{ "model": { "rank": 2508, "code": "thing-q45867", "model_id": "vr.tr.parallelogram", "name": "parallelogram", "purpose": "Let an agent define the parallelogram and its properties, compute area, perimeter and angles, distinguish it from trapezoids and other quadrilaterals, and relay classic theorems and teaching approaches.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q45867/", "tier": 2, "score": 104, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Varignon parallelogram", "rhomboid", "Wittenbauer's parallelogram" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 104, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q45867", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45867", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T21:34:02Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q45867", "registryId": "vr.tr.parallelogram", "name": "parallelogram", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q45867/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.parallelogram", "name": "parallelogram", "purpose": "Let an agent define the parallelogram and its properties, compute area, perimeter and angles, distinguish it from trapezoids and other quadrilaterals, and relay classic theorems and teaching approaches.", "definition": "A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides, whose opposite sides are equal, opposite angles are equal and diagonals bisect each other; rectangles, rhombi and squares are special cases, its area is base times height, and the Varignon parallelogram formed by the midpoints of any quadrilateral sides is a classic result.", "what_it_is_for": "A basic shape in geometry, design and engineering.", "affordances": [ "state the definition and properties", "compute area, perimeter and angles", "classify special cases", "relay classic theorems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Two pairs of parallel sides", "Diagonals bisect each other", "Special cases: rectangle, rhombus, square", "Vector parallelogram law" ], "appearance": "A four-sided figure with two pairs of parallel sides, like a slanted rectangle.", "visual_identification": [ "Two pairs of parallel sides", "Opposite sides equal, diagonals bisect each other", "A trapezoid has one pair of parallel sides in most definitions" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "area", "typical_range": "base times height", "unit": "formula", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "angle sum", "typical_range": "360", "unit": "degrees", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "general parallelograms and rhomboids", "rectangles", "rhombi", "squares", "Varignon parallelogram of a quadrilateral", "parallelograms in vector addition and physics" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "quadrilateral", "why": "a four-sided polygon" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "rectangle", "why": "a special case" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "trapezoid", "why": "one pair of parallel sides" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "vector addition", "why": "the parallelogram law" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; definitions follow standard geometry, with regional differences in the definition of trapezoid" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing height with side length in area", "Regional differences in trapezoid definitions", "Assuming right angles" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "define", "name": "Define", "description": "What a parallelogram is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What defines a parallelogram, and what properties follow?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the shape a parallelogram, a trapezoid or another quadrilateral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "special", "name": "Special", "description": "Special cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "special-finding", "name": "Special", "description": "Special.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do rectangles, rhombi and squares relate to parallelograms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the special case?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compute", "name": "Compute", "description": "Calculation.", "rationale": "Computation.", "layers": [ { "id": "area", "name": "Area", "description": "Area and perimeter.", "findings": [ { "id": "area-finding", "name": "Area", "description": "Area.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are area, perimeter and angles computed from sides, heights and angles?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What is the result for the values in question?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coordinates", "name": "Coordinates", "description": "Coordinate and vector methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "coordinates-finding", "name": "Coordinates", "description": "Coordinates.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is a parallelogram handled with coordinates and vectors, including the cross product for area?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits vectors?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "theorems", "name": "Theorems", "description": "Classic results.", "rationale": "Theory.", "layers": [ { "id": "varignon", "name": "Varignon", "description": "Varignon parallelogram.", "findings": [ { "id": "varignon-finding", "name": "Varignon", "description": "Varignon.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does Varignon theorem state, and how is it proved?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Parallelogram law.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the parallelogram law in vectors and in normed spaces?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits inner product spaces?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Teaching and use.", "rationale": "Study.", "layers": [ { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are parallelograms taught, and which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits geometry education?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Applications.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-finding", "name": "Use", "description": "Use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do parallelograms appear in design, engineering and physics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific application?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the Varignon parallelogram be a separate entry?", "How should curriculum standards be linked?", "How should definitional variation be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a parallelogram, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent define the parallelogram and its properties, compute area, perimeter and angles, distinguish it from trapezoids and other quadrilaterals, and relay classic theorems and teaching approaches.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Varignon parallelogram, rhomboid, Wittenbauer's parallelogram.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 104 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a parallelogram, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Varignon parallelogram", "rhomboid", "Wittenbauer's parallelogram" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 104 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one parallelogram from another, and a parallelogram from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a parallelogram sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a parallelogram from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a parallelogram passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a parallelogram between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a parallelogram, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a parallelogram is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What parallelogram is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of parallelogram are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is parallelogram operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of parallelogram and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of parallelogram?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as parallelogram?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a parallelogram came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a parallelogram and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a parallelogram is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a parallelogram, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a parallelogram, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a parallelogram is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }