-q01" }, { "text": "Is the requested result a nominal calendar date or an adjusted observance date, and which sourced rule permits any adjustment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "calendar-derived-observance-schedule-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fixed arithmetic rabbinic calendar (the calculated luach in general use since late antiquity / the early medieval period)", "Observational court calendar (months sanctified by crescent sighting, as in the Temple and Sanhedrin era)", "Karaite calendar (still observation-based and not bound to rabbinic postponements)", "Common 12-month year versus embolismic 13-month leap year", "Deficient, regular, and complete year lengths (353/354/355 or 383/384/385 days)", "Tishrei-start civil and festival year versus Nisan-start biblical/regnal year", "Israeli statutory holiday calendar (one-day festivals, except Rosh Hashanah) versus diaspora liturgical calendar (yom tov sheni)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q41487", "note": "Item for the Hebrew (Jewish) calendar as a calendar system." }, { "scheme": "Unicode CLDR / BCP 47 calendar", "value_or_pattern": "hebrew (u-ca-hebrew)", "note": "Unicode calendar identifier used in locale tags and CLDR/ICU." }, { "scheme": "Microsoft .NET calendar type", "value_or_pattern": "System.Globalization.HebrewCalendar; CAL_HEBREW = 8", "note": "Windows/CLR civil calendar implementation of the calculated rabbinic calendar." }, { "scheme": "Anno Mundi year number", "value_or_pattern": "AM n (currently 5786 as of 2026-09-07, becoming 5787 at 1 Tishrei)", "note": "Era count from the conventional epoch of creation, not a catalogue code." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Rabbinic calculated calendar as codified in Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Kiddush HaChodesh (not a modern standards body, but the operative arithmetic source).", "Talmud Bavli, tractate Rosh Hashanah, and Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim - halakhic rules for months, festivals, and when the date changes (sunset).", "Hours of Work and Rest Law, 5711-1951 (Israel) - Shabbat and Jewish festivals as public rest days, dated on the Hebrew calendar.", "Israeli civil status, population registry, and rabbinical-court practice - Hebrew dates on official documents and for Jewish personal-status law.", "Unicode Technical Standard #35 (Unicode Consortium) - locale calendar type hebrew for software representation, not for the religious rules themselves." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Sets the dates of Shabbat-adjacent festivals, fasts, and the weekly Torah reading cycle in synagogues worldwide.", "Printed and digital luachot (wall, pocket, and app calendars) used in Jewish homes, schools, and Israeli public life, usually showing Gregorian and Hebrew dates together.", "Israeli government, schools, banks, and media announce public holidays and many events by Hebrew date (e.g. 5 Iyar Independence Day, 10 Tishrei Yom Kippur).", "Ketubot, gravestones, yahrzeit records, bar/bat mitzvah invitations, and many Jewish legal documents are dated in AM years and Hebrew months.", "Software localization (CLDR/ICU, phone calendars, .NET HebrewCalendar) converts civil dates for Jewish users and for Israeli holiday tables." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mean month (molad interval)", "typical_range": "29 days, 12 hours, 793 chalakim (exactly that conventional mean)", "unit": "day (and chelek)" }, { "quantity": "Hour subdivision", "typical_range": "1080 chalakim per hour; 1 chelek = 10/3 seconds", "unit": "chelek" }, { "quantity": "Month length", "typical_range": "29 or 30", "unit": "day" }, { "quantity": "Common year length", "typical_range": "353, 354, or 355", "unit": "day" }, { "quantity": "Leap year length", "typical_range": "383, 384, or 385", "unit": "day" }, { "quantity": "Intercalary cycle", "typical_range": "235 months in 19 years; leap years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19 of the cycle", "unit": "month / year" }, { "quantity": "Anno Mundi year number", "typical_range": "about 5786-5787 in 2026 CE; epoch near 3761/3760 BCE", "unit": "AM year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "The mean molad slowly diverges from the true astronomical conjunction, so over millennia seasons and lunar phase will drift relative to the fixed arithmetic calendar.", "Software that assumes twelve months, midnight date change, or Gregorian leap rules mis-converts Hebrew dates, especially around Rosh Hashanah, Cheshvan/Kislev, and Adar.", "Leap-year anniversary errors: birthdays, yahrzeits, and bar mitzvah calculations in Adar I versus Adar II are a recurring communal and software failure.", "Sunset-to-sunset day boundary (and disputed nightfall definitions) makes the 'current' Hebrew date depend on location and custom, unlike civil midnight.", "Diaspora second-day festival (yom tov sheni) versus Israeli one-day practice causes travel, calendar-app, and food-preparation mistakes.", "Postponement rules (deḥiyyot) make 1 Tishrei not always fall on the molad weekday, which people treat as a bug rather than a rule." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Israel observes biblical festivals for one day (Rosh Hashanah two days everywhere); the diaspora adds a second festival day.", "Hebrew month-name pronunciation and Latin spelling differ by community (Tishrei/Tishri, Cheshvan/Marcheshvan, Tevet/Tebeth).", "Nightfall used to close the date (degrees below horizon, 72 minutes, 42 minutes, and other customs) varies by community and latitude.", "Karaite communities (Israel, former Soviet Union, diaspora) reject the calculated rabbinic luach and sight the new moon.", "Reform and some liberal communities often drop yom tov sheni outside Israel; Orthodox diaspora practice retains it.", "Israeli public documents routinely carry a Hebrew date; most other states do not." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Islamic (Hijri) calendar", "difference": "Purely lunar with no leap month, so it slips through the seasons; the Hebrew calendar intercalates to keep Nisan in spring." }, { "name": "Gregorian calendar", "difference": "Solar civil calendar with midnight day boundary and February leap days; the Hebrew calendar is lunisolar, changes date at sunset, and leap-inserts a month, not a day." }, { "name": "Chinese lunisolar calendar", "difference": "Also Metonic-related and lunisolar, but uses different epoch, leap-month placement, solar terms, and month numbering; it is not the Jewish festival calendar." }, { "name": "Samaritan calendar", "difference": "Related Levantine lunisolar practice with its own epoch, sighting/calculation rules, and festivals; not the rabbinic luach." }, { "name": "Babylonian calendar", "difference": "Historical ancestor sharing month names (Nisanu, Tammuz, Elul, etc.) and lunisolar intercalation, but not Anno Mundi numbering or deḥiyyot." }, { "name": "Julian calendar", "difference": "Solar Christian/civil calendar of 365.25-day mean year; used in some churches and in historical Jewish-civil conversions, not for Jewish months." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Hebrew calendar this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to own only the standard fixed rabbinic calendar or also historical and other Hebrew calendar regimes?", "Which authoritative sources and independent reference calculations should establish the supported fixed-calendar rules and conversion range?", "For which historical periods can date assignments be supported as attested practice, and where must results be labeled retrospective or uncertain?", "Which conventions should govern twilight, high-latitude conditions, and geographic date-boundary disputes for the intended applications?", "Which recurrence and observance-date policies may this model apply directly, and which require a linked community or religious-authority model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Hebrew calendar, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Hebrew calendar regime, assess whether a date or calendar calculation is valid and sufficiently specified, and determine which conversions or scheduling actions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Rosh Chodesh.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Hebrew calendar, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Rosh Chodesh" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Hebrew calendar from another, and a Hebrew calendar from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Hebrew calendar sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Hebrew calendar from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Hebrew calendar passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Hebrew calendar between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Hebrew calendar, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Hebrew calendar is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Hebrew calendar says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Hebrew calendar contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Hebrew calendar and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What Hebrew calendar studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does Hebrew calendar take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does Hebrew calendar establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where Hebrew calendar is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark Hebrew calendar as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place Hebrew calendar, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Hebrew calendar came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Hebrew calendar and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Hebrew calendar is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Hebrew calendar, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Hebrew calendar, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Hebrew calendar is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }