{ "model": { "rank": 3101, "code": "thing-q482816", "model_id": "vr.tr.parachute", "name": "parachute", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a parachute, assess its configuration and readiness, and identify permitted uses or required interventions from evidence about its deployment, aerodynamic function and load compatibility.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q482816/", "tier": 2, "score": 91, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Viking Aircraft Viking II", "parafoil", "Parachute SOV-3", "Parachute Silhouette 260", "Parachute NOVA", "Parachute AD-2000", "paraglider", "deep sea chute", "drogue parachute", "toy parachute", "rescue parachute", "reserve parachute", "MC-6 parachute", "powered parachute", "Cirrus Airframe Parachute System", "D-1-5u", "Pilot chute", "Southern Condor", "Excel", "Fly Roller", "Trio-Twister 103", "Spirit 103", "Summit Steel Breeze" ], "aliasCount": 23, "merged": 23, "knownIn": 91, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.parachute", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q482816", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482816", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:48:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.06929864, "turns": 6, "seconds": 257.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c53-89e0-7c01-8849-0fa55ff5b55f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: parachute\nRegistry id: vr.tr.parachute\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q482816", "registryId": "vr.tr.parachute", "name": "parachute", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q482816/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.parachute", "name": "parachute", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a parachute, assess its configuration and readiness, and identify permitted uses or required interventions from evidence about its deployment, aerodynamic function and load compatibility.", "definition": "A parachute is a deployable aerodynamic decelerator whose textile canopy, once inflated, produces drag and, in ram-air designs, lift, so that a person, cargo, vehicle or returning spacecraft can be slowed, stabilized or steered through an atmosphere after release, ejection or re-entry.", "scope_statement": "This model owns a parachute as a deployable aerodynamic deceleration or descent-control assembly, including its canopy, suspension, deployment components and documented interfaces to a person, payload or vehicle, with assembly boundaries recorded explicitly.", "in_scope": [ "Parachute identity, intended role and assembly boundaries", "Canopy geometry, suspension arrangement and control features", "Deployment method, opening sequence and deployment dependencies", "Documented operating envelope and compatibility with the supported load", "Packing, inspection, damage, maintenance and readiness evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Aircraft or spacecraft design beyond parachute installation and deployment interfaces", "Jumper competence, health and licensing", "Payload design beyond attachment, mass and deployment constraints", "Weather forecasting, terrain assessment and landing-zone management", "Paragliders, kites and other aerodynamic devices whose primary function is outside the recorded parachute role", "Complete mission planning and emergency procedures owned by the operator or host system" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether its documented role is to deploy an aerodynamic surface to decelerate or control descent of an attached load, rather than merely cover, contain or protect it.", "Look for an identifiable load path from the aerodynamic surface through suspension or equivalent attachments to the supported person, payload or vehicle.", "Distinguish a ram-air parachute from a similar-looking paraglider by its documented deployment method and intended operating role, rather than canopy shape alone.", "Distinguish a complete parachute assembly from a canopy, pilot chute or deployment bag sold or recorded as a component.", "Distinguish a standalone drogue parachute from a drogue that functions only as a deployment component by checking its assigned role and system boundary." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Parachute role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Personnel main; personnel reserve; cargo descent; vehicle braking; recovery; drogue; other documented role", "why_it_matters": "Determines which deployment, performance and readiness questions apply." }, { "name": "Canopy construction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded geometry, aerodynamic form, material and porosity specification where available", "why_it_matters": "Helps identify the design and interpret its inflation, drag and control behaviour." }, { "name": "Canopy reference area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m², with the manufacturer's area convention recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison and loading calculations without treating incompatible area conventions as equivalent." }, { "name": "Attached load", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Person, payload or vehicle, including its attachment configuration", "why_it_matters": "Connects suitability decisions to the actual supported system." }, { "name": "Total supported mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, with included equipment and assembly mass explicitly identified", "why_it_matters": "Allows the intended configuration to be checked against documented loading limits." }, { "name": "Deployment method", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded initiation and extraction method, including manual, static-line or automatic dependencies where fitted", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what must initiate deployment and which components must operate together." }, { "name": "Documented operating envelope", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable evidence for mass, deployment speed, altitude, environmental and configuration limits", "why_it_matters": "Bounds suitability claims and prevents extrapolation beyond the evidence." }, { "name": "Steering and descent controls", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "None documented; passive stabilisation; active steering or braking, with mechanism specified", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether directional or descent adjustments are available to an operator or controller." }, { "name": "Physical and packing state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unpacked; packed; deploying; inflated; collapsed; damaged; unknown, with separate condition observations", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes current physical configuration from permission to use." }, { "name": "Serviceability determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Undetermined; released for a specified use; restricted; quarantined; retired, with evidence and responsible authority", "why_it_matters": "Prevents appearance or packing status alone from being treated as proof of readiness." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the parachute and reconcile its installed components with a documented configuration.", "Compare an intended load and deployment scenario with the applicable operating envelope.", "Request or record inspection, packing and maintenance by an appropriately authorised person.", "Identify missing deployment dependencies, incompatible attachments or unresolved condition evidence.", "Track deployment and recovery observations for subsequent condition assessment.", "Flag restrictions, quarantine or retirement when supported by applicable instructions and findings." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-parachute", "title": "Parachute", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute", "what_it_supports": "Working definition (drag and lift), historical origin of the term, personnel/cargo/spacecraft/vehicle uses, and the distinction of the drogue as a braking/stabilizing parachute.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pia-ts-136", "title": "TS-136: Test Standards for Military Personnel Parachute Assemblies and Components", "url": "https://www.pia.com/wp-content/uploads/TS136Rev1.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Industry classification of single-harness main-and-reserve, multi-harness, and single-harness emergency assemblies; definition of a drogue as a towed aerodynamic decelerator; assembly makeup (canopy, harness, deployment bag, pilot chute/static line).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "faa-prh-tso-c23", "title": "Parachute Rigger Handbook, Change 1 (Appendix A: TSO-C23, SAE AS8015, PIA TS-100/TS-135)", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/prh_change1_changes.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Civil certification path TSO-C23b/c/d/f against NAS-804 then SAE AS8015; PIA TS-100 as the official ram-air parts nomenclature; persistence of round emergency canopies alongside square gliding canopies; military drawing-system certification versus TSO.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "us-army-atp-4-48", "title": "ATP 4-48 Aerial Delivery", "url": "https://rdl.train.army.mil/catalog-ws/view/100.ATSC/9427786A-A893-4263-B16C-2EA7B88715CB-1403808556862/atp4_48.pdf", "what_it_supports": "In-service U.S. personnel types T-11, MC-6 and RA-1; cargo types G-12E/G-15 and G-11/G-16 with cluster loads; extraction and pilot parachutes; airdrop velocity classes; JPADS as a steerable ram-air cargo system.", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "butler-emergency-parachute", "title": "How To Select An Emergency Parachute", "url": "https://www.butlerparachutes.com/wp-content/uploads/how-to-select-an-emergency-parachute.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Emergency parachutes and skydiving reserves as FAA appliances under TSO-C23; Category A/B/C weight and airspeed limits; round canopy shape families (flat, conical, tri-conical) used in emergency systems.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "handbook-aviation-space-medicine", "title": "Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Practitioner split of round, square, cruciform, pilot and drogue canopies; tabulated packed mass, forward speed, descent rate and opening altitudes for military static-line, military freefall, sport, tandem and whole-aircraft recovery systems." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-aerodynamic-role", "name": "Identity and aerodynamic role", "description": "Establishes what parachute is represented and what deceleration or descent function it serves.", "rationale": "Similar canopies and deployment components can represent different things with different permitted uses.", "layers": [ { "id": "assembly-identity", "name": "Assembly identity", "description": "Identifies the represented unit and separates it from its components and host system.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-assembly-boundary", "name": "Traceable assembly boundary", "description": "Record identifying marks and the components included in this parachute instance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer, model, serial number and configuration identifiers establish this parachute's identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-assembly-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does this instance include the canopy alone, or also suspension, risers, deployment equipment, container and harness?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "traceable-assembly-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "Separates the parachute's assigned role from resemblance to neighbouring aerodynamic devices.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-parachute-role", "name": "Documented parachute role", "description": "Record the intended deceleration or descent function and whether the unit acts independently or within another parachute system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this parachute intended for personnel descent, cargo delivery, braking, recovery, drogue service or another specified function?", "kind": "definition", "id": "documented-parachute-role-q01" }, { "text": "What documentation distinguishes its role from a paraglider, kite or auxiliary deployment component?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-parachute-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "canopy-suspension-and-control", "name": "Canopy, suspension and control", "description": "Describes the aerodynamic surface and how its forces reach and influence the attached load.", "rationale": "Parachute recognition and condition assessment depend on canopy form, suspension continuity and the specific means of control.", "layers": [ { "id": "aerodynamic-surface", "name": "Aerodynamic surface", "description": "Records canopy construction and the geometry against which its condition can be assessed.", "findings": [ { "id": "canopy-configuration", "name": "Canopy configuration", "description": "Capture the design-specific arrangement of panels, cells, vents or slots and its reference dimensions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which canopy form, materials and inflation or airflow features define this design?", "kind": "definition", "id": "canopy-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "What are its documented area and principal dimensions, and which measurement conventions apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "canopy-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "force-transmission-and-controls", "name": "Force transmission and controls", "description": "Records suspension routing, attachment interfaces and any steering or braking mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "load-path-and-control-continuity", "name": "Load path and control continuity", "description": "Establish the intended connections from canopy to load and the configuration of any control lines or actuators.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are canopy forces transmitted through lines, connectors and risers or equivalent parts to the attached load?", "kind": "definition", "id": "load-path-and-control-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspection evidence establishes correct suspension routing, attachment security and control configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "load-path-and-control-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "deployment-and-inflation", "name": "Deployment and inflation", "description": "Models the transition from stowed assembly to a functioning aerodynamic surface.", "rationale": "A parachute can be intact yet unusable because its initiation, extraction or inflation dependencies are absent or incorrectly configured.", "layers": [ { "id": "initiation-and-extraction", "name": "Initiation and extraction", "description": "Identifies the trigger and components responsible for releasing and extracting the canopy.", "findings": [ { "id": "deployment-dependency-chain", "name": "Deployment dependency chain", "description": "Record the specified initiating event and the linked release, extraction and sequencing components.", "questions": [ { "text": "What initiates deployment, and which fitted components must act between initiation and canopy extraction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "deployment-dependency-chain-q01" }, { "text": "What configuration checks and authorisations are required before those deployment components may be armed or used?", "kind": "action", "id": "deployment-dependency-chain-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "opening-sequence", "name": "Opening sequence", "description": "Records the design-specific progression toward inflation and evidence of abnormal opening.", "findings": [ { "id": "inflation-progression", "name": "Inflation progression", "description": "Represent expected deployment stages and observed deviations without assuming that canopy extraction establishes successful opening.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stages, including any reefing or staged inflation, define the documented opening sequence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "inflation-progression-q01" }, { "text": "What observations establish completed inflation, and what evidence records incomplete, delayed or asymmetric opening?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inflation-progression-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "load-and-operating-envelope", "name": "Load and operating envelope", "description": "Connects the intended load and deployment conditions to configuration-specific performance evidence.", "rationale": "A parachute's suitability depends on the supported mass, attachments and deployment conditions together.", "layers": [ { "id": "supported-load-compatibility", "name": "Supported load compatibility", "description": "Establishes the actual load and its mechanical compatibility with the parachute.", "findings": [ { "id": "mass-and-attachment-fit", "name": "Mass and attachment fit", "description": "Record supported mass, attachment arrangement and evidence that the combination is permitted.", "questions": [ { "text": "What total mass will be supported, and which person, equipment, payload and parachute components are included in that value?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mass-and-attachment-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which documentation supports compatibility of this parachute with the proposed harness, payload fittings or vehicle attachment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mass-and-attachment-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-and-use-limits", "name": "Performance and use limits", "description": "Separates demonstrated or authorised operating conditions from unsupported expectations.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-specific-envelope", "name": "Configuration-specific envelope", "description": "Record applicable operating limits and performance evidence with their test conditions and uncertainties.", "questions": [ { "text": "What source establishes the permitted deployment conditions and loading limits for this exact configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-specific-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What descent, opening-load, drag or glide measurements are available, and under what mass and environmental conditions were they obtained?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "configuration-specific-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "Does the intended use satisfy every applicable limit, or must suitability remain undetermined?", "kind": "action", "id": "configuration-specific-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-packing-and-release", "name": "Condition, packing and release", "description": "Connects material condition, packing history and service records to a bounded readiness determination.", "rationale": "Packed appearance cannot establish parachute serviceability, and different roles can impose different inspection and release requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-condition-and-history", "name": "Material condition and history", "description": "Records damage, exposure, repairs and use events relevant to the canopy and deployment assembly.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-evidence", "name": "Condition evidence", "description": "Track observed defects and relevant history against design-specific inspection and retirement criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspection findings document canopy fabric, seams, suspension lines, connectors and fitted deployment components?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What records exist for deployments, unusual opening loads, contamination, moisture exposure, repairs and component replacements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which applicable criteria require further inspection, repair, quarantine or retirement?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "packing-and-serviceability", "name": "Packing and serviceability", "description": "Records how the assembly was prepared and who established its current permitted-use status.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-readiness-determination", "name": "Bounded readiness determination", "description": "Link packing and release evidence to a particular configuration and use, retaining unresolved prerequisites.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who packed and inspected the parachute, when, under which instructions, and with what recorded configuration or seal evidence where applicable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-readiness-determination-q01" }, { "text": "What applicable checks, service intervals and unresolved discrepancies determine whether this assembly may be released for its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-readiness-determination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Round personnel parachute (flat, conical, tri-conical or cruciform troop and emergency canopies)", "Ram-air (square) personnel parachute", "Reserve parachute (second canopy in a dual assembly)", "Emergency/bailout parachute (aircrew, single-harness emergency assembly)", "Cargo/aerial-delivery parachute (including GPS-guided ram-air airdrop systems)", "Extraction parachute (pulls a load from an aircraft)", "Drogue parachute (towed stabilizer/speed regulator)", "Deceleration/drag parachute (aircraft or vehicle braking after landing or high-speed run)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "NATO NSN / U.S. Federal Supply Class", "value_or_pattern": "1670-xx-xxx-xxxx (FSC 1670: parachutes; aerial pickup, delivery and recovery systems)", "note": "Example from current U.S. Army secondary-item lists: 1670-01-063-3715 (15 ft extraction parachute)." }, { "scheme": "FAA TSO marking", "value_or_pattern": "TSO-C23b | TSO-C23c | TSO-C23d | TSO-C23f", "note": "Personnel parachute assemblies and components sold as civil appliances carry the applicable TSO-C23 series mark; military types may instead be drawing-controlled." }, { "scheme": "U.S. Army type designation", "value_or_pattern": "T-11 | MC-6 | RA-1 (personnel); G-11 | G-12 | G-14 | G-15 | G-16 (cargo)", "note": "In-service nomenclature in ATP 4-48 and the TM 10-1670 series, not a civil product code." }, { "scheme": "PIA TS-100 ram-air part names", "value_or_pattern": "Standardized component names (cells, ribs, lines, slider, risers, etc.) rather than a single item code", "note": "The rigger-community vocabulary for ram-air canopies; does not by itself identify a particular assembly." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "FAA TSO-C23 (C23b via NAS-804; C23c/d via SAE AS8015; later C23f) - Personnel Parachute Assemblies and Components (Federal Aviation Administration)", "SAE AS8015 / AS8015B - Minimum Performance Standards for Parachute Assemblies and Components, Personnel (SAE International)", "NAS-804 - Specification-Parachutes, the TSO-C23b performance standard used 1949-1984 (National Aerospace Standards Committee)", "PIA TS-100 - Standardized Nomenclature for Ram-Air Inflated Gliding Parachutes (Parachute Industry Association)", "PIA TS-135 - Performance Standards for Personnel Parachute Assemblies and Components (Parachute Industry Association)", "PIA TS-136 - test standards for military personnel parachute assemblies and components (Parachute Industry Association)", "U.S. Army TM 10-1670 series and ATP 4-48 Aerial Delivery - packing, inspection and employment of in-service personnel, cargo, extraction and pilot parachutes (Department of the Army)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Worn as a backpack or chair-type assembly by a skydiver: a ram-air main is deployed in freefall and a TSO'd reserve remains packed for malfunction.", "Issued to paratroopers for static-line exit from transport aircraft (U.S. T-11 and MC-6) or for military freefall/HALO-HAHO (RA-1 / MC-4 class ram-air systems).", "Worn by aircrew as an emergency/bailout parachute, packed to TSO-C23 limits and used only if the aircraft is abandoned.", "Attached to cargo platforms, CDS bundles or JPADS guided ram-air canopies to deliver supplies; G-12E/G-15 class canopies for loads up to about 2,200 lb, G-11/G-16 class singly from about 2,250 lb or clustered toward tens of thousands of pounds.", "Used as an extraction parachute to pull a load from the aircraft, including extracted CDS above about 150 KIAS.", "Streamed as a drogue behind a jumper, store, aircraft or capsule to set speed and attitude before the main canopy or landing.", "Deployed as a drag chute to shorten the landing roll of high-performance aircraft, or as a rocket-deployed whole-aircraft canopy (e.g. Cirrus CAPS) to bring airframe and occupants down together.", "Used in spacecraft recovery to slow capsules through Earth's atmosphere after re-entry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Rate of descent under a fully open personnel canopy", "typical_range": "about 4.3-7.3 (14-24 ft/s); whole-aircraft recovery listed below about 8.5 (28 ft/s)", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "Forward speed (ram-air personnel)", "typical_range": "0 for round/cruciform troop canopies; about 15-25 military ram-air; sport solo often below about 10-16; tandem about 15-20", "unit": "mph" }, { "quantity": "Packed assembly mass", "typical_range": "about 7 sport solo; 12-17 military personnel (T-10/T-11 class 29-38 lb); about 14 tandem; whole-aircraft system on the order of 90", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Intended deployment / opening height AGL", "typical_range": "static-line troop typically a few hundred to about 1,250; sport/tandem opening commonly above about 2,000; military freefall envelopes 2,000-30,000", "unit": "ft" }, { "quantity": "TSO qualification envelope (personnel)", "typical_range": "Category B example 254 lb at 150 KIAS; older/higher categories up to 300 lb and 175-230 knots depending on the AS8015/TSO edition", "unit": "lb and KIAS" }, { "quantity": "Cargo canopy diameter (common U.S. types)", "typical_range": "about 34 (G-14); 64 (G-12E); 100 (G-11B); extraction canopies about 15-28", "unit": "ft" }, { "quantity": "Cargo load (single canopy or cluster)", "typical_range": "G-12E/G-15 up to about 2,200 lb each; G-11 family from about 2,250 lb singly, clustered toward about 42,000", "unit": "lb" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Hard opening / opening shock: rapid inflation produces peak loads that can injure the jumper or break lines, especially at high indicated airspeed.", "Pilot-chute in tow, bag lock or streamer: the canopy never inflates, so descent remains at freefall or near-freefall speed.", "Line-over, inversion or spinning malfunction of a ram-air canopy, requiring cutaway and reserve if altitude allows.", "Main and reserve both out (two-out), which can produce a downplane or entanglement.", "Horseshoe malfunction: part of the canopy or deployment bag remains snagged on the jumper or aircraft.", "Shroud-line entanglement with a spinning or damaged aircraft, a historically documented cause of failed bailout.", "Extraction-parachute hang-up: the load fails to leave the aircraft and can endanger the airframe.", "Landing injury from high descent rate, oscillation of a round canopy, or downwind/high-wind landing under a ram-air wing.", "Insufficient altitude to inflate (low jump, late pull, or static-line failure).", "Packing error, missed reserve repack interval, UV/moisture/fabric degradation, or failed automatic activation device." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United States civil gear is TSO-C23 marked and maintained by FAA-certified parachute riggers using PIA ram-air nomenclature; U.S. military personnel and cargo parachutes are drawing-controlled (T-11, MC-6, RA-1, G-series) under TM 10-1670 rather than TSO.", "Sport communities universally call ram-air canopies 'square' and treat a packed reserve as mandatory; military mass-exit still uses non-gliding round or cruciform troop canopies opened by static line at much lower altitude.", "Military versus civilian jump profiles differ sharply: static-line troop exits on the order of 500-1,250 ft AGL versus typical civilian freefall exits around 12,000-15,000 ft.", "Other civil authorities (for example Romanian RACR material) reproduce the FAA TSO-C23 series and PIA TS-100 rather than writing a separate canopy standard, so U.S. TSO language travels internationally even where the regulator is not the FAA.", "The word itself is a French coinage (para- + chute, 1785); English 'parachute', French 'parachute' and similar European forms name the same device, while practitioners still split 'round' versus 'square' in everyday speech." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "paraglider", "difference": "A paraglider is foot- or tow-launched and flown as a soaring aircraft from the start of the flight; a parachute is packed and deployed to decelerate or recover a load already falling or flying. Shared ram-air construction does not make a paraglider a personnel parachute." }, { "name": "pilot chute", "difference": "A pilot chute is a small deployment aid that extracts the main or reserve canopy from its container; it is not the load-bearing decelerator. PIA treats it as a deployment-initiation device, not as the parachute assembly." }, { "name": "drogue parachute versus extraction parachute", "difference": "A drogue is towed to regulate speed and attitude of a falling body; an extraction parachute is sized and rigged to pull cargo out of an aircraft. Same family of small canopies, different job and load path." }, { "name": "foil kite / traction kite", "difference": "A kite remains tethered to the ground, a board or a vessel and is not a certified personnel decelerator; a parachute's load is the falling person or store itself, not a ground anchor." }, { "name": "whole-aircraft ballistic recovery system", "difference": "Still a parachute, but rocket-extracted and attached to the airframe so the aircraft and occupants descend together (Cirrus CAPS class); a personnel parachute is worn by the occupant who has left the aircraft." }, { "name": "hang glider", "difference": "A hang glider is a rigid or flex-wing aircraft launched into sustained flight; it has no packed canopy inflation sequence and is not used as an emergency decelerator." }, { "name": "wingsuit", "difference": "A wingsuit is a fabric lifting garment worn in freefall; it does not replace the parachute, which the jumper still deploys to land." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of parachute this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend parachute to include standalone braking and drogue parachutes, and where should an auxiliary deployment parachute become a separate related instance?", "Should the default instance boundary be the canopy and suspension assembly or the complete installed system, and how should interchangeable components retain their identities?", "Which authoritative sources establish inspection, packing, service-life and permitted-use requirements for each parachute role and jurisdiction?", "Which area, supported-mass and performance conventions allow meaningful comparison across different canopy families?", "What evidence is sufficient for an agent to record serviceability, and which determinations must remain with a manufacturer, qualified inspector or operating authority?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a parachute, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a parachute, assess its configuration and readiness, and identify permitted uses or required interventions from evidence about its deployment, aerodynamic function and load compatibility.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Viking Aircraft Viking II, parafoil, Parachute SOV-3, Parachute Silhouette 260, Parachute NOVA, Parachute AD-2000, paraglider, deep sea chute, drogue parachute, toy parachute, rescue parachute, reserve parachute.", "23 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a parachute, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Viking Aircraft Viking II", "parafoil", "Parachute SOV-3", "Parachute Silhouette 260", "Parachute NOVA", "Parachute AD-2000", "paraglider", "deep sea chute", "drogue parachute", "toy parachute", "rescue parachute", "reserve parachute" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 23 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one parachute from another, and a parachute from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a parachute sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a parachute from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a parachute is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a parachute is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a parachute is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a parachute is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a parachute is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a parachute is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a parachute passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a parachute between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a parachute, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a parachute is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What parachute is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does parachute perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise parachute, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How parachute is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does parachute have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does parachute need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about parachute is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about parachute hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern parachute, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a parachute came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a parachute and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a parachute is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a parachute, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a parachute, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a parachute is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }