{ "model": { "rank": 8837, "code": "thing-q474628", "model_id": "vr.tr.conjugation", "name": "conjugation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain verb conjugation and its categories, conjugate verbs in a given language with reliable patterns, describe conjugation classes and irregularities, and support language learning.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q474628/", "tier": 2, "score": 49, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "conjugation of Catalan verbs", "Russian conjugation", "Swedish conjugation", "Sardinian conjugation", "Latin conjugation", "a-Verb", "i-Verb", "o-Verb", "Dutch conjugation", "Arabic conjugation", "conjugation in Breton", "Spanish conjugation", "French verb morphology", "French conjugation", "Polish conjugation", "Danish conjugation", "regular and irregular verbs", "Irish conjugation", "Italian conjugation", "Japanese conjugation", "irregular verb", "regular verb", "Italian irregular verb", "French irregular verb", "Spanish irregular verb", "fourth conjugation verb (isolated form)", "third conjugation", "first conjugation verb", "second conjugation impersonal verb", "e/i conjugation verb (isolated form)", "Form VI", "Form Iq", "Form IIq", "Form IIIq", "Form IVq", "Form IX", "Form I/a~u", "Form I/i~i", "Form I", "Form I/u~u" ], "aliasCount": 82, "merged": 83, "knownIn": 49, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.conjugation", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q474628", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474628", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:11:08Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q474628", "registryId": "vr.tr.conjugation", "name": "conjugation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q474628/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.conjugation", "name": "conjugation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain verb conjugation and its categories, conjugate verbs in a given language with reliable patterns, describe conjugation classes and irregularities, and support language learning.", "definition": "The inflection of verbs for grammatical categories such as person, number, tense, aspect, mood and voice, and the resulting sets of forms, as in Latin, Russian, Swedish, Catalan and Sardinian conjugation and verb classes such as a-verbs; conjugation patterns are described in grammars, learned in language study, and vary from highly inflected languages to those with little verbal inflection.", "what_it_is_for": "Verb inflection.", "affordances": [ "explain conjugation categories", "conjugate verbs", "describe classes and irregularities", "support learning" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Verbal inflection", "Grammatical categories", "Conjugation classes", "Irregular verbs" ], "appearance": "Not physical; tables of verb forms.", "visual_identification": [ "Verb forms varying by person, tense and more", "Language-specific patterns", "Declension inflects nouns and adjectives" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "conjugation in Romance languages", "conjugation in Slavic languages", "conjugation in Germanic languages", "conjugation in classical languages", "verb classes and irregular verbs" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "inflection", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "grammatical category", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "complementation", "why": "another grammatical relation" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Korean", "why": "a language with verb inflection" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Descriptive and prescriptive grammars", "Language academy standards", "Linguistic annotation standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Wrong forms from overgeneralised patterns", "Confusing conjugation with declension", "Ignoring dialectal variation" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What conjugation is.", "rationale": "Grammar.", "layers": [ { "id": "categories", "name": "Categories", "description": "Categories inflected.", "findings": [ { "id": "categories-finding", "name": "Categories", "description": "Categories.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which grammatical categories do verbs inflect for, and how do languages differ in what they mark?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific language conjugation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classes", "name": "Classes", "description": "Conjugation classes.", "findings": [ { "id": "classes-finding", "name": "Classes", "description": "Classes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are conjugation classes such as Latin or Catalan conjugations and Swedish verb groups, and how are irregular verbs handled?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are classes described in grammars?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conjugate", "name": "Conjugate", "description": "Conjugating verbs.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Producing forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is this verb conjugated in this language, and which forms are irregular?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which reference confirms the forms?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learning conjugation.", "findings": [ { "id": "learn-finding", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learning.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can learners master conjugation patterns, and which resources and tools help?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which errors are common?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Across languages.", "rationale": "Linguistics.", "layers": [ { "id": "typology", "name": "Typology", "description": "Typology.", "findings": [ { "id": "typology-finding", "name": "Typology", "description": "Typology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do languages range from rich conjugation to little verbal inflection, and how does this relate to word order?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits linguistic typology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "change", "name": "Change", "description": "Historical change.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-finding", "name": "Change", "description": "Change.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do conjugation systems change over time, such as the loss of inflection in English?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tools", "name": "Tools", "description": "Computation and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "nlp", "name": "NLP", "description": "Conjugation in computing.", "findings": [ { "id": "nlp-finding", "name": "NLP", "description": "Computation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do morphological analysers and conjugators handle verb inflection?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits computational morphology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can conjugation be taught effectively?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each language conjugation be a separate entry?", "How should grammars be linked?", "How should irregular verbs be documented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a conjugation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain verb conjugation and its categories, conjugate verbs in a given language with reliable patterns, describe conjugation classes and irregularities, and support language learning.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: conjugation of Catalan verbs, Russian conjugation, Swedish conjugation, Sardinian conjugation, Latin conjugation, a-Verb, i-Verb, o-Verb, Dutch conjugation, Arabic conjugation, conjugation in Breton, Spanish conjugation.", "83 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a conjugation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "conjugation of Catalan verbs", "Russian conjugation", "Swedish conjugation", "Sardinian conjugation", "Latin conjugation", "a-Verb", "i-Verb", "o-Verb", "Dutch conjugation", "Arabic conjugation", "conjugation in Breton", "Spanish conjugation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 49 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 83 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one conjugation from another, and a conjugation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a conjugation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a conjugation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a conjugation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a conjugation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a conjugation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a conjugation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What conjugation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of conjugation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is conjugation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of conjugation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of conjugation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as conjugation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a conjugation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a conjugation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a conjugation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a conjugation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a conjugation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a conjugation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }