{ "model": { "rank": 2146, "code": "thing-q47043", "model_id": "vr.tr.rubik-s-cube", "name": "Rubik's Cube", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Rubik's Cube, interpret its configuration and condition, and choose justified moves or interventions toward a stated goal.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q47043/", "tier": 2, "score": 114, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Sudoku Cube", "Void Cube" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 114, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q47043", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47043", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:10:51Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01455812, "turns": 1, "seconds": 192.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b53-b11e-7dc2-a7d7-660d748a3b8b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Rubik's Cube\nRegistry id: vr.tr.rubik-s-cube\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q47043", "registryId": "vr.tr.rubik-s-cube", "name": "Rubik's Cube", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q47043/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rubik-s-cube", "name": "Rubik's Cube", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Rubik's Cube, interpret its configuration and condition, and choose justified moves or interventions toward a stated goal.", "definition": "A 3×3×3 face-turning cubic twisty puzzle, invented by Ernő Rubik in 1974, whose six faces rotate in multiples of 90° about three mutually orthogonal axes and thereby permute and orient eight corner cubies and twelve edge cubies around six centres, realising a group of 43,252,003,274,489,856,000 reachable configurations.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the Rubik's Cube as a manipulable information puzzle: its identity, observable configuration, permitted turns, solution goal and readiness for manipulation. The conventional 3×3×3 puzzle is the working baseline; other sizes and branded variants require an explicit scope decision.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the puzzle's size, markings and move structure", "Facelet observations and their interpretation as movable pieces", "Current configuration, observation uncertainty and solved-state criteria", "Permitted turns, move sequences and configuration transitions", "Mechanical or interface conditions that affect puzzle manipulation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General theory and classification of twisty puzzles", "Manufacturing, materials engineering and detailed component design", "Brand ownership, licensing and authenticity certification", "Competition administration, records and participant rankings", "A solver's general learning history or cognitive abilities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "For the baseline puzzle, each of six faces presents a 3×3 arrangement of facelets; a different order requires variant identification.", "Turning a layer relocates connected groups of markings across faces while preserving piece membership; a cube-shaped colour display with independently changeable cells fails this test.", "The baseline interpretation distinguishes centre, edge and corner pieces by their positions and exposed facelets; a sliding-tile puzzle has a different position and move structure.", "Configuration changes must follow the declared turn rules; arbitrary facelet recolouring is an edit or intervention, not a puzzle move.", "Appearance and move structure can establish compatibility with a conventional cube puzzle, but do not by themselves establish Rubik's branding or authenticity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Puzzle order", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Facelet positions per face edge; baseline 3", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the baseline piece interpretation and move rules apply." }, { "name": "Representation medium", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Physical puzzle, interactive simulation, static depiction, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates objects that can be turned from representations that can only be inspected." }, { "name": "Marking scheme", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Colours, symbols, pictures, mixed markings, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines how facelets are distinguished and whether orientation of markings affects completion." }, { "name": "Observation frame", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mapping between observed faces, puzzle-relative face labels and agent viewpoint", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a change of viewpoint from being mistaken for a puzzle move." }, { "name": "Configuration knowledge", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unobserved, partial, ambiguous, complete but unchecked, validated, inconsistent", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent can plan a solution or must gather more observations." }, { "name": "Turn reachability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Reachable under declared rules, unreachable under declared rules, undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an ordinary scramble from an observation error or a configuration requiring intervention." }, { "name": "Goal configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Declared solved-state predicate or target pattern, including permitted whole-cube rotations", "why_it_matters": "Makes success testable without assuming every task asks for uniformly coloured faces." }, { "name": "Manipulation readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Ready, misaligned, obstructed, damaged, interface unavailable, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a planned turn can be attempted and verified." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect additional faces and reconcile observations into a consistent configuration.", "Validate a configuration against the declared piece inventory and turn rules.", "Generate, explain or compare move sequences toward a declared target.", "Execute permitted turns through a physical manipulator or simulation interface.", "Verify a turn's result and replan when execution differs from the prediction.", "Identify when further inspection or a separately authorised repair is needed." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-rubiks-cube", "title": "Rubik's Cube", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik%27s_Cube", "what_it_supports": "Invention date and original Hungarian name, mechanical anatomy, group order, trademarked product history, and common named variants.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wca-regulations", "title": "WCA Regulations", "url": "https://www.worldcubeassociation.org/regulations/", "what_it_supports": "How the 3×3×3 is defined and constrained in competition, including event identity 333 and puzzle legality.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "rokicki-diameter-2013", "title": "The Diameter of the Rubik's Cube Group Is Twenty", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "God's number: every reachable position can be solved in at most 20 face turns; 26 in the quarter-turn metric." }, { "id": "wikidata-q173154", "title": "Rubik's Cube (Q173154)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173154", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifier and cross-links to patents, trademarks, and catalogue records.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "singmaster-1981", "title": "Notes on Rubik's Magic Cube", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Early specialist description of cubie orbits, orientation rules, and the distinction between reachable and illegal assemblies." }, { "id": "hu-patent-170062", "title": "Hungarian patent HU170062 (spatial logic toy)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Primary legal identification of Rubik's 1975 filing of the mechanism later marketed as the Magic Cube / Rubik's Cube." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cube-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Cube identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish which cube puzzle or representation is being modelled and whether the baseline applies.", "rationale": "A cube-shaped object, a compatible twisty puzzle and a branded Rubik's product require different identity claims.", "layers": [ { "id": "puzzle-structure", "name": "Puzzle structure", "description": "Identify face order and the arrangement that moves as a puzzle.", "findings": [ { "id": "baseline-compatibility", "name": "Baseline compatibility", "description": "Record the observed face layout and move structure before applying conventional 3×3×3 assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each face have a 3×3 facelet layout, and which layers can turn?", "kind": "definition", "id": "baseline-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed features require variant-specific rules instead of the baseline?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "baseline-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Separate the represented puzzle from its medium and product attribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "medium-and-attribution", "name": "Medium and attribution", "description": "Record whether the subject is a physical puzzle, executable simulation or depiction, and the evidence for any product identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can this subject actually perform puzzle turns, or does it only depict a configuration?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "medium-and-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What markings, packaging or provider records support identifying it as a Rubik's Cube product?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "medium-and-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "facelets-pieces-and-observation", "name": "Facelets, pieces and observation", "description": "Translate visible markings into a configuration with an explicit frame and known gaps.", "rationale": "A cube cannot be solved reliably from face colours unless observations agree about viewpoint and piece membership.", "layers": [ { "id": "face-reference-frame", "name": "Face reference frame", "description": "Anchor face labels and distinguish viewpoint changes from changes within the puzzle.", "findings": [ { "id": "stable-face-labelling", "name": "Stable face labelling", "description": "Record how observations map to puzzle-relative faces throughout inspection and manipulation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed faces establish the current up, front and right reference directions?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stable-face-labelling-q01" }, { "text": "After the cube or camera rotates, how will the agent preserve the identity of previously observed faces?", "kind": "action", "id": "stable-face-labelling-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "piece-reconstruction", "name": "Piece reconstruction", "description": "Associate facelets with pieces while retaining uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-piece-configuration", "name": "Observed piece configuration", "description": "Record inferred centre, edge and corner identities, positions and orientations without silently filling unseen facelets.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which piece positions and orientations are established by the observations, and which remain ambiguous?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-piece-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional face views would distinguish the remaining candidate configurations?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-piece-configuration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-validity-and-goals", "name": "Configuration validity and goals", "description": "Determine whether the interpreted state fits the puzzle rules and whether it satisfies the requested target.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a difficult scramble, an inconsistent observation and a completed puzzle.", "layers": [ { "id": "turn-reachability", "name": "Turn reachability", "description": "Assess configuration consistency and reachability under the selected rule set.", "findings": [ { "id": "state-consistency-assessment", "name": "State consistency assessment", "description": "Keep inventory checks separate from the stronger claim that a configuration can be reached by permitted turns.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the observed markings and reconstructed pieces match the declared puzzle inventory?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "state-consistency-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What validated checks establish reachability for this variant, and which checks have actually been applied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "state-consistency-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "If a check fails, what inspection can distinguish misreading from altered assembly or markings?", "kind": "action", "id": "state-consistency-assessment-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "completion-criteria", "name": "Completion criteria", "description": "Define the requested target independently of a solver's informal judgement.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-target-predicate", "name": "Explicit target predicate", "description": "Record which arrangements count as complete, including any picture orientation or display orientation requirement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does completion require uniform faces, aligned pictures or symbols, or a specified target pattern?", "kind": "definition", "id": "explicit-target-predicate-q01" }, { "text": "Are whole-cube rotations equivalent for this goal, or must the result face a specified direction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "explicit-target-predicate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "turn-language-and-planning", "name": "Turn language and planning", "description": "Connect unambiguous move instructions to predicted configuration changes and task objectives.", "rationale": "A correct sequence becomes unusable if face labels, turn directions or sequence conventions are misinterpreted.", "layers": [ { "id": "move-semantics", "name": "Move semantics", "description": "Declare the vocabulary and interpretation of individual moves.", "findings": [ { "id": "unambiguous-turn-instructions", "name": "Unambiguous turn instructions", "description": "Specify the moved layer, angle and viewing convention, and distinguish a face turn from reorienting the whole cube.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which notation and viewing convention define each turn's layer and direction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "unambiguous-turn-instructions-q01" }, { "text": "Which face, slice, wide or whole-cube moves are supported by this puzzle and executor?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "unambiguous-turn-instructions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sequence-selection", "name": "Sequence selection", "description": "Choose a move sequence appropriate to the known configuration, goal and executor.", "findings": [ { "id": "plan-preconditions-and-objective", "name": "Plan preconditions and objective", "description": "Record the starting-state assumptions, target and optimisation criterion behind a proposed sequence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which configuration and reference frame must hold before this sequence begins?", "kind": "definition", "id": "plan-preconditions-and-objective-q01" }, { "text": "Should the sequence prioritise a declared move-count metric, execution reliability, speed or teachability?", "kind": "action", "id": "plan-preconditions-and-objective-q02" }, { "text": "What simulation or derivation supports the claim that this sequence reaches the target?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "plan-preconditions-and-objective-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "execution-and-intervention", "name": "Execution and intervention", "description": "Relate planned turns to actual manipulation and handle departures from normal puzzle operation.", "rationale": "Physical resistance, missed interface actions and altered assembly can invalidate otherwise sound solving plans.", "layers": [ { "id": "turn-execution-feedback", "name": "Turn execution feedback", "description": "Check readiness and compare actual results with predicted transitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-turn-completion", "name": "Verified turn completion", "description": "Record whether a requested turn completed, stopped partway or affected a different layer.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the relevant layers aligned and unobstructed, or does the simulation interface accept the intended move?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-turn-completion-q01" }, { "text": "What observation confirms that the intended layer moved through the intended angle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-turn-completion-q02" }, { "text": "How should the agent stop, reobserve and update its configuration after a missed or unexpected turn?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-turn-completion-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "non-turn-interventions", "name": "Non-turn interventions", "description": "Distinguish solving from changes to assembly, markings or simulated state.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-boundary", "name": "Intervention boundary", "description": "Record resets, disassembly, piece reorientation or relabelling as interventions that require a new state assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proposed actions alter assembly, markings or stored state instead of applying a permitted puzzle turn?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intervention-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which interventions does the task authorise, and what observations must be repeated afterward?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Canonical 3×3×3 colour cube (the branded Rubik's Cube and its solid-colour equivalents)", "Speedcube (modern magnetized, tension- and compression-adjustable 3×3 competition hardware)", "Smart or connected 3×3 (on-board move sensing and app tracking)", "Original 1970s-1980s mechanism (early tile or sticker hardware, including the Hungarian Bűvös kocka)", "Mini or keychain 3×3", "Picture or promotional 3×3 (photographs, logos, or printed faces instead of solid colours)", "Stickerless factory-coloured 3×3 versus stickered 3×3", "3×3 shape modification that keeps the same cubie orbits (Mirror Blocks, Fisher Cube, and similar)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q173154", "note": "Item for the 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube as a puzzle type and cultural object." }, { "scheme": "WCA event ID", "value_or_pattern": "333", "note": "World Cube Association event code for the 3×3×3 Cube; related events use 333oh, 333bf, 333fm, 333mbf." }, { "scheme": "Hungarian patent", "value_or_pattern": "HU170062", "note": "Rubik's original 1975 patent for the spatial logic toy later sold as Bűvös kocka." }, { "scheme": "USPTO patent", "value_or_pattern": "US4378116", "note": "United States patent 'Mechanical puzzle' corresponding to the Rubik mechanism." }, { "scheme": "LCSH", "value_or_pattern": "Rubik's Cube", "note": "Library of Congress Subject Heading used in library and bibliographic records." }, { "scheme": "Trademark", "value_or_pattern": "RUBIK'S (word mark, notably Nice Class 28)", "note": "Brand owned by Rubik's Brand Ltd (now under Spin Master); product SKUs additionally carry ordinary GTIN/EAN/UPC codes that are edition-specific, not type-level." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WCA Regulations and Guidelines (World Cube Association) - competition definition of a 3×3×3 Cube, scrambling, inspection, timing, and puzzle legality.", "EN 71 series (CEN) - European toy safety when the cube is placed on the market as a toy.", "ASTM F963 (ASTM International) - United States toy-safety specification applying to cubes sold as toys.", "ISO 8124 (International Organization for Standardization) - international toy-safety series used in many jurisdictions for the same goods.", "Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act / 16 CFR toy rules (United States Congress / CPSC) - children's-product duties when marketed to children, including tracking labels and, where relevant, small-part and magnet provisions.", "National trademark and design-right regimes (including a well-known EUIPO/General Court dispute over a 3D colour-combination mark) - they govern use of the name RUBIK'S and some product dress, not the mathematical puzzle itself." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Sold worldwide as a mass-market mechanical puzzle and desk toy.", "Used as the canonical event in World Cube Association speedsolving competitions (singles, averages, one-handed, fewest moves, and blindfolded).", "Used in mathematics teaching to exhibit a concrete finite group, algorithms, and parity constraints.", "Printed as promotional merchandise (logos and photographs on the six faces).", "Collected as design and toy-history objects, including museum holdings.", "Paired with apps via smart cubes for timed practice and move reconstruction.", "Disassembled and reassembled by hobbyists for lubrication, magnetising, and tension setup." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Number of reachable configurations", "typical_range": "43252003274489856000 (exact)", "unit": "positions" }, { "quantity": "God's number in the face-turn metric", "typical_range": "20 (maximum over all reachable positions)", "unit": "face turns" }, { "quantity": "God's number in the quarter-turn metric", "typical_range": "26 (maximum over all reachable positions)", "unit": "quarter turns" }, { "quantity": "Cubie edge length of a typical 3×3×3", "typical_range": "55-57 (classic and most speedcubes); competition hardware commonly sits in a slightly wider band around that", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Mass of a typical 3×3×3", "typical_range": "70-120", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Facelets (coloured stickers or tiles)", "typical_range": "54 (exact for a complete 3×3×3)", "unit": "facelets" }, { "quantity": "Solve time after a standard scramble", "typical_range": "world-class singles about 3-6; trained hobbyists often 10-40; untrained first solves from minutes to hours", "unit": "s" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Piece pop or lock-up during a turn, sometimes leaving the cube in an illegal (unreachable) state that cannot be solved without disassembly.", "Sticker peeling or lost tiles, which destroy a unique colour reading of the state.", "Dried lubricant, over-tight tension, or debris causing poor corner cutting and mechanical freeze.", "Choking hazard from detached cubies or tiles in cubes marketed around young children.", "Ingestion hazard from small neodymium magnets used in many modern speedcubes.", "Counterfeit branded cubes with weak mechanisms and unauthorized RUBIK'S marking.", "Misassembly after a pop (odd corner twist, single-edge flip, or odd permutation), which is a user-induced unsolvable state rather than a defect of the group." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Hungary: original name Bűvös kocka (Magic Cube); the inventor and early manufacture are Hungarian.", "German-speaking countries: commonly Zauberwürfel.", "Sinophone markets: generic name 魔方 (mófāng); branded Rubik's product is a minority of a large China-centred manufacturing industry (GAN, MoYu, QiYi, and others).", "Japan: ルービックキューブ; an older 'Japanese' colour scheme placed white opposite blue rather than yellow.", "Western factory scheme is usually white opposite yellow, red opposite orange, blue opposite green, with a fixed clockwise colour cycle; stickerless Chinese speedcubes popularised that scheme globally.", "English usage often genericizes 'Rubik's cube' to any NxN cube, while the trademark and WCA event 333 remain specifically 3×3×3." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Pocket Cube (2×2×2)", "difference": "Count layers on a face: two versus three; a 2×2 has only corner cubies and no edge cubies." }, { "name": "Rubik's Revenge (4×4×4) and other even-order NxN cubes", "difference": "Four or more layers per face; reduction introduces parity cases that cannot occur on a mechanically intact 3×3." }, { "name": "Skewb", "difference": "Deep-cut corner-turning cube: turns are about cube vertices, not face centres." }, { "name": "Pyraminx", "difference": "Tetrahedral puzzle with four axes; it is not cubic and has a different group." }, { "name": "Square-1", "difference": "Middle-slice turns change the outline (shape-shifting); cubies are not uniformly cubic through a scramble." }, { "name": "Megaminx", "difference": "Dodecahedral analogue with twelve faces rather than six." }, { "name": "Nichols Cube / other 2×2 magnetic or early cubic puzzles", "difference": "Different mechanism and usually 2×2; they are historically adjacent patents, not the Rubik 3×3 face-turning core." }, { "name": "Ordinary coloured cube or die", "difference": "No face-turning mechanism and no cubie permutation group; faces do not rotate relative to a core." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Rubik's Cube this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to cover the conventional 3×3×3 puzzle concept, branded Rubik's products, or a broader family of sizes and variants?", "How should ownership be divided between this INF / INF.MED entry and any existing physical-object or interactive-simulation models?", "Which authoritative sources should establish the baseline move conventions and complete configuration-reachability checks?", "Which picture, symbol, tactile or shape-changing variants belong within this entry, and how do their completion criteria differ?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or any proposed bundle that should be linked instead of duplicated?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Rubik's Cube, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Rubik's Cube, interpret its configuration and condition, and choose justified moves or interventions toward a stated goal.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Sudoku Cube, Void Cube.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Rubik's Cube, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Sudoku Cube", "Void Cube" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Rubik's Cube from another, and a Rubik's Cube from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Rubik's Cube sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Rubik's Cube from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Rubik's Cube passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Rubik's Cube between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Rubik's Cube, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Rubik's Cube is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Rubik's Cube says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Rubik's Cube contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Rubik's Cube and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Rubik's Cube a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Rubik's Cube, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Rubik's Cube exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Rubik's Cube and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Rubik's Cube, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Rubik's Cube, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Rubik's Cube came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Rubik's Cube and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Rubik's Cube is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Rubik's Cube, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Rubik's Cube, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Rubik's Cube is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }