{
    "model": {
        "rank": 6493,
        "code": "thing-q476294",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.oriental-studies",
        "name": "oriental studies",
        "purpose": "Let an agent explain oriental studies as a historical and current academic field, describe its subfields and institutions, present the Orientalism critique and responses with attribution, and support students and researchers.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Information and virtual systems",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "INF",
        "domain": "INF.KNW",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q476294/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 60,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "Islamic revealed knowledge and heritage",
                "Siberian studies",
                "Asian studies",
                "Semitic studies",
                "Coptology",
                "Hong Kong studies",
                "South Asia studies",
                "Middle Eastern studies",
                "Mandaean studies",
                "Palestine studies",
                "oriental languages",
                "Near Eastern studies",
                "sinology",
                "Bahá'í studies",
                "Arabic studies",
                "Kalmykology",
                "tungustology",
                "yakutology",
                "Ottoman studies",
                "Korean studies",
                "Turkology",
                "Islamic studies",
                "Japanese studies",
                "Austronesian studies",
                "Central Asian studies",
                "Southeast Asian studies",
                "Maltese studies",
                "Aramaic studies",
                "Syriac studies",
                "Oman studies",
                "Jian jia xue pai",
                "Hakka studies",
                "Taiwan studies",
                "kangaku",
                "Dunhuangology",
                "Arabic literature",
                "study of Jangar",
                "North Korean studies",
                "Bashkir studies",
                "Islamic worldview"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 56,
            "merged": 56,
            "knownIn": 60,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q476294",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476294",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T05:22:09Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Claude"
                ],
                "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
                "pass": 2,
                "wave": 2,
                "engine": "claude"
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q476294",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.oriental-studies",
                "name": "oriental studies",
                "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "INF.KNW"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q476294/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.oriental-studies",
                "name": "oriental studies",
                "purpose": "Let an agent explain oriental studies as a historical and current academic field, describe its subfields and institutions, present the Orientalism critique and responses with attribution, and support students and researchers.",
                "definition": "The academic study of the languages, histories, cultures, religions and societies of Asia and North Africa, historically grouped under the term oriental studies and now more often organised as Asian studies, Middle Eastern studies, Semitic studies, Coptology, Siberian studies and other regional and disciplinary fields; the term and the field have been criticised for colonial framing, most influentially in the debate over Orientalism, and are described here with positions attributed.",
                "what_it_is_for": "Study of Asian and North African languages and cultures.",
                "affordances": [
                    "explain the field",
                    "describe subfields",
                    "present critiques with attribution",
                    "support students"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "Philological roots",
                    "Regional subfields",
                    "Contested term",
                    "Institutional history"
                ],
                "appearance": "Not physical; an academic field.",
                "visual_identification": [
                    "Study of Asia and North Africa in Western academia",
                    "Asian, Middle Eastern, Semitic and other studies",
                    "Area studies is the broader category; scholarship from the regions themselves has its own traditions"
                ],
                "physical_properties": [],
                "families_and_kinds": [
                    "Middle Eastern and Islamic studies",
                    "East and South Asian studies",
                    "Semitic studies and Coptology",
                    "Central Asian and Siberian studies",
                    "historical orientalist scholarship"
                ],
                "related_models": [
                    {
                        "relation": "is a kind of",
                        "target": "area studies",
                        "why": "category"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is related to",
                        "target": "Latin script",
                        "why": "romanisation used in the field"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is related to",
                        "target": "Indian religions",
                        "why": "a subject of study"
                    },
                    {
                        "relation": "is related to",
                        "target": "imperialism",
                        "why": "the colonial context of the field"
                    }
                ],
                "identifiers": [],
                "standards_and_regulation": [
                    "Academic standards and peer review",
                    "Research ethics",
                    "University programme accreditation"
                ],
                "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
                    "Using the term uncritically",
                    "Ignoring scholarship from the regions studied",
                    "Presenting the Orientalism debate one-sidedly"
                ],
                "in_scope": [],
                "out_of_scope": [],
                "characteristics": []
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "understand",
                        "name": "Understand",
                        "description": "What oriental studies is.",
                        "rationale": "Attribution.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "concept",
                                "name": "Concept",
                                "description": "Concept and terminology.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "concept-finding",
                                        "name": "Concept",
                                        "description": "Concept.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is oriental studies, why is the term contested, and how is the field organised today?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the presentation attributed and neutral?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "subfields",
                                "name": "Subfields",
                                "description": "Subfields.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "subfields-finding",
                                        "name": "Subfields",
                                        "description": "Subfields.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What subfields such as Middle Eastern, Asian, Semitic and Siberian studies exist, and how are they organised?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits a specific subfield?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "debate",
                        "name": "Debate",
                        "description": "The Orientalism debate.",
                        "rationale": "Attribution.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "critique",
                                "name": "Critique",
                                "description": "Critique.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "critique-finding",
                                        "name": "Critique",
                                        "description": "Critique.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What is the critique of Orientalism, and what did it argue about the field, with positions attributed?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits postcolonial studies?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "responses",
                                "name": "Responses",
                                "description": "Responses.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "responses-finding",
                                        "name": "Responses",
                                        "description": "Responses.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How have scholars responded to the critique, and how has the field changed, with positions attributed?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is the presentation balanced?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "study",
                        "name": "Study",
                        "description": "Studying and researching.",
                        "rationale": "Practice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "programmes",
                                "name": "Programmes",
                                "description": "Programmes.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "programmes-finding",
                                        "name": "Programmes",
                                        "description": "Programmes.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How are programmes structured, and what language and methodological training do they involve?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits higher education?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "sources",
                                "name": "Sources",
                                "description": "Sources and scholarship from the regions.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "sources-finding",
                                        "name": "Sources",
                                        "description": "Sources.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How can scholarship from the regions themselves be found and integrated?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which references are standard?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "learn",
                        "name": "Learn",
                        "description": "History and teaching.",
                        "rationale": "Education.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "history",
                                "name": "History",
                                "description": "History.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "history-finding",
                                        "name": "History",
                                        "description": "History.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How did the field develop from early philology through colonial institutions to modern area studies?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which entry fits the history of scholarship?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "teach",
                                "name": "Teach",
                                "description": "Teaching.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "teach-finding",
                                        "name": "Teach",
                                        "description": "Teaching.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How can the field and its critiques be taught?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Should each subfield be a separate entry?",
                "How should institutions be linked?",
                "How should the critique be attributed?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 4,
                "layers": 8,
                "findings": 8,
                "questions": 16
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a oriental studies, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain oriental studies as a historical and current academic field, describe its subfields and institutions, present the Orientalism critique and responses with attribution, and support students and researchers.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "information",
                "origin": "conceptual",
                "agency": "inert"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "read and interpreted"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Islamic revealed knowledge and heritage, Siberian studies, Asian studies, Semitic studies, Coptology, Hong Kong studies, South Asia studies, Middle Eastern studies, Mandaean studies, Palestine studies, oriental languages, Near Eastern studies.",
                "56 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a oriental studies, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "read it and act on what it says"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "Islamic revealed knowledge and heritage",
                        "Siberian studies",
                        "Asian studies",
                        "Semitic studies",
                        "Coptology",
                        "Hong Kong studies",
                        "South Asia studies",
                        "Middle Eastern studies",
                        "Mandaean studies",
                        "Palestine studies",
                        "oriental languages",
                        "Near Eastern studies"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 56 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one oriental studies from another, and a oriental studies from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a oriental studies sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a oriental studies from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a oriental studies passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a oriental studies between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a oriental studies, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a oriental studies is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "content-and-access",
                        "name": "Content, encoding and access",
                        "description": "What a oriental studies says, how it is encoded and who may read it.",
                        "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "content-and-encoding",
                                "name": "Content and encoding",
                                "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "content-and-format",
                                        "name": "Content, format and language",
                                        "description": "What a oriental studies contains and in what form it is held.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "content-and-format-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "access-and-rights",
                                "name": "Access, rights and retention",
                                "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "access-rules",
                                        "name": "Access rules and retention",
                                        "description": "The permissions attached to a oriental studies and the period it survives.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes access to a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "access-rules-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "subject-and-method",
                        "name": "Subject matter and method",
                        "description": "What oriental studies studies and how it establishes anything.",
                        "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "subject",
                                "name": "Subject matter",
                                "description": "The questions it takes as its own.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "subject-record",
                                        "name": "Questions and objects of study",
                                        "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "subject-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What questions and objects does oriental studies take as its own?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "subject-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "method",
                                "name": "Method and evidence",
                                "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "method-record",
                                        "name": "Methods and standards of evidence",
                                        "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "method-record-q01",
                                                "text": "By what methods does oriental studies establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "method-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "institutions-and-classification",
                        "name": "Institutions and classification",
                        "description": "Where oriental studies is practised and how catalogues place it.",
                        "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "institutions",
                                "name": "Institutional markers",
                                "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "institution-record",
                                        "name": "Bodies and venues",
                                        "description": "Where the field organises itself.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "institution-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark oriental studies as an established field?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "institution-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification",
                                "name": "Classification schemes",
                                "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "classification-record",
                                        "name": "Codes and their disagreements",
                                        "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "classification-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Which classification schemes place oriental studies, under what codes?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "classification-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a oriental studies came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a oriental studies and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a oriental studies is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a oriental studies, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a oriental studies, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a oriental studies is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 12,
                "findings": 14,
                "questions": 38
            }
        }
    }
}