{ "model": { "rank": 5839, "code": "thing-q48171", "model_id": "vr.tr.geiger-counter", "name": "Geiger counter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Geiger counter, assess whether its readings are usable for a stated task, and decide which measurements or maintenance actions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q48171/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "GMC", "Terra-P", "Federal Civil Defense Administration geiger counter", "Civil Defense geiger counter" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q48171", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48171", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:34:30Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0473326, "turns": 2, "seconds": 136.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 89.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b36-0d4c-72a1-b83f-5437b30e2163\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Geiger counter\nRegistry id: vr.tr.geiger-counter\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q48171", "registryId": "vr.tr.geiger-counter", "name": "Geiger counter", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q48171/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.geiger-counter", "name": "Geiger counter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Geiger counter, assess whether its readings are usable for a stated task, and decide which measurements or maintenance actions are justified.", "definition": "A Geiger-Müller counter is a gas-filled ionizing-radiation instrument operated on the Geiger plateau, in which each primary ionization in the tube triggers a self-limiting avalanche whose pulse height is essentially independent of deposited energy, so events are counted rather than spectroscopically resolved.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, Geiger-Müller detection configuration, operating condition, measurement context, interpretation limits and permitted use of an individual Geiger counter, including its installed or connected probe.", "in_scope": [ "Instrument identity and evidence that it uses a Geiger-Müller detector", "Detector tube, probe window, shielding and supported radiation response", "Power, configuration, functional checks and calibration applicability", "Count observations and any instrument-derived dose-rate indications", "Measurement geometry, background, timing and high-rate limitations", "Task suitability, alarms and instrument-specific handling constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Identity, composition and activity inventory of radioactive sources", "A person's accumulated exposure record or medical assessment", "Radiation transport and shielding design for a facility", "Site-wide radiation protection procedures and regulatory compliance", "Internal models of scintillation, semiconductor or ionisation-chamber instruments", "Radioactive material remediation and waste disposal operations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Documentation identifies a Geiger-Müller tube as the sensing element; clicks, a radiation symbol or a count display alone do not establish this.", "The instrument detects and counts tube discharge events; distinguish it from an ionisation-chamber instrument whose measurement depends on collected ionisation current.", "Its Geiger-Müller channel does not itself provide an energy-resolved spectrum for identifying radionuclides; distinguish this from a spectrometer or a hybrid instrument's separate spectroscopy channel.", "An accumulated-dose display does not by itself establish suitability as a personal dosimeter; the documented intended use and performance must support that role." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Detection technology evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented Geiger-Müller; documented hybrid; unverified", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether this model applies and which sensing channel it describes." }, { "name": "Installed detector and probe", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Instrument linked to tube or probe model, serial number where available, and connection", "why_it_matters": "Radiation response and calibration applicability depend on the actual detector configuration." }, { "name": "Supported radiation response", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented radiation types and energy ranges, each with supporting evidence; unknown where unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents assuming that every Geiger counter detects every relevant radiation type." }, { "name": "Detector entrance and shielding configuration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Window type and condition; cap, shutter or shield position; protective covering", "why_it_matters": "The material between the source and detector can change which radiation reaches the sensitive volume." }, { "name": "Count observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Counts over a recorded interval in seconds; counts per second or counts per minute with averaging interval", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the observation needed to interpret statistical variation and compare measurements." }, { "name": "Indicated dose rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Displayed value and unit, such as µSv/h, together with the stated dose quantity and conversion basis", "why_it_matters": "A dose-rate indication requires a supported relationship between detector response and the radiation field." }, { "name": "Measurement geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Detector-to-target distance in mm or cm, orientation, surveyed area and intervening materials", "why_it_matters": "Changes in placement can change the reading without any change in the target." }, { "name": "Background reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked background observation with location, time, duration and detector configuration", "why_it_matters": "Supports defensible comparison between target readings and ambient counts." }, { "name": "Measurement readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unchecked; ready for a specified task; restricted; failed; unknown, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Combines relevant power, inspection, response-check and calibration evidence without treating power-on as proof of readiness." }, { "name": "High-rate validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Within documented operating range; overload indicated; suspected saturation; unknown", "why_it_matters": "A low or stable display cannot establish a low radiation field when detector or electronics limitations may invalidate it." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the installed Geiger-Müller channel and determine whether its documented response fits the intended measurement.", "Configure supported counting modes, averaging intervals, probe settings and alarms under the applicable procedure.", "Record timed counts or displayed readings together with background, geometry and instrument condition.", "Compare repeat observations made under compatible conditions and flag unsupported comparisons.", "Perform documented inspections and authorised functional checks, then classify task-specific readiness.", "Flag suspect readings, restrict unsupported interpretations and refer failed or unsuitable equipment for service or replacement." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-geiger-counter", "title": "Geiger counter", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger_counter", "what_it_supports": "Instrument definition, end-window/pancake/windowless kinds, neutron variant, and typical survey uses", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-gm-tube", "title": "Geiger-Müller tube", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93M%C3%BCller_tube", "what_it_supports": "Tube constructions (end-window, pancake, thick-walled, thin-walled) and wall-thickness practice", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q48171", "title": "Geiger counter (Q48171)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48171", "what_it_supports": "Wikidata identifier, aliases (Geiger-Müller counter), inception 1928, and that the instrument has a Geiger-Müller tube as a part", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-60846-2", "title": "IEC 60846-2:2015 Radiation protection instrumentation - Ambient and/or directional dose equivalent (rate) meters and/or monitors for beta, X and gamma radiation - Part 2", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/", "what_it_supports": "IEC performance standard for portable emergency dose-rate meters; points to IEC 60846-1 and IEC 60325 for workplace meters and contamination probes", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-60325-2002", "title": "IEC 60325:2002 Radiation protection instrumentation - Alpha, beta and alpha/beta (beta energy > 60 keV) contamination meters and monitors", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/14947", "what_it_supports": "IEC requirements for surface-contamination meters of the kind that commonly use pancake GM probes", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "philips-gm-1986", "title": "Philips Geiger-Müller Tubes (T06 databook, June 1986)", "url": "https://bitsavers.org/components/philips/_dataBooks/1986_T06_Philips_Geiger-Muller_Tubes.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Manufacturer definition of a GM tube, ZP/MX type-code scheme, terminology pointing to IEC 50-531, and typical dose-rate ranges of commercial tubes", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "nuclear-power-gm", "title": "Geiger Counter - Geiger-Mueller Detector", "url": "https://www.nuclear-power.com/nuclear-engineering/radiation-detection/gaseous-ionization-detector/geiger-counter-geiger-mueller-detector/", "what_it_supports": "End-window versus windowless practice, mica window areal density, alpha air-gap constraint, and ~1% gamma efficiency of steel-walled tubes", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "radiation-dosimetry-gm-vs-prop", "title": "What is Geiger Counter vs Proportional Counter", "url": "https://www.radiation-dosimetry.org/what-is-geiger-counter-vs-proportional-counter-definition/", "what_it_supports": "Lack of energy/type discrimination, dead-time limitation, and the contrast with proportional counters", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-civil-defense-gm", "title": "Civil defense Geiger counters", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Defense_geiger_counters", "what_it_supports": "Colloquial US/UK naming, CD V-700 as a true GM set, saturation under-reading, and that many 'Geiger' civil-defense meters were ion chambers", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-zaehlrohr", "title": "Zählrohr", "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A4hlrohr", "what_it_supports": "German naming (Geigerzähler, Auslösezählrohr) and that 'Zählrohr' can mean ionization chamber, proportional, or GM depending on operating region", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "geiger-detection-identity", "name": "Geiger detection identity", "description": "Establishes which instrument and Geiger-Müller sensing configuration the model describes.", "rationale": "A product name or audible click is insufficient to establish detector technology or measurement capability.", "layers": [ { "id": "instrument-and-channel", "name": "Instrument and channel", "description": "Identifies the instrument and separates its Geiger-Müller channel from any other sensing functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "gm-channel-evidence", "name": "Geiger-Müller channel evidence", "description": "Records the evidence needed to classify the device and identify the channel producing an observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer document, marking or service record identifies the detector as a Geiger-Müller tube?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "gm-channel-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the device contain other detector technologies, and which channel supplies each displayed quantity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "gm-channel-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "probe-and-sensitive-entrance", "name": "Probe and sensitive entrance", "description": "Connects detector identity to the physical path through which radiation reaches it.", "findings": [ { "id": "installed-probe-configuration", "name": "Installed probe configuration", "description": "Records the tube or probe, its entrance window and the shielding or covers present during use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tube or probe is installed, and does the instrument configuration identify that probe correctly?", "kind": "definition", "id": "installed-probe-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "What window, housing, cap, shutter or covering lies between the target and the detector's sensitive region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-probe-configuration-q02" }, { "text": "Which radiation types and energy ranges are documented for this exact configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "installed-probe-configuration-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-and-interpretation", "name": "Response and interpretation", "description": "Defines what each indication represents and the conditions under which it supports an inference.", "rationale": "Counts, dose-rate indications and radionuclide identification are different claims requiring different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "counting-and-dose-conversion", "name": "Counting and dose conversion", "description": "Distinguishes observed events from quantities derived through instrument processing or calibration.", "findings": [ { "id": "displayed-quantity-basis", "name": "Displayed quantity basis", "description": "Records units, averaging and any conversion that connects counts to a displayed radiation quantity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the observation a timed total, count rate, dose rate or accumulated indication, and what interval or averaging setting applies?", "kind": "definition", "id": "displayed-quantity-basis-q01" }, { "text": "If dose units are displayed, what dose quantity, reference radiation and response correction support that indication?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "displayed-quantity-basis-q02" }, { "text": "Which intended conclusions require information that this counting channel cannot supply, such as radionuclide identity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "displayed-quantity-basis-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-limits", "name": "Response limits", "description": "Captures conditions that can make an indication insensitive, biased or misleading.", "findings": [ { "id": "rate-and-field-validity", "name": "Rate and field validity", "description": "Records the evidence needed to assess count losses, overload and applicability to the encountered radiation field.", "questions": [ { "text": "What usable count-rate range, dead-time behaviour and overload response are documented for this detector and electronics combination?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "rate-and-field-validity-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or operating condition suggests that the reading may lie outside those limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "rate-and-field-validity-q02" }, { "text": "When validity is uncertain, which interpretations must be withheld and which alternative measurement is required by the applicable procedure?", "kind": "action", "id": "rate-and-field-validity-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-and-background", "name": "Measurement and background", "description": "Preserves the observation conditions needed to interpret and reproduce a Geiger-counter measurement.", "rationale": "A displayed number without counting time, background or detector placement cannot support a reliable comparison.", "layers": [ { "id": "target-and-geometry", "name": "Target and geometry", "description": "Describes what was surveyed and how the detector was positioned or moved.", "findings": [ { "id": "survey-placement", "name": "Survey placement", "description": "Records the target relationship, detector orientation and stationary or scanning measurement method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What target or location was measured, at what distance and orientation relative to the detector's sensitive region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "survey-placement-q01" }, { "text": "Was the probe stationary or scanning, and what dwell time, scan speed and coverage were recorded?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "survey-placement-q02" }, { "text": "Which barriers, probe coverings or placement changes limit comparison with another observation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "survey-placement-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "background-and-variation", "name": "Background and variation", "description": "Connects target observations to background and the variation inherent in counting.", "findings": [ { "id": "count-comparison-evidence", "name": "Count comparison evidence", "description": "Preserves gross observations and the evidence supporting any background subtraction or detection decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "What gross counts and acquisition duration were recorded for both the target and the background reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "count-comparison-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Were background and target observations obtained with compatible settings, geometry where relevant, and environmental conditions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "count-comparison-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which documented statistical method or task criterion determines whether the difference warrants a repeat measurement or further investigation?", "kind": "action", "id": "count-comparison-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness-and-use-decisions", "name": "Readiness and use decisions", "description": "Determines whether the configured instrument can support a particular task and what actions follow from its condition.", "rationale": "A functioning display does not establish detector response, applicable calibration or suitability for a proposed radiation measurement.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-and-calibration-evidence", "name": "Functional and calibration evidence", "description": "Separates physical condition and response checks from calibration evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-readiness-evidence", "name": "Task readiness evidence", "description": "Records power condition, detector integrity, response-check results and calibration coverage for the installed configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do the documented inspection and functional-check results show about the battery, probe window, cable, controls and detector response?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-readiness-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which calibration record covers this instrument and probe, for which quantities and conditions, and does it meet the task's requirements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "task-readiness-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which failed, missing or inapplicable check prevents the instrument from being declared ready for this task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "task-readiness-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "alarms-and-handling", "name": "Alarms and handling", "description": "Connects indications and detector vulnerabilities to authorised operational actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "indication-response-and-probe-care", "name": "Indication response and probe care", "description": "Records alarm meaning, response procedures and handling constraints that protect the probe and preserve measurement validity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which quantity and threshold drive each alarm, and what procedure defines the required response?", "kind": "action", "id": "indication-response-and-probe-care-q01" }, { "text": "What documented handling, protective-cover and cleaning restrictions apply to this probe and its window?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "indication-response-and-probe-care-q02" }, { "text": "What action is required after suspected probe contamination, window damage, overload or failed response checking?", "kind": "action", "id": "indication-response-and-probe-care-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "End-window (typically mica) counters for alpha particles and low-energy beta", "Pancake-probe contamination monitors with a large thin window", "Thin-walled windowless tubes for high-energy beta and low-energy X/gamma", "Thick-walled steel tubes for gamma above about 25 keV", "Energy-compensated gamma dose-rate survey meters", "Halogen-quenched versus organic-quenched tubes", "Neutron-sensitive tubes (BF3 fill or boron lining)", "Pocket/personal GM monitors and civil-defense survey sets" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q48171", "note": "Item for the instrument (Geiger-Müller counter); the tube is a distinct part" }, { "scheme": "HS / Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "9030.10", "note": "Complete instruments and apparatus for detecting or measuring ionizing radiation" }, { "scheme": "HTS (United States)", "value_or_pattern": "8540.89.00", "note": "Bare Geiger-Müller tubes classified as other gas-filled tubes" }, { "scheme": "IEC 81346-2", "value_or_pattern": "BRE", "note": "Reference-designation class 'radiation counter'" }, { "scheme": "Philips / Centronic type code", "value_or_pattern": "ZP#### or MX###", "note": "Historical commercial GM-tube catalogue numbers (e.g. ZP1200 / MX146)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60846-1:2009 - portable workplace and environmental ambient/directional dose-equivalent (rate) meters for beta, X and gamma (IEC SC 45B)", "IEC 60846-2:2015 - high-range portable emergency beta/photon dose and dose-rate meters (IEC SC 45B)", "IEC 60325:2002 - alpha, beta and alpha/beta surface-contamination meters and monitors (IEC SC 45B)", "IEC 60050-531 (IEC 50-531) - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary terminology used for GM tubes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Handheld workplace and environmental dose-rate surveys around nuclear plants, isotope labs, and medical radiation rooms", "Surface-contamination 'frisking' of hands, clothing, tools and waste with a pancake probe", "Civil-defense and emergency-response kits (historically the US CD V-700; still used by some volunteer and training programmes)", "Teaching-lab counting of alpha/beta sources where a loud click per event is the point", "Orphan-source and scrap-metal screening at yards and borders", "Consumer environmental monitoring sold as 'Geiger counters', especially after the 2011 Fukushima releases" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Count rate (observed pulses)", "typical_range": "background about 0.1-1; saturates above a few thousand", "unit": "s^-1" }, { "quantity": "Ambient dose equivalent rate H*(10) on portable GM survey meters", "typical_range": "about 0.01 µSv/h to 50 mSv/h on many handheld units; natural background typically 0.05-0.2 µSv/h", "unit": "µSv/h" }, { "quantity": "Tube operating voltage on the Geiger plateau", "typical_range": "about 400-1200", "unit": "V" }, { "quantity": "Dead time / recovery after a pulse", "typical_range": "about 100-1000 (typically a few hundred)", "unit": "µs" }, { "quantity": "End-window areal density (mica)", "typical_range": "about 1.5-2.0", "unit": "mg/cm²" }, { "quantity": "Fill-gas pressure", "typical_range": "a few tenths of an atmosphere", "unit": "atm" }, { "quantity": "Intrinsic gamma detection efficiency of a steel-walled tube", "typical_range": "about 1 over a wide energy range", "unit": "%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Dead-time paralysis at high rates: the meter can under-read, even toward zero, in a field that should peg the scale", "Organic quench gas is consumed; alcohol-quenched tubes wear out and then go into continuous discharge or stop counting", "Thin mica windows puncture easily, dumping fill gas and killing the tube", "Pulse height carries no energy or particle-type information, so a count rate can be mistaken for a dose or an identified isotope", "Uncompensated tubes have a strongly energy-dependent gamma response and can mis-state H*(10)", "Overvoltage produces continuous discharge; undervoltage drops off the plateau and under-counts", "Glass envelopes are mechanically fragile; halogen fill is chemically aggressive to some electrode metals" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In German technical use, Geigerzähler or Auslösezählrohr names the tube; everyday Geigerzähler often means any complete radiation meter", "In US civil defense, 'Geiger counter' is a colloquial name for any handheld radiological survey meter; many issued CD instruments were ionization chambers, not GM tubes", "US field practice still often reports mR/h; Europe and post-Fukushima consumer meters almost always display µSv/h", "UK operational language splits 'contamination monitor' (pancake/frisker) from 'dose-rate meter', even when both use GM tubes", "Japan saw a large consumer GM-meter market after 2011, with public discussion framed in µSv/h rather than counts" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Proportional counter", "difference": "Pulse height scales with energy deposited and can discriminate alpha from beta; a GM pulse is essentially the same size for every event" }, { "name": "Ionization-chamber survey meter", "difference": "Collects charge without a Geiger avalanche, so it stays linear at high dose rates where a GM tube is dead or paralyzed" }, { "name": "Scintillation survey meter", "difference": "Converts energy to light and can retain energy information with microsecond-scale dead time; a GM tube cannot spectroscopically resolve events" }, { "name": "Civil-defense ion-chamber 'Geiger' (high-range CD sets)", "difference": "Same colloquial name and yellow box, but no GM tube: look for a sealed ion chamber and a high R/h scale rather than a thin-window probe and clicker" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Geiger counter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the registry entry include bare Geiger-Müller detector modules, or only instruments that provide counting and an accessible indication?", "How should hybrid instruments link this model to separate detector-channel models without duplicating the physical instrument's identity?", "Which manufacturer documents establish radiation response, dead time, overload behaviour and dose-conversion limits for the instrument variants to be represented?", "Which task-specific procedures supply acceptable calibration evidence, functional-check criteria and rules for interpreting differences from background?", "What evidence is required before a particular Geiger counter can support surface-activity estimates or personal-dose tracking beyond recording its displayed values?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unclassified", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Geiger counter, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a Geiger counter, assess whether its readings are usable for a stated task, and decide which measurements or maintenance actions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: GMC, Terra-P, Federal Civil Defense Administration geiger counter, Civil Defense geiger counter.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Geiger counter, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form and material. The registry holds no appearance data, so what a Geiger counter looks like has to come from research." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "GMC", "Terra-P", "Federal Civil Defense Administration geiger counter", "Civil Defense geiger counter" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Geiger counter from another, and a Geiger counter from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Geiger counter sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Geiger counter from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Geiger counter is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a Geiger counter is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Geiger counter is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Geiger counter is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Geiger counter is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Geiger counter is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Geiger counter passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Geiger counter between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Geiger counter, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Geiger counter is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a Geiger counter and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a Geiger counter is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a Geiger counter performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a Geiger counter.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a Geiger counter at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Geiger counter came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Geiger counter and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Geiger counter is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Geiger counter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Geiger counter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Geiger counter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 13, "findings": 15, "questions": 45 } } } }