{ "model": { "rank": 2794, "code": "thing-q46525", "model_id": "vr.tr.pulitzer-prize", "name": "Pulitzer Prize", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Pulitzer Prize claim, assess its category and award-cycle context, and determine which verification, submission or record-maintenance actions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q46525/", "tier": 2, "score": 97, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 97, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q46525", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46525", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:50:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00411094, "turns": 1, "seconds": 54, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 80.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bb1-da21-7942-b767-4f5c6d644731\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Pulitzer Prize\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pulitzer-prize\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q46525", "registryId": "vr.tr.pulitzer-prize", "name": "Pulitzer Prize", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q46525/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pulitzer-prize", "name": "Pulitzer Prize", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Pulitzer Prize claim, assess its category and award-cycle context, and determine which verification, submission or record-maintenance actions are justified.", "definition": "The Pulitzer Prize is an annual set of awards for distinguished work in journalism, literature, drama, and music, administered by Columbia University on the recommendation of the Pulitzer Prize Board under the terms of Joseph Pulitzer's 1904 will.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the Pulitzer Prize as an award programme and the relationships needed to distinguish its categories, annual competitions, submitted work, adjudication outcomes and individual conferments.", "in_scope": [ "Programme identity, administering authority and authoritative evidence", "Award categories and their applicability to a particular year", "Category-specific eligibility and submission requirements", "Selection stages and distinctions among entrants, finalists and winners", "Award citations, credited recipients and subsequent record changes" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Full biographies and careers of recipients, entrants or jurors", "Complete bibliographic or production records for submitted works", "General organisational models of Columbia University, newsrooms or publishers", "Other literary, journalism, drama and music award programmes", "Recipients' wider reputations, commercial success or political positions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A Pulitzer attribution must resolve to the Pulitzer programme's authoritative record, rather than merely to an award sharing a recipient, field or institutional association.", "A specific award claim must identify an award year and category or special-citation designation; a work's publication year alone does not identify its Pulitzer outcome.", "Entry, nomination, finalist designation and winning must remain distinct claims, with the claimant's terminology checked against official terminology.", "Credit must follow the award record: an individual, named group or organisation must not automatically confer winner status on every associated contributor.", "A category's historical name and boundaries must be checked for the relevant year rather than inferred from today's category list." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Record level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "programme | category | annual competition | individual conferment", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a statement about the Pulitzer programme from being mistaken for evidence of a particular award." }, { "name": "Award year", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "calendar year as identified in the authoritative award record", "why_it_matters": "Locates the applicable category, rules and decision without conflating award and publication dates." }, { "name": "Category designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "official category name for the award year, or documented special-citation designation", "why_it_matters": "Determines which comparison, eligibility and attribution rules apply." }, { "name": "Applicable rules", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "relationship to an authoritative rules edition for the category and cycle", "why_it_matters": "Makes eligibility and permitted actions depend on evidence for the correct competition." }, { "name": "Competition stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not established | accepting entries | entries closed | selection underway | results announced, where evidenced", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether submission or outcome-verification actions are appropriate." }, { "name": "Participation or outcome designation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified claim | documented entry | officially designated finalist | officially designated winner | special citation | documented no award", "why_it_matters": "Prevents participation from being presented as an official distinction." }, { "name": "Credited recipient", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "relationship to the individual, group or organisation explicitly credited in the award record", "why_it_matters": "Controls who may accurately be described as receiving the award." }, { "name": "Recognised work or contribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "relationship to the work, collection of work or contribution described by the citation", "why_it_matters": "Bounds the achievement recognised and prevents credit from spreading to unrelated work." }, { "name": "Claim verification state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified | supported by authoritative evidence | conflicting evidence | superseded", "why_it_matters": "Separates confidence in the record from the competition's actual outcome." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a Pulitzer claim to its official year, category, recipient and citation.", "Assess proposed entry eligibility using the applicable category and cycle rules.", "Identify missing evidence or materials before preparing a submission.", "Distinguish entrants, finalists, winners and special-citation recipients in generated descriptions.", "Compare award records across category changes while preserving historical distinctions.", "Flag conflicting attributions or superseded records for correction." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "pulitzer-org", "title": "The Pulitzer Prizes", "url": "https://www.pulitzer.org/", "what_it_supports": "Official administering body, current prize categories, eligibility, and award history", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "columbia-journalism", "title": "Pulitzer Prizes - Columbia University", "url": "https://www.columbia.edu/", "what_it_supports": "Columbia University as administrator under the Pulitzer will", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "wikidata-q46525", "title": "Pulitzer Prize (Q46525)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46525", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifier and sitelinks for the prize as a named award", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pulitzer-identity-and-authority", "name": "Pulitzer identity and authority", "description": "Establishes what Pulitzer entity is being modelled and which records can substantiate its claims.", "rationale": "The programme, a category and an individual award are related but support different assertions and actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "programme-and-conferment", "name": "Programme and conferment", "description": "Separates the registered programme from its annual competitions and individual awards.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-the-pulitzer-referent", "name": "Identify the Pulitzer referent", "description": "Record whether a reference concerns the programme, a category, a competition year or a specific conferment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does 'Pulitzer Prize' here mean the programme as a whole or a particular year's distinction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identify-the-pulitzer-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Which year, category and official award record distinguish this conferment from others?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identify-the-pulitzer-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "authoritative-records", "name": "Authoritative records", "description": "Connects Pulitzer claims to programme records and the authority responsible for each decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "establish-claim-authority", "name": "Establish claim authority", "description": "Preserve the source and issuing authority for rules, finalist announcements, winner records and citations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which official Pulitzer record supports the claimed designation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "establish-claim-authority-q01" }, { "text": "What documented roles do Columbia University, the Pulitzer Prize Board and programme administrators have in this claim or action?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "establish-claim-authority-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "categories-and-award-cycles", "name": "Categories and award cycles", "description": "Locates a Pulitzer distinction within the category structure and timetable applicable to its year.", "rationale": "Historical category changes and different work-eligibility periods can make apparently similar Pulitzer records non-equivalent.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-category-boundaries", "name": "Historical category boundaries", "description": "Preserves category names, coverage and documented changes over time.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolve-category-for-year", "name": "Resolve category for year", "description": "Use the category designation and remit evidenced for the award year rather than substituting a present-day equivalent.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was the official category name and scope in this award year?", "kind": "definition", "id": "resolve-category-for-year-q01" }, { "text": "Was this category renamed, divided, combined or discontinued, and what evidence supports any cross-year mapping?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolve-category-for-year-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "competition-time", "name": "Competition time", "description": "Distinguishes award year, eligible work dates, entry deadlines and announcement dates.", "findings": [ { "id": "locate-the-competition-window", "name": "Locate the competition window", "description": "Record the dates that control participation and interpretation for the selected category and cycle.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which publication, performance or other qualifying dates does this category's rules edition require?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "locate-the-competition-window-q01" }, { "text": "Given the documented deadline and competition stage, may an entry still be prepared or submitted?", "kind": "action", "id": "locate-the-competition-window-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "eligibility-and-entry", "name": "Eligibility and entry", "description": "Supports category-specific checks of proposed Pulitzer entries and evidence of actual participation.", "rationale": "Journalism, books, drama and music cannot safely be assessed using one undifferentiated eligibility checklist.", "layers": [ { "id": "category-specific-qualification", "name": "Category-specific qualification", "description": "Connects a candidate work and its creators or publishing context to the relevant rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "test-pulitzer-eligibility", "name": "Test Pulitzer eligibility", "description": "Record eligibility conclusions separately from unresolved requirements and evidence gaps.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which requirements concerning authorship, citizenship, publication outlet, medium or performance apply to this category and year?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "test-pulitzer-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes that the proposed work meets each applicable requirement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "test-pulitzer-eligibility-q02" }, { "text": "Which unresolved eligibility conditions require clarification before proceeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "test-pulitzer-eligibility-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "submission-and-participation-evidence", "name": "Submission and participation evidence", "description": "Tracks authorised entry preparation and the evidence needed to claim that an entry occurred.", "findings": [ { "id": "establish-entry-status", "name": "Establish entry status", "description": "Distinguish a proposed submission, an evidenced submission and any subsequent official distinction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is authorised to submit this entry, and what materials, permissions and fees are required by the applicable instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "establish-entry-status-q01" }, { "text": "What confirmation establishes that the work was entered in the stated category and cycle?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "establish-entry-status-q02" }, { "text": "Does a public claim of 'Pulitzer nominee' mean entry, official finalist status or something else supported by evidence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "establish-entry-status-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "selection-and-official-outcomes", "name": "Selection and official outcomes", "description": "Represents evidenced selection roles and the precise outcome of a Pulitzer competition.", "rationale": "Jury consideration, official finalist status and the final award decision must not be treated as interchangeable.", "layers": [ { "id": "jury-and-board-process", "name": "Jury and Board process", "description": "Separates documented recommendations from authoritative decisions without inferring private deliberations.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-selection-authority", "name": "Identify selection authority", "description": "Record the selection stage and decision-making role supported by the relevant year's official process.", "questions": [ { "text": "What roles did the category jury and Pulitzer Prize Board have under the applicable process?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identify-selection-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Does the available evidence document a recommendation, a finalist designation or a final award decision?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identify-selection-authority-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "outcome-designations", "name": "Outcome designations", "description": "Preserves official distinctions and exceptional results without filling gaps by assumption.", "findings": [ { "id": "record-the-announced-result", "name": "Record the announced result", "description": "Represent winners, finalists, special citations and explicit no-award decisions according to the official record.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact outcome designation does the official announcement assign to this person, organisation or work?", "kind": "definition", "id": "record-the-announced-result-q01" }, { "text": "If no winner is listed, is there an explicit no-award decision, an unannounced result or merely missing evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "record-the-announced-result-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "citation-credit-and-award-record", "name": "Citation, credit and award record", "description": "Bounds the recognised achievement, recipient credit and any associated award terms or later changes.", "rationale": "A Pulitzer citation recognises specified recipients and contributions; it does not automatically validate every associated person, work or claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "recipient-and-recognised-contribution", "name": "Recipient and recognised contribution", "description": "Connects official recipient wording to the work or contribution described in the citation.", "findings": [ { "id": "bound-pulitzer-credit", "name": "Bound Pulitzer credit", "description": "Preserve collective and individual attribution and the limits of the cited achievement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Whom does the official record name as recipient, and does it credit an individual, group, staff or organisation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bound-pulitzer-credit-q01" }, { "text": "Which work or contribution does the citation recognise, and which associated contributions fall outside that wording?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bound-pulitzer-credit-q02" }, { "text": "What description can an agent use without overstating a contributor's personal Pulitzer status?", "kind": "action", "id": "bound-pulitzer-credit-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "award-terms-and-record-changes", "name": "Award terms and record changes", "description": "Tracks evidenced award benefits and amendments to the authoritative record.", "findings": [ { "id": "verify-terms-and-current-attribution", "name": "Verify terms and current attribution", "description": "Check category- and year-specific monetary or medal terms and preserve the provenance of corrections.", "questions": [ { "text": "What monetary award or medal, if any, is documented for this category and year, and to whom is it assigned?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verify-terms-and-current-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Has an authoritative correction or later statement changed the recipient, citation or recorded award status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verify-terms-and-current-attribution-q02" }, { "text": "If records conflict, which claims should remain unresolved pending authoritative clarification?", "kind": "action", "id": "verify-terms-and-current-attribution-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Journalism prizes (Public Service, Breaking News, Investigative, Explanatory, Local, National, International, Feature, Commentary, Criticism, Editorial Writing, Editorial Cartooning, Breaking News Photography, Feature Photography, Audio Reporting)", "Letters, Drama, and Music prizes (Fiction, Drama, History, Biography, Memoir or Autobiography, Poetry, General Nonfiction, Music)", "Special Citations and Awards", "Pulitzer Prize Gold Medal (Public Service)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q46525", "note": "Item for the Pulitzer Prize as a whole; individual category years have separate items" }, { "scheme": "VIAF", "value_or_pattern": "157709000", "note": "Virtual International Authority File cluster for the prize" }, { "scheme": "Library of Congress LCCN", "value_or_pattern": "n81011153", "note": "Name authority for Pulitzer Prizes" }, { "scheme": "Official site slug", "value_or_pattern": "https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/{year}", "note": "Year-indexed winner lists on the administering site" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Joseph Pulitzer's 1904 will (as amended in practice by the Pulitzer Prize Board) - founding instrument and category-change authority", "Pulitzer Prize Board Plan of Award - eligibility, entry rules, jury and Board procedures (Columbia University / Pulitzer Prize Board)", "Columbia University administration of the prizes - fiduciary and operational host", "U.S. copyright and libel law as they constrain submitted journalism and letters work (not prize-specific statutes)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Newsrooms enter eligible work published in a defined U.S. calendar window; winning Public Service is often treated as the profession's highest institutional honor", "Book publishers, playwrights, and composers submit or are nominated in Letters, Drama, and Music; a Pulitzer is used in marketing, reprints, and production histories", "Universities, libraries, and archives catalog winners as a canon of American journalism and letters", "The gold medal for Public Service is awarded to a news organization rather than an individual byline" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Number of regular prize categories in a typical recent year", "typical_range": "23", "unit": "categories" }, { "quantity": "Cash award per individual-category win (recent Board-set amount)", "typical_range": "15000", "unit": "USD" }, { "quantity": "Public Service award form", "typical_range": "1 gold medal to the organization", "unit": "medal" }, { "quantity": "Entry window", "typical_range": "work published in the prior calendar year (journalism) or specified eligibility year (letters/drama/music)", "unit": "calendar year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Board overturn of a jury recommendation, or no prize in a category, which is periodically treated as a legitimacy crisis", "Retraction or later discredit of winning work (fabrication, plagiarism, undisclosed conflicts)", "Category-fit disputes: investigative vs. explanatory vs. national; fiction vs. general nonfiction", "U.S.-centric eligibility (primarily U.S. newspapers/news sites and American letters) excluding much global work that the public confuses with 'world press prizes'", "Institutional capture concerns: prestige concentrating at a few metro newsrooms and trade publishers" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "The prize is U.S.-administered and U.S.-eligibility-heavy; it is not a global press prize despite international reporting categories", "Spanish-language and digital-only U.S. outlets were admitted later than print dailies; eligibility expansions are Board-driven rather than statutory", "Analogous national prizes (e.g., Britain's Press Awards, France's Albert Londres, Germany's Wächterpreis) occupy the same social role locally and are not Pulitzers", "In some languages 'Pulitzer' is used loosely as a generic for any top journalism prize" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Nobel Prize in Literature", "difference": "The Nobel is awarded by the Swedish Academy for an author's body of work, not for a single U.S. book, play, or calendar-year news entry administered at Columbia" }, { "name": "National Book Award", "difference": "U.S. literary prize administered by the National Book Foundation; overlapping fiction/nonfiction field but different jury, no journalism gold medal, no Pulitzer Board" }, { "name": "Peabody Award", "difference": "Recognizes electronic media (radio, television, digital) stories and programs, not the Pulitzer journalism print/digital text-and-photo categories or letters/music slate" }, { "name": "Pulitzer Arts Foundation / Pulitzer family philanthropy", "difference": "St. Louis art museum and other Pulitzer-named gifts are separate from the Columbia-administered prizes" }, { "name": "Columbia University School of Journalism degree honors or alumni awards", "difference": "School prizes and teaching appointments are not the Pulitzer Prize Board's annual awards" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Pulitzer Prize this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already contain an authoritative Pulitzer or award-programme model that this registry entry should reference?", "Which official sources provide complete historical category definitions, rules editions and category transitions?", "What are the exact category-specific eligibility, submission-authority and deadline rules for the cycle an agent is asked to assess?", "How does official Pulitzer terminology distinguish entries, nominations, finalists and collective recipient credit across historical periods?", "What authoritative policies and precedents govern special citations, no-award decisions, award benefits and later corrections to award records?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Pulitzer Prize, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Pulitzer Prize claim, assess its category and award-cycle context, and determine which verification, submission or record-maintenance actions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Pulitzer Prize, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 97 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Pulitzer Prize from another, and a Pulitzer Prize from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Pulitzer Prize sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Pulitzer Prize from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Pulitzer Prize passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Pulitzer Prize between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Pulitzer Prize, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Pulitzer Prize is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a Pulitzer Prize proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a Pulitzer Prize, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a Pulitzer Prize and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a Pulitzer Prize consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a Pulitzer Prize takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What Pulitzer Prize is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of Pulitzer Prize are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is Pulitzer Prize operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of Pulitzer Prize and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of Pulitzer Prize?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as Pulitzer Prize?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Pulitzer Prize came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Pulitzer Prize and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Pulitzer Prize is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Pulitzer Prize, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Pulitzer Prize, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Pulitzer Prize is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }