{ "model": { "rank": 4364, "code": "thing-q473194", "model_id": "vr.tr.ox", "name": "ox", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an ox as an individual working bovine, assess its condition and training, and judge whether proposed care, handling or work is appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q473194/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Bull of Saint Luke" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.ox", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q473194", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473194", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:03:21Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087c3-a6e7-7cb3-9674-b0e3ce6bf1cc\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ox\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered th", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 59.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087c3-a6dd-7c10-8d39-3c4311f24493\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ox\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ox\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for this b" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q473194", "registryId": "vr.tr.ox", "name": "ox", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q473194/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ox", "name": "ox", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an ox as an individual working bovine, assess its condition and training, and judge whether proposed care, handling or work is appropriate.", "definition": "An ox is a domesticated bovine trained for draught work, typically an adult castrated male, defined by its working role rather than by a distinct species or breed.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the individual bovine understood as an ox through its working role and training, while recording local usage of the term, taxonomic identity, sex and castration status separately; it does not treat ox as a species.", "in_scope": [ "Individual identity, bovine taxon, breed or ancestry, and evidence supporting designation as an ox", "Age, development, sex and castration status relevant to terminology and care", "Physical condition, mobility, hoof health and fitness for draught work", "Training, response to handlers and compatibility with working partners", "Yoke or harness fit, work demands, recovery and husbandry" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Species-wide taxonomy, native range and conservation assessments of cattle or other bovines", "Cattle populations and herd management beyond their effects on this individual", "Beef, hides and other products derived from cattle", "Breeding programmes and reproductive management as independent activities", "Engineering of carts, ploughs and yokes beyond their interfaces with the animal", "Ox symbolism, mythology and figurative uses of the word" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An ox is a bovine identified in a working-animal context, rather than a separate taxonomic species.", "In common agricultural usage, an ox is a trained draught bovine, typically a castrated male; local terminology must establish whether other sexes or statuses qualify.", "A steer's castration status alone does not establish that it is trained or recognised as an ox.", "A bull or cow used for traction requires explicit recording of sex and local naming practice rather than automatic reclassification as a castrated male.", "A water buffalo or another bovine used for draught work must retain its actual taxonomic identity even where local usage calls it an ox." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Basis of ox designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented working role; documented training; local designation; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidence of a working identity from assumptions based on appearance or castration." }, { "name": "Taxonomic and breed identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Taxon linked to an identified authority and dated record; breed or ancestry where supported", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a work-role label from replacing biological identity." }, { "name": "Sex and castration status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded sex; intact, castrated or unknown; evidence and date where available", "why_it_matters": "Supports accurate terminology and informed handling without inferring status from the name." }, { "name": "Age and developmental stage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Months or years, with known or estimated basis", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess training progression and whether proposed work suits development." }, { "name": "Body mass and condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Kilograms with measurement method; body condition score with named scale", "why_it_matters": "Supports nutrition and workload assessment without treating body size as proof of fitness." }, { "name": "Mobility and contact-site condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed gait, hoof condition, tenderness, swelling and lesions at yoke or harness contact sites", "why_it_matters": "Identifies conditions that may make traction painful or unsuitable." }, { "name": "Training and handler response", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed; learning; reliable in specified tasks; inconsistent; documented cues and context", "why_it_matters": "Makes competence specific to the handler, task and environment." }, { "name": "Working partner compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Partner identity, working side, pace compatibility and observed coordination", "why_it_matters": "A pair's performance and welfare depend on how the animals work together." }, { "name": "Work exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Task duration in minutes, distance in kilometres, rest intervals in minutes and traction force in newtons when measured", "why_it_matters": "Describes actual demand rather than assuming cart mass alone determines effort." } ], "affordances": [ "Verify whether the individual fits the intended local meaning of ox and record unresolved classification.", "Assess readiness for a specified draught task using condition, training and environmental observations.", "Match the animal with a compatible handler, partner and appropriately fitted yoke or harness.", "Plan gradual training and record reliable responses to working cues.", "Monitor work and recovery, interrupting activity when observed condition requires reassessment.", "Coordinate feeding, watering, hoof care and veterinary assessment using the individual's work and health history." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "ox-identity", "name": "Ox identity", "description": "Establishes which animal is being modelled and why it is called an ox.", "rationale": "Ox combines a bovine identity with a culturally variable working designation, so neither taxonomy nor castration alone defines the model boundary.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation-and-boundary", "name": "Designation and boundary", "description": "Records the intended sense of ox and its application to this individual.", "findings": [ { "id": "basis-for-ox-designation", "name": "Basis for ox designation", "description": "The designation should be supported by local terminology and evidence of working role or training.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does ox mean in the registry's intended agricultural and regional context?", "kind": "definition", "id": "basis-for-ox-designation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this animal from an untrained steer or another bovine merely capable of pulling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "basis-for-ox-designation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-individual", "name": "Biological individual", "description": "Separates individual identification from taxon, breed and reproductive status.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-bovine-identity", "name": "Documented bovine identity", "description": "Taxon, ancestry, sex, castration status and estimated age need their own evidence rather than being inferred from the word ox.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which records identify the individual and support its taxon, breed or ancestry, sex and castration status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-bovine-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What is its age or developmental stage, and how was that established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-bovine-identity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "draught-fitness", "name": "Draught fitness", "description": "Assesses the animal's present ability to perform a particular traction task without avoidable harm.", "rationale": "A trained ox may still be unfit for work because of impaired movement, injury, poor condition or inadequate recovery.", "layers": [ { "id": "locomotion-and-contact-sites", "name": "Locomotion and contact sites", "description": "Examines the feet, gait and body areas through which equipment transmits force.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-and-pressure-injury", "name": "Movement and pressure injury", "description": "Readiness assessment should include gait, hoof condition and injury at the actual yoke or harness contact sites.", "questions": [ { "text": "What gait changes, hoof defects, swelling or contact-site lesions are present before work?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "movement-and-pressure-injury-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed problems require work to stop and qualified assessment before it resumes?", "kind": "action", "id": "movement-and-pressure-injury-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-recovery", "name": "Condition and recovery", "description": "Relates developmental stage, body condition and recovery to proposed effort.", "findings": [ { "id": "individual-work-readiness", "name": "Individual work readiness", "description": "Readiness is specific to the animal and task; size, age or past performance alone cannot establish it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do recent body mass, body condition, appetite and post-work recovery observations show?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "individual-work-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "How should the proposed task change in response to this animal's development, current condition and recent workload?", "kind": "action", "id": "individual-work-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "training-and-teamwork", "name": "Training and teamwork", "description": "Records learned working behaviour and coordination with people and other oxen.", "rationale": "Draught work depends on learned responses and coordinated movement, which cannot be inferred from strength or a general temperament label.", "layers": [ { "id": "handler-cues", "name": "Handler cues", "description": "Documents cues, task competence and the conditions under which responses are reliable.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-training", "name": "Task-specific training", "description": "Training evidence should identify the handler, cues, equipment and task rather than assign an unrestricted trained status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which start, stop, turn and backing cues does the animal reliably follow, and with which handlers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-training-q01" }, { "text": "What gradual training step is appropriate before introducing a new implement, route or distraction?", "kind": "action", "id": "task-specific-training-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "paired-and-team-work", "name": "Paired and team work", "description": "Assesses coordination when the ox works alongside another animal.", "findings": [ { "id": "partner-and-position-fit", "name": "Partner and position fit", "description": "Partner familiarity, working side, pace and equipment arrangement affect coordination and distribution of effort.", "questions": [ { "text": "With which partners and on which working side has this ox demonstrated coordinated movement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "partner-and-position-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What observations of pace mismatch, uneven pulling or conflict require changing the pairing or setup?", "kind": "action", "id": "partner-and-position-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-system-and-care", "name": "Work system and care", "description": "Connects the ox's equipment and task demands with daily care and recovery.", "rationale": "The same animal can experience very different demands depending on traction resistance, equipment fit, terrain, weather and access to care.", "layers": [ { "id": "equipment-and-traction-demand", "name": "Equipment and traction demand", "description": "Evaluates how the chosen yoke or harness couples the animal to a particular load and route.", "findings": [ { "id": "fit-and-actual-effort", "name": "Fit and actual effort", "description": "Equipment assessment should address contact, movement and traction demand; load mass alone is insufficient to describe pulling effort.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does this yoke or harness contact the animal, and what evidence shows suitable fit during movement and pulling?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fit-and-actual-effort-q01" }, { "text": "How do slope, footing, implement resistance, duration and weather affect the proposed work demand?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fit-and-actual-effort-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "husbandry-and-work-cycle", "name": "Husbandry and work cycle", "description": "Links feeding, water, rest, shelter and routine care to the individual's work pattern.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-and-recovery-plan", "name": "Care and recovery plan", "description": "A working schedule should include care opportunities and observable criteria for reducing work or seeking help.", "questions": [ { "text": "What feeding, watering, rest, shelter and hoof-care arrangements support this ox's current work schedule?", "kind": "action", "id": "care-and-recovery-plan-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in appetite, movement, breathing, behaviour or recovery trigger reassessment before further work?", "kind": "action", "id": "care-and-recovery-plan-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the usual agricultural sense; broader historical uses of ox may denote cattle without requiring draught training or castration.", "An ox has no separate taxonomic authority, native range or species-level conservation assessment because it is a working category.", "Body mass, working age and sustainable pulling capacity require breed, animal, terrain, equipment and workload context; no universal ranges are supplied." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Plough oxen", "Cart oxen", "Logging oxen" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Bos taurus; Bos indicus", "note": "These names identify cattle taxa from which oxen commonly come; neither identifies the working role, and the taxonomic treatment of indicine cattle varies." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pulling ploughs and other agricultural implements", "Hauling carts and wagons", "Dragging timber", "Powering animal-driven mills or water-lifting equipment" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lameness and hoof injury can impair traction and mobility.", "Poorly fitted yokes or harnesses can cause wounds and pressure injuries.", "Excessive workloads, heat and inadequate water can cause exhaustion and heat stress.", "Handlers face risks from kicking, goring, crushing and uncontrolled movement of loads.", "Inadequate nutrition and infectious or parasitic disease can compromise health and working capacity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Working cattle may be taurine, indicine or crossbred, reflecting local livestock populations and conditions.", "Yoke designs, harnesses and the use of single animals or teams vary among farming traditions.", "Terms such as ox, bullock and working cattle differ in local usage, especially regarding age, sex and castration." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "cattle", "difference": "Cattle is the broader livestock category; an ox is an individual used or trained for draught work." }, { "name": "steer", "difference": "A steer is a castrated male bovine regardless of training or use; castration alone does not make it an ox." }, { "name": "bull", "difference": "A bull is an intact male bovine; the term specifies sex and reproductive condition rather than working role." }, { "name": "water buffalo", "difference": "Water buffalo belong to Bubalus bubalis and can perform similar draught work, but are taxonomically distinct from domestic cattle." }, { "name": "aurochs", "difference": "The aurochs is the extinct wild cattle ancestor, not a trained domestic working animal." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ox this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend the common trained, usually castrated male cattle sense, or a broader regional usage covering other working bovines?", "Does an existing Vercy cattle or working-animal model already cover this concept, and which ox-specific responsibilities should remain here?", "Which authoritative taxonomic records and identifiers apply to the bovines admitted by the final scope, without assigning species-level conservation status to a working role?", "Which regional husbandry and veterinary sources support workload, equipment-fit and recovery assessment for the intended animals and working conditions?", "How should local usage classify animals still in training, retired oxen and animals temporarily withdrawn from work?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ox, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an ox as an individual working bovine, assess its condition and training, and judge whether proposed care, handling or work is appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Bull of Saint Luke.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ox, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Bull of Saint Luke" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ox from another, and a ox from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ox sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ox from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a ox is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a ox and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a ox is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a ox is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a ox is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a ox moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ox passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ox between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ox, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ox is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What ox is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of ox, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate ox from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish ox from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What ox does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does ox pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of ox judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where ox lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of ox, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does ox hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ox came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ox and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ox is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ox, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ox, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ox is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }