{ "model": { "rank": 8792, "code": "thing-q468433", "model_id": "vr.tr.anosmia", "name": "anosmia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain anosmia and its causes, relay assessment, treatment and impacts from ENT and neurology sources in general terms, describe specific and congenital anosmias, and distinguish anosmia from hyposmia, parosmia and taste loss, routing people with new smell loss to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q468433/", "tier": 2, "score": 49, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Merciful anosmia", "congenital anosmia", "anosmia for Isobutyric acid", "Freesia Flowers, Inability to smell", "isovaleric acid, Inability to smell", "musk, inability to smell", "anosmia for butyl mercaptan" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 49, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q468433", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468433", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T14:42:13Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q468433", "registryId": "vr.tr.anosmia", "name": "anosmia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q468433/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.anosmia", "name": "anosmia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain anosmia and its causes, relay assessment, treatment and impacts from ENT and neurology sources in general terms, describe specific and congenital anosmias, and distinguish anosmia from hyposmia, parosmia and taste loss, routing people with new smell loss to clinicians.", "definition": "The loss or absence of the sense of smell, whether congenital, acquired through infection, head injury, nasal disease or neurodegeneration, or specific to particular odours such as isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, musk or freesia flowers in specific anosmias, with merciful anosmia describing the loss that spares a person unpleasant odours; anosmia became widely known as a symptom of COVID-19 and affects safety, nutrition and quality of life.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a sensory loss.", "affordances": [ "explain causes and kinds", "relay assessment and treatment", "route to clinicians", "distinguish related conditions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Smell loss", "Many causes", "Specific anosmias", "Safety and quality of life impact" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; inability to smell.", "visual_identification": [ "Loss of the sense of smell", "Congenital anosmia, specific anosmias for isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, musk and freesia, merciful anosmia", "Hyposmia is reduced smell; parosmia is distorted smell; taste loss is ageusia" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "prevalence", "typical_range": "about 3-5", "unit": "percent", "note": "adults, estimates" }, { "quantity": "COVID-19 smell loss", "typical_range": "common early symptom", "unit": "note", "note": "2020-2022" }, { "quantity": "congenital anosmia", "typical_range": "about 1 in 10000", "unit": "note", "note": "estimates" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "acquired anosmia from infection including COVID-19", "post-traumatic anosmia", "anosmia from nasal and sinus disease", "congenital anosmia including Kallmann syndrome", "specific anosmias for particular odorants", "anosmia in neurodegenerative disease" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "olfaction disorder", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sensory loss", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "parosmia", "why": "distorted smell" }, { "relation": "was a symptom of", "target": "COVID-19", "why": "in many cases" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "R43.0", "note": "anosmia" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D000857", "note": "Olfaction Disorders" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines for smell disorders", "Occupational safety rules for smell-dependent jobs" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missed underlying causes such as tumours", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Safety risks from undetected gas or smoke" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What anosmia is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is anosmia, and how do acquired, congenital and specific anosmias differ from hyposmia, parosmia and taste loss?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing new smell loss of their own, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes anosmia, from viral infection and head injury to sinus disease and neurodegeneration?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific cause?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Assessment and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment", "name": "Assessment", "description": "Assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-finding", "name": "Assessment", "description": "Assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is smell loss assessed with smell tests and imaging, as guidelines describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments exist, including smell training, and what is the prognosis, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Impact and safety.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety measures do authorities recommend for people who cannot smell gas, smoke or spoiled food?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits smoke detector?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "life", "name": "Life", "description": "Quality of life.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-finding", "name": "Life", "description": "Life.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does anosmia affect eating, mood and relationships, as research reports?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits smell loss support organisations?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Science and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Specific anosmias.", "findings": [ { "id": "science-finding", "name": "Science", "description": "Science.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do specific anosmias for musk, isovaleric acid and other odorants reveal about olfactory receptors?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits olfactory receptor?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did understanding of anosmia develop, and what did COVID-19 change?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of olfaction research?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should specific anosmia and congenital anosmia be separate primary entries?", "How should clinical sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific odorant anosmias; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a anosmia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain anosmia and its causes, relay assessment, treatment and impacts from ENT and neurology sources in general terms, describe specific and congenital anosmias, and distinguish anosmia from hyposmia, parosmia and taste loss, routing people with new smell loss to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Merciful anosmia, congenital anosmia, anosmia for Isobutyric acid, Freesia Flowers, Inability to smell, isovaleric acid, Inability to smell, musk, inability to smell, anosmia for butyl mercaptan.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a anosmia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Merciful anosmia", "congenital anosmia", "anosmia for Isobutyric acid", "Freesia Flowers, Inability to smell", "isovaleric acid, Inability to smell", "musk, inability to smell", "anosmia for butyl mercaptan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one anosmia from another, and a anosmia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a anosmia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a anosmia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a anosmia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a anosmia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a anosmia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a anosmia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What anosmia is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of anosmia are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is anosmia operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of anosmia and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of anosmia?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as anosmia?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a anosmia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a anosmia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a anosmia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a anosmia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a anosmia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a anosmia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }