{ "model": { "rank": 2136, "code": "thing-q45108", "model_id": "vr.tr.linum-usitatissimum", "name": "Linum usitatissimum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Linum usitatissimum, assess its development and condition, and select justified propagation, care, harvest or containment actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q45108/", "tier": 2, "score": 114, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 114, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q45108", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45108", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:04:57Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00962914, "turns": 1, "seconds": 140.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 96.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b4f-a4d5-7170-a389-165ee2f655dd\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Linum usitatissimum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.linum-usitatissimum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q45108", "registryId": "vr.tr.linum-usitatissimum", "name": "Linum usitatissimum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q45108/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.linum-usitatissimum", "name": "Linum usitatissimum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Linum usitatissimum, assess its development and condition, and select justified propagation, care, harvest or containment actions.", "definition": "Linum usitatissimum L. is the domesticated annual flax (Linaceae; typically 2n = 30) grown as a dual-purpose crop for stem bast fibre and for a highly unsaturated drying oil in the seed, and is distinguished from wild Linum by indehiscent capsules and by cultivar ideotypes that are either tall and sparsely branched (fibre flax) or shorter and branched (linseed).", "scope_statement": "Owns the species-specific recognition and biological state of plants identified as vr.tr.linum-usitatissimum, including cultivar relationships, reproductive capacity and suitability for intended harvest; observations must distinguish individual plants, sampled organs and stands.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, supporting observations and unresolved lookalikes", "Cultivar or accession provenance and intended fibre, seed or dual-purpose use", "Germination, vegetative development, flowering, capsule formation and senescence", "Stem architecture, reproductive performance and plant condition", "Propagation, harvest readiness and volunteer management" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Independent models of related Linum species", "Field ownership, farm economics and whole-farm scheduling", "Soil, weather and irrigation-system models beyond linked exposure observations", "Extracted fibre, linen, pressed oil and processed food or feed products", "Pathogen taxonomy and pesticide product authorisations", "Commercial seed-lot grading, storage and certification beyond plant provenance links" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check annual herbaceous growth, narrow simple leaves and five-parted flowers together; flower colour alone cannot establish identity because blue, pink and white occur. [CFIA botanical description](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/plant-varieties/plants-novel-traits/applicants/directive-94-08/biology-documents/linum-usitatissimum-flax)", "Against Linum marginale, check annual habit, free styles and a capsule longer than the calyx; larger, coarser parts provide supporting evidence in the Sydney regional key. [University of Sydney eFlora](https://eflora.sydney.edu.au/taxon/linum-usitatissimum)", "Inspect mature capsules and seeds: capsules may contain up to ten seeds, with smooth, shiny, flattened oval seeds approximately 4-6 mm long; use this combination as corroboration rather than a standalone identification. [CFIA botanical description](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/plant-varieties/plants-novel-traits/applicants/directive-94-08/biology-documents/linum-usitatissimum-flax)", "Do not separate fibre flax and linseed into different species: taller, less-branched versus shorter, more-branched architecture can support use-type interpretation, but cultivar provenance must resolve uncertain assignments. [CFIA botanical description](https://inspection.canada.ca/en/plant-varieties/plants-novel-traits/applicants/directive-94-08/biology-documents/linum-usitatissimum-flax)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved | provisional | supported | contradicted, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether species-specific management is justified or further identification is needed." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar or accession and supplier or collection record; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed plants to expected traits without inferring cultivar from appearance." }, { "name": "Intended harvest", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "fibre | seed for propagation | seed for processing | dual-purpose | conservation | unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Changes which stem and capsule states matter for management." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "germinating | seedling | vegetative | budding | flowering | capsule filling | maturing | senescent | dead", "why_it_matters": "Places observations and possible interventions within the plant's life cycle." }, { "name": "Stem architecture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Height and unbranched stem length in cm; stem diameter in mm; branch count", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of fibre-oriented growth and structural condition." }, { "name": "Established stand density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Living plants/m², with sampled area and date", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes isolated plant observations from establishment performance." }, { "name": "Capsule maturity distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of sampled capsules in explicitly defined maturity classes", "why_it_matters": "Reveals uneven development that a single harvest-ready label would conceal." }, { "name": "Lodging extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of assessed plants leaning or fallen, with angle criterion", "why_it_matters": "Informs access, stem recovery and harvest decisions." }, { "name": "Organ-specific damage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Affected organ, symptom, severity, progression and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed damage from an unconfirmed causal diagnosis." }, { "name": "Propagation-seed performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Germination percentage with test conditions, sample size and linked seed sample", "why_it_matters": "Supports seed-retention decisions without assuming mature-looking seeds are viable." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect and sample leaves, flowers, capsules or seeds to resolve identification.", "Sow traceable seed and assess emergence and establishment.", "Adjust care using developmental stage, observed stress and locally supported guidance.", "Select and retain plants or seed for propagation with documented identity.", "Schedule stem or seed harvest against the intended output and observed maturity.", "Monitor and remove unwanted volunteers with attention to reproductive stage." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "linnaeus-1753", "title": "Species Plantarum, vol. 1, p. 277 (protologue of Linum usitatissimum)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship and original circumscription of the cultivated species." }, { "id": "ph-eur-lini-semen", "title": "European Pharmacopoeia monograph Lini semen (flaxseed)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Pharmacopoeial identity of the seed drug, mucilage use, and quality tests used in European pharmacy." }, { "id": "iso-150", "title": "ISO 150: Raw, refined and boiled linseed oil for paints and varnishes - Specifications and methods of test", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Industrial specification of linseed oil, including drying-oil character and iodine-value testing." }, { "id": "cgc-flaxseed", "title": "Official Grain Grading Guide - Flaxseed", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "North American commercial grades, dockage and quality practice for oilseed flax." }, { "id": "cxs-210", "title": "Codex Alimentarius Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (CXS 210-1999), flaxseed (linseed) oil", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Named-oil identity and fatty-acid composition used in food-oil trade." }, { "id": "iso-2370", "title": "ISO 2370: Textiles - Determination of fineness of flax fibres", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Standard method used to characterise flax bast fibre fineness in the textile trade." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "flax-identity", "name": "Flax identity", "description": "Establishes whether observations support identification as Linum usitatissimum.", "rationale": "Common names and similar Linum flowers can conceal a wrong species assignment.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-organs", "name": "Diagnostic organs", "description": "Connects identification to observable vegetative and reproductive structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "identification-evidence", "name": "Identification evidence", "description": "Record the observed character combination, reference key and organs unavailable for inspection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaf, flower, style, capsule and seed characters support Linum usitatissimum under a key applicable to this locality?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What photographs, measurements or voucher specimens preserve the identification evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identification-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lookalike-resolution", "name": "Lookalike resolution", "description": "Tests competing identifications without treating use types as separate species.", "findings": [ { "id": "competing-identifications", "name": "Competing identifications", "description": "Keep unresolved alternatives explicit and specify the next discriminating observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which locally plausible alternatives, including Linum bienne or perennial Linum species, remain unexcluded?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "competing-identifications-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional organ, expert determination or validated test would resolve the remaining ambiguity?", "kind": "action", "id": "competing-identifications-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivar-and-use", "name": "Cultivar and use", "description": "Connects plant provenance and intended outputs to interpretation of its traits.", "rationale": "The same species can be managed for stems, seeds or both, with different assessment priorities.", "layers": [ { "id": "germplasm-origin", "name": "Germplasm origin", "description": "Records the evidence connecting plants to a cultivar, accession or seed source.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-plant-origin", "name": "Traceable plant origin", "description": "Distinguish documented identity from supplier claims and visual guesses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which seed-source, accession or cultivar record links to these plants?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-plant-origin-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports treating the observed plants as one cultivar rather than a mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "traceable-plant-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-priorities", "name": "Output priorities", "description": "Defines the intended harvest and plant traits relevant to it.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-assessment", "name": "Use-specific assessment", "description": "Make intended use explicit before judging stem architecture or reproductive investment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the intended output fibre, propagation seed, processing seed or a specified combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "use-specific-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured stem and capsule traits support that objective, and which acceptance criteria remain unverified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Tracks establishment, flowering and production of potentially viable seed.", "rationale": "Interventions depend on actual development and reproductive status rather than calendar age alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-growth", "name": "Establishment and growth", "description": "Separates emergence success, survival and subsequent growth.", "findings": [ { "id": "established-flax-state", "name": "Established flax state", "description": "Record dated stage and stand observations with their sampling extent.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of the observed stand has reached each developmental stage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "established-flax-state-q01" }, { "text": "How do emergence, survival and stem growth compare with a locally supported expectation for this cultivar and sowing date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "established-flax-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowers-capsules-and-seed", "name": "Flowers, capsules and seed", "description": "Tracks reproductive progress and the evidence needed for propagation decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-success", "name": "Reproductive success", "description": "Distinguish flowering, capsule formation, seed filling and demonstrated germination.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the sampled capsule set, filled-seed count and maturity distribution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-success-q01" }, { "text": "What seed testing and identity controls are needed before retaining this harvest for propagation?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-success-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flax-condition", "name": "Flax condition", "description": "Assesses structural damage, stress and suspected disease in relation to flax development.", "rationale": "Poor growth or damaged stems can change both reproductive prospects and harvest suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "stem-integrity-and-exposure", "name": "Stem integrity and exposure", "description": "Connects lodging and growth changes to recorded environmental exposures.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-and-stress-state", "name": "Structural and stress state", "description": "Record stem damage and exposure evidence without assuming causation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fraction of plants is lodged, broken, wilted or prematurely senescent, and at which stage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-and-stress-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated soil-water, temperature or management observations could explain the pattern and warrant further checking?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "structural-and-stress-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disease-and-pest-assessment", "name": "Disease and pest assessment", "description": "Organises symptom evidence and decisions about diagnostic sampling.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-confidence-and-response", "name": "Diagnostic confidence and response", "description": "Keep suspected flax diseases or pests distinct from confirmed causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symptoms and diagnostic results support or contradict suspected flax rust, wilt, pasmo or another cause?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-confidence-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence justify monitoring, diagnostic sampling or a locally authorised intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "diagnostic-confidence-and-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-persistence", "name": "Harvest and persistence", "description": "Supports output-specific harvest decisions and follow-up of surviving or volunteer plants.", "rationale": "A harvest decision must account for usable plant material, seed maturity and subsequent reproduction.", "layers": [ { "id": "harvest-readiness", "name": "Harvest readiness", "description": "Evaluates stems and capsules against the intended harvest route.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-or-defer", "name": "Harvest or defer", "description": "Record the maturity evidence and tradeoffs supporting a harvest decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured stem condition, capsule maturity and seed moisture criteria apply to the intended output?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvest-or-defer-q01" }, { "text": "Should harvest proceed or be deferred, and where does responsibility transfer to the harvested-material or processing model?", "kind": "action", "id": "harvest-or-defer-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "volunteers-and-seed-movement", "name": "Volunteers and seed movement", "description": "Tracks unintended persistence and movement of reproductive material.", "findings": [ { "id": "unwanted-reproduction", "name": "Unwanted reproduction", "description": "Distinguish deliberately retained plants from volunteers and document containment needs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are plants intentionally cultivated, retained for seed or volunteering outside the intended planting?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "unwanted-reproduction-q01" }, { "text": "What removal timing and follow-up observations are needed to prevent unwanted seed production or movement?", "kind": "action", "id": "unwanted-reproduction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fibre flax (linen flax): tall, sparsely branched stands harvested for long bast fibre", "Oilseed flax (linseed): shorter, branched plants harvested for seed oil", "Dual-purpose flax: intermediate types taken for both straw fibre and seed", "Spring-sown flax", "Winter-sown flax", "Brown-seeded linseed", "Yellow-seeded linseed", "Low-linolenic oilseed flax (solin / Linola)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q45108", "note": "Item for Linum usitatissimum" }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "4006", "note": "Taxon ID for the cultivated species" }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "29272", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number" }, { "scheme": "IPNI / botanical name", "value_or_pattern": "Linum usitatissimum L.", "note": "Linnaean name; Species Plantarum 1753" }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS", "value_or_pattern": "LIUS", "note": "Symbol for Linum usitatissimum" }, { "scheme": "EPPO Code", "value_or_pattern": "LIUUT", "note": "Plant-protection code for Linum usitatissimum" }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "1204 (linseed); 5301 (flax fibre, tow and waste); 1515.11 / 1515.19 (linseed oil)", "note": "Customs headings that split seed, bast fibre and oil" }, { "scheme": "CAS", "value_or_pattern": "8001-26-1", "note": "Linseed oil as a commodity substance, not the living plant" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "European Pharmacopoeia, EDQM - monograph Lini semen (flaxseed as a herbal drug)", "ISO 150, International Organization for Standardization - specifications for raw, refined and boiled linseed oil used in paints and varnishes", "ISO 2370, International Organization for Standardization - fineness of flax fibres", "Codex Alimentarius CXS 210-1999, FAO/WHO - named vegetable oils, including flaxseed (linseed) oil composition", "Canadian Grain Commission Official Grain Grading Guide - statutory grades for flaxseed in Canada", "Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 (as amended), European Commission - maximum levels of contaminants in food, relevant because flaxseed can accumulate cadmium", "National feed and food hygiene rules on cyanogenic glycosides - crushed moist seed can release hydrogen cyanide; livestock feeding limits and food-process controls apply in the EU, Canada and elsewhere" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Retted, scutched and hackled stem bast spun into linen yarn and woven as household and apparel linen", "Shorter fibre and tow used in blends, specialty papers (including some cigarette and archival papers) and fibre-reinforced composites", "Whole or milled seed eaten as a food ingredient for mucilage and alpha-linolenic acid", "Cold-pressed or extracted linseed oil used in paints, varnishes, wood finishes, printing inks, putty and linoleum", "Linseed meal remaining after oil extraction fed to livestock as a protein cake", "Pharmacognosy and OTC bulk laxatives based on seed mucilage (Lini semen)", "Boiled linseed oil as a drying binder in traditional oil painting and joinery" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Seed oil content", "typical_range": "35-45", "unit": "% of seed dry mass" }, { "quantity": "Alpha-linolenic acid in conventional linseed oil", "typical_range": "45-65", "unit": "% of total fatty acids" }, { "quantity": "Alpha-linolenic acid in solin/Linola oil", "typical_range": "<5", "unit": "% of total fatty acids" }, { "quantity": "Thousand-seed mass", "typical_range": "4-8", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Plant height, fibre types", "typical_range": "0.8-1.2", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Plant height, oilseed types", "typical_range": "0.4-0.8", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Iodine value of raw linseed oil (Wijs)", "typical_range": "170-200", "unit": "g I2 / 100 g oil" }, { "quantity": "Commercial oilseed yield", "typical_range": "1.2-2.5", "unit": "t/ha" }, { "quantity": "Safe seed storage moisture", "typical_range": "≤8-10", "unit": "% wet basis" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Rags or sanding dust soaked in linseed oil can self-heat and ignite as the oil autoxidises", "Milled flaxseed goes rancid quickly because alpha-linolenic acid oxidises in air", "Crushed moist seed releases hydrogen cyanide from linamarin and lotaustralin; the practical risk is livestock rations and poorly processed foods rather than intact dry seed", "Flaxseed accumulates cadmium on contaminated soils and can fail food-contaminant limits", "Fusarium wilt, pasmo (Septoria linicola / Plenodomus linicola) and flax rust (Melampsora lini) reduce stand and fibre or seed yield", "Over-retting of fibre flax weakens cellulose and ruins long-line fibre; under-retting leaves the fibre stuck to the woody shive", "Tall fibre stands lodge in wind and rain, lowering scutching yield and fibre quality", "High-moisture seed heats and moulds in store" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In Britain and much of the Commonwealth, 'flax' is the fibre crop and 'linseed' the oilseed crop; in North America both are usually called flax, with 'flaxseed' the food ingredient", "Long-line fibre production is concentrated in northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Belarus, Russia and China", "Oilseed production is dominated by the Canadian Prairies, with large areas also in Russia, Kazakhstan, China and India", "Ethiopian use of roasted ground seed as telba, and Indian culinary and paint use of linseed oil, differ from the mainly industrial-oil and recent health-food uses in Europe and North America" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Linum bienne (pale flax)", "difference": "Wild or weedy progenitor: capsules dehisce and scatter seed; crop flax has indehiscent capsules and an annual, non-shattering habit" }, { "name": "Linum perenne (perennial flax)", "difference": "Perennial life cycle and ornamental use; not the dual-purpose fibre/oil crop" }, { "name": "Camelina sativa (false flax, gold-of-pleasure)", "difference": "A brassica with siliques, not a Linum capsule; seed and oil are a different species despite the shared English name" }, { "name": "Cannabis sativa (hemp)", "difference": "Another temperate bast fibre, separated by palmate leaves, different stem anatomy, and the absence of a linseed-type capsule; cannabinoid tests are irrelevant to flax" }, { "name": "Other drying oils (tung, walnut)", "difference": "Same paint-oil use class; separate by botanical source and fatty-acid profile (eleostearic or other conjugated acids versus flax's high alpha-linolenic acid)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Linum usitatissimum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional diagnostic keys and validated tests best separate Linum usitatissimum from Linum bienne and local perennial lookalikes when reproductive organs are absent?", "Which cultivar- and region-specific stage definitions, stress thresholds and establishment expectations are sufficiently supported for agent decisions?", "Which maturity and moisture criteria should govern fibre, propagation-seed and processing-seed harvests, particularly when their timing conflicts?", "What evidence is required to infer cultivar purity and manage pollen-mediated admixture under the actual seed-production conditions?", "Which use-specific tests and downstream models must assess seed composition, cyanogenic potential, contaminants and treatment history before food or feed use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Linum usitatissimum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Linum usitatissimum, assess its development and condition, and select justified propagation, care, harvest or containment actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Linum usitatissimum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Linum usitatissimum from another, and a Linum usitatissimum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Linum usitatissimum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Linum usitatissimum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Linum usitatissimum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Linum usitatissimum and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Linum usitatissimum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Linum usitatissimum is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Linum usitatissimum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Linum usitatissimum moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Linum usitatissimum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Linum usitatissimum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Linum usitatissimum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Linum usitatissimum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Linum usitatissimum is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Linum usitatissimum, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Linum usitatissimum from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Linum usitatissimum from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Linum usitatissimum does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Linum usitatissimum pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Linum usitatissimum judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Linum usitatissimum lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Linum usitatissimum, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Linum usitatissimum hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Linum usitatissimum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Linum usitatissimum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Linum usitatissimum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Linum usitatissimum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Linum usitatissimum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Linum usitatissimum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }