{ "model": { "rank": 3192, "code": "thing-q47263", "model_id": "vr.tr.chloroplast", "name": "chloroplast", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a chloroplast, assess its photosynthetic and cellular state, and select justified observations or interventions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q47263/", "tier": 2, "score": 89, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 89, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q47263", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47263", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:06:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 32.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c2f-be0a-7373-bdcd-d8acaa9b2a88\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: chloroplast\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c2f-bd73-7342-926a-e8418483bbec\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: chloroplast\nRegistry id: vr.tr.chloroplast\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q47263", "registryId": "vr.tr.chloroplast", "name": "chloroplast", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q47263/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.chloroplast", "name": "chloroplast", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a chloroplast, assess its photosynthetic and cellular state, and select justified observations or interventions.", "definition": "A chloroplast is a chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic plastid in plant and algal cells, descended from a cyanobacterial endosymbiont, whose thylakoid membranes support oxygenic photosynthesis and whose stroma contains machinery for carbon fixation and other biosynthetic processes.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the chloroplast as a photosynthetic plastid within a host cell or as an isolated organelle preparation, distinguishing individual organelles, organelle populations and measurements averaged across host tissue.", "in_scope": [ "Chloroplast identity, host-cell context and distinction from other plastid states", "Envelope, stroma and thylakoid organisation", "Light capture, electron transport and carbon-assimilation state", "Plastid genetic machinery and dependence on host-cell coordination", "Development, division, damage, turnover and experimental handling" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Host-organism taxonomy, geographic range and conservation assessment", "Whole-leaf anatomy and whole-plant productivity except as contextual evidence", "Free-living photosynthetic bacteria and their taxonomic classification", "Mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial inheritance", "Other plastid types except when distinguishing identity or recording transitions", "Purified pigments and photosynthetic protein complexes as independent experimental objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish that the object is a plastid associated with a eukaryotic host cell; chlorophyll fluorescence alone does not distinguish it from a photosynthetic bacterium.", "Use plastid identity together with chlorophyll-bearing photosynthetic membrane organisation to distinguish a chloroplast from a mitochondrion.", "Distinguish chloroplasts from other plastid states using developmental context, pigment composition and internal membrane organisation rather than green appearance alone.", "Distinguish an intact chloroplast from isolated thylakoids or membrane fragments by demonstrating the envelope and retained stromal compartment.", "Assess present activity separately from identity: loss of measurable photosynthesis may indicate damage or a developmental transition rather than absence of a chloroplast." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Host and observation context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Host organism, cell or tissue; in situ organelle or isolated preparation", "why_it_matters": "Identity, architecture and expected activity depend on host lineage and cellular context." }, { "name": "Observation scale", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Individual chloroplast; chloroplast population; isolated fraction; host-cell or tissue proxy", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a bulk measurement from being attributed to a particular organelle." }, { "name": "Plastid developmental state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Differentiating chloroplast; mature chloroplast; senescing chloroplast; other transition; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates developmental change from experimental injury." }, { "name": "Size and morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensions in µm; volume in µm³ where measured; shape and method recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and comparison without assuming a universal chloroplast shape." }, { "name": "Envelope integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intact; partially disrupted; ruptured; unassessed, with assay evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether transport, stromal retention and whole-organelle assays are interpretable." }, { "name": "Thylakoid organisation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed membrane arrangement and degree of stacking; imaging method recorded", "why_it_matters": "Describes the photosynthetic membrane system without requiring one lineage's architecture." }, { "name": "Pigment composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Identified pigments and amounts, with explicit mass, area or organelle-count normalisation", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and interpretation of light absorption and acclimation." }, { "name": "Photosystem II fluorescence response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless fluorescence-derived parameters, with illumination and adaptation protocol", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence about photochemical state but does not directly measure carbon fixation." }, { "name": "Carbon-assimilation activity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Carbon incorporated per unit time, with assay conditions and normalisation", "why_it_matters": "Tests metabolic output separately from pigment presence and electron transport." }, { "name": "Plastid genetic evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Associated plastid DNA, transcripts or gene products, with localisation and provenance", "why_it_matters": "Supports plastid identity and investigation of organelle maintenance." }, { "name": "Damage and recovery state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "No detected impairment; reversible downregulation; persistent impairment; degradation; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Guides whether to monitor recovery, change conditions or exclude a preparation." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and image chloroplasts while preserving their host-cell and developmental context.", "Measure pigment, fluorescence and carbon-assimilation responses under recorded illumination conditions.", "Isolate and fractionate chloroplasts, then assess integrity, purity and retained activity.", "Compare responses to controlled light, temperature or substrate changes using suitable controls.", "Track chloroplast differentiation, division, relocation and degradation within cells.", "Select host-appropriate perturbation methods and verify effects on both the chloroplast and its host." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "plastid-identity-and-host-context", "name": "Plastid identity and host context", "description": "Establish what is being called a chloroplast and where the observation belongs.", "rationale": "Chloroplasts are organelles rather than organismal taxa, and their identity cannot be inferred from green colour alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "chloroplast-recognition", "name": "Chloroplast recognition", "description": "Combine structural, pigment and cellular evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-chloroplast-identity", "name": "Evidence for chloroplast identity", "description": "Record the evidence supporting chloroplast identity and plausible alternative identifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which combination of plastid localisation, pigments and internal membranes supports identification as a chloroplast?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evidence-for-chloroplast-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What excludes another plastid state, a photosynthetic bacterium or a chlorophyll-containing fragment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-for-chloroplast-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "host-and-observation-unit", "name": "Host and observation unit", "description": "Connect the organelle to its biological source and measurement scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "organelle-versus-population-evidence", "name": "Organelle versus population evidence", "description": "Distinguish measurements of individual chloroplasts from preparation, cell and tissue averages.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which host, cell type and developmental condition supplied the observed chloroplasts?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "organelle-versus-population-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does each reported result describe one chloroplast, an isolated population or a host-tissue proxy?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "organelle-versus-population-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compartments-and-exchange", "name": "Compartments and exchange", "description": "Describe envelope integrity, internal membrane organisation and exchange with the host.", "rationale": "Chloroplast function depends on distinct compartments and controlled movement between them.", "layers": [ { "id": "envelope-and-stroma", "name": "Envelope and stroma", "description": "Assess organelle enclosure and retention of stromal contents.", "findings": [ { "id": "compartment-integrity", "name": "Compartment integrity", "description": "Record whether the preparation retains the physical boundaries needed for the intended assay.", "questions": [ { "text": "What assay demonstrates envelope integrity and retention of stromal contents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "compartment-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Is the experimental object an intact chloroplast, a disrupted chloroplast or a purified subfraction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "compartment-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thylakoids-and-transport", "name": "Thylakoids and transport", "description": "Record photosynthetic membrane architecture and relevant exchange pathways.", "findings": [ { "id": "membrane-organisation-and-access", "name": "Membrane organisation and access", "description": "Connect observed thylakoid structure and compartment access to the proposed measurement or intervention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What thylakoid arrangement is observed, and how was preparation-induced distortion assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "membrane-organisation-and-access-q01" }, { "text": "Which membranes must an introduced substrate or probe cross to reach its intended target?", "kind": "action", "id": "membrane-organisation-and-access-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "photosynthetic-and-metabolic-state", "name": "Photosynthetic and metabolic state", "description": "Assess light reactions and metabolic output as related but separate properties.", "rationale": "Pigment abundance or fluorescence alone cannot establish complete photosynthetic performance.", "layers": [ { "id": "light-capture-and-photochemistry", "name": "Light capture and photochemistry", "description": "Interpret pigment and photochemical measurements under defined conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-photochemical-response", "name": "Conditioned photochemical response", "description": "Associate each photosynthetic response with its illumination history and assay conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What light spectrum, photon flux, adaptation period and temperature accompanied the measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-photochemical-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements distinguish pigment abundance, photochemical activity and regulated energy dissipation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-photochemical-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "carbon-assimilation-and-metabolic-coupling", "name": "Carbon assimilation and metabolic coupling", "description": "Evaluate carbon incorporation and its dependence on organelle and host conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-metabolic-output", "name": "Demonstrated metabolic output", "description": "Record directly supported metabolic activity and limits on attributing bulk results to chloroplasts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What assay measures carbon incorporation, with which substrates, duration and normalisation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demonstrated-metabolic-output-q01" }, { "text": "Which contributions from host metabolism or contaminating material limit attribution of the result to chloroplasts?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "demonstrated-metabolic-output-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biogenesis-and-cellular-coordination", "name": "Biogenesis and cellular coordination", "description": "Track chloroplast formation, maintenance and integration with host-cell processes.", "rationale": "A chloroplast's genetic machinery does not make it independent of its host.", "layers": [ { "id": "genetic-and-protein-maintenance", "name": "Genetic and protein maintenance", "description": "Relate plastid expression and host-supplied components to organelle maintenance.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-origin-and-delivery", "name": "Component origin and delivery", "description": "Record evidence for where relevant components are encoded, synthesised and delivered.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components under study are plastid-encoded or host-nuclear-encoded, and what evidence establishes this?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "component-origin-and-delivery-q01" }, { "text": "How is localisation or import into the chloroplast verified for the component being manipulated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "component-origin-and-delivery-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-division", "name": "Development and division", "description": "Distinguish plastid differentiation, chloroplast division and changes in cellular abundance.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-trajectory", "name": "Developmental trajectory", "description": "Track organelle state and number without treating all changes as chloroplast reproduction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observations distinguish chloroplast division from differentiation of an existing plastid?", "kind": "definition", "id": "developmental-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "How do chloroplast number, size and developmental state change per host cell over time?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stress-handling-and-intervention", "name": "Stress, handling and intervention", "description": "Assess impairment and determine which experimental actions remain interpretable.", "rationale": "Illumination, isolation and handling can alter the chloroplast state that an agent intends to measure.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-recovery", "name": "Damage and recovery", "description": "Separate reversible responses from persistent injury and developmental degradation.", "findings": [ { "id": "reversibility-of-functional-loss", "name": "Reversibility of functional loss", "description": "Use recovery observations and independent evidence to interpret reduced activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does activity recover under defined recovery conditions, and over what observation period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reversibility-of-functional-loss-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence separates reversible photoprotection, persistent damage and senescence-associated degradation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reversibility-of-functional-loss-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preparation-and-perturbation-quality", "name": "Preparation and perturbation quality", "description": "Qualify isolated material and interventions for their intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "fitness-for-the-intended-assay", "name": "Fitness for the intended assay", "description": "Tie acceptance criteria and controls to the chloroplast function being investigated.", "questions": [ { "text": "What isolation history, elapsed time, storage conditions and contamination checks accompany this preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fitness-for-the-intended-assay-q01" }, { "text": "Which integrity, activity and host-effect controls must pass before the proposed intervention can be interpreted?", "kind": "action", "id": "fitness-for-the-intended-assay-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This entry covers an organelle, not an organism or taxon; species authorities, native ranges and conservation assessments do not apply.", "Dimensions and Fv/Fm values are approximate contextual benchmarks, not universal limits; algal chloroplast morphology and size vary substantially.", "Chloroplast envelope structure, genome organization and inheritance vary among lineages, particularly those with secondary or more complex endosymbiotic histories." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Discoid chloroplasts, common in land plants", "Cup-shaped chloroplasts, as in Chlamydomonas", "Spiral ribbon-shaped chloroplasts, as in Spirogyra", "Star-shaped chloroplasts, as in Zygnema" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Gene Ontology cellular component", "value_or_pattern": "GO:0009507", "note": "Identifies the cellular component category chloroplast, not a species or an individual organelle." }, { "scheme": "INSDC sequence accession", "value_or_pattern": "Accession with an optional version suffix", "note": "GenBank, ENA and DDBJ accessions identify deposited chloroplast genome or gene sequences; there is no single accession for chloroplasts collectively." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chloroplast photosynthesis supplies fixed carbon that supports plant growth and much agricultural production.", "Chloroplast DNA sequences support plant identification, phylogenetics and population studies.", "Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements help assess photosynthetic performance and plant stress.", "Chloroplast genetic engineering enables experimental production of proteins and modification of metabolic pathways.", "Isolated chloroplasts are used to study photosynthetic electron transport, carbon fixation and protein import." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Approximate diameter of a mature chloroplast in a typical land-plant leaf", "typical_range": "4-10", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Approximate thickness of a mature chloroplast in a typical land-plant leaf", "typical_range": "1-3", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, measured as dark-adapted Fv/Fm in healthy, unstressed leaves", "typical_range": "0.80-0.83", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Excess absorbed light can cause photoinhibition and damage photosynthetic machinery, particularly photosystem II.", "Reactive oxygen species generated during photosynthesis can damage chloroplast lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.", "Heat, chilling, drought and salinity can impair chloroplast metabolism and membrane function.", "Defects in chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast development or protein import can produce chlorosis, albinism or impaired growth.", "Some herbicides disrupt chloroplast electron transport or protective pigment synthesis, causing oxidative injury and plant death." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Differences in chloroplast form and physiology principally follow evolutionary lineage, tissue and environmental conditions rather than geographic boundaries.", "Chloroplast DNA variants can show geographic structure among populations, but such patterns require species-specific evidence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "plastid", "difference": "Plastid is the broader organelle category; chloroplasts are its photosynthetic members." }, { "name": "cyanobacterium", "difference": "A cyanobacterium is a prokaryotic organism; a chloroplast is an intracellular organelle dependent on its eukaryotic host." }, { "name": "mitochondrion", "difference": "Mitochondria principally support respiratory energy metabolism; chloroplasts contain chlorophyll-bearing thylakoids for photosynthetic energy conversion." }, { "name": "chromoplast", "difference": "A chromoplast specializes in carotenoid accumulation rather than photosynthesis, although chloroplasts can develop into chromoplasts." }, { "name": "etioplast", "difference": "An etioplast is a plastid formed in darkness in tissues that can green upon illumination; it has a prolamellar body and has not developed the normal chlorophyll-rich thylakoid system of a chloroplast." }, { "name": "chlorophyll", "difference": "Chlorophyll is a light-absorbing pigment molecule; a chloroplast is an organelle containing that pigment." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of chloroplast this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which host lineages must this model cover, and what variations in envelope and thylakoid architecture require explicit representation?", "What evidence should govern classification of transitional or strongly degraded plastids as chloroplasts in this registry?", "Which assay-specific acceptance thresholds for integrity, purity and retained activity are supported for each intended host and preparation method?", "How should the model represent retained chloroplasts in non-native hosts while distinguishing organelle origin from current cellular context?", "Which nonphotosynthetic chloroplast functions require dedicated layers for the intended applications?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a chloroplast, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a chloroplast, assess its photosynthetic and cellular state, and select justified observations or interventions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a chloroplast, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one chloroplast from another, and a chloroplast from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a chloroplast sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a chloroplast from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a chloroplast is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a chloroplast and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a chloroplast is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a chloroplast is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a chloroplast is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a chloroplast moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a chloroplast passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a chloroplast between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a chloroplast, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a chloroplast is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What chloroplast is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of chloroplast, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate chloroplast from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish chloroplast from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What chloroplast does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does chloroplast pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of chloroplast judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where chloroplast lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of chloroplast, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does chloroplast hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a chloroplast came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a chloroplast and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a chloroplast is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a chloroplast, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a chloroplast, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a chloroplast is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }