{
    "model": {
        "rank": 1629,
        "code": "thing-q482853",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.vertebral-column",
        "name": "vertebral column",
        "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a vertebral column, assess its structural and functional state, and determine which observations, uses or interventions are supported by available evidence.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Physical world and living systems",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "PHY",
        "domain": "PHY.OBJ",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q482853/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 135,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "lumbar vertebrae",
                "human vertebral column",
                "Spinule"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 3,
            "merged": 3,
            "knownIn": 135,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q482853",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482853",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T21:30:43Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Codex"
                ],
                "missingProviders": [
                    "Grok"
                ],
                "pass": 2,
                "cost": {
                    "grok": {
                        "usd": null,
                        "turns": null,
                        "seconds": 2.2,
                        "error": "Error: Internal error: {\n  \"message\": \"API error (status 402 Payment Required): Grok Build usage balance exhausted\",\n  \"http_status\": 402\n}",
                        "retried": true
                    },
                    "codex": {
                        "seconds": 65.2,
                        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a078a0-7eaa-79c2-b578-40a80d4f8ee1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: vertebral column\nRegistry id: vr.tr.vertebral-column\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:"
                    }
                }
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q482853",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.vertebral-column",
                "name": "vertebral column",
                "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "PHY.OBJ"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q482853/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.vertebral-column",
                "name": "vertebral column",
                "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a vertebral column, assess its structural and functional state, and determine which observations, uses or interventions are supported by available evidence.",
                "definition": "",
                "scope_statement": "This model owns the vertebral column as an integrated anatomical structure, including its vertebral sequence, intervening discs where present, spinal articulations, supporting ligaments, alignment and mechanical behaviour, with explicit boundaries to neural contents, surrounding tissues and the whole organism.",
                "in_scope": [
                    "Identity, anatomical context and completeness of a particular vertebral column",
                    "Regional organisation, vertebral sequence and segment identification",
                    "Condition of vertebrae, discs, spinal joints and supporting ligaments",
                    "Column alignment, continuity, mobility and stability under stated conditions",
                    "Structural relationships to the vertebral canal, neural exit passages and neighbouring anatomy",
                    "Evidence and constraints governing examination, handling, loading or intervention"
                ],
                "out_of_scope": [
                    "Spinal cord, nerve roots and their intrinsic neurological disorders",
                    "Whole-organism diagnosis, symptoms, general health and treatment planning",
                    "Surrounding muscles, skin and other soft tissues as independently modelled structures",
                    "Skull, ribs, pelvis and limbs beyond their articulations or mechanical relationships with the column",
                    "Implants, orthoses, imaging equipment and surgical instruments as independently managed objects"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "Represents an organised vertebral axis or an identified portion of that axis, rather than one isolated vertebra.",
                    "Identifies vertebral elements and their anatomical order, distinguishing the column from the broader back region.",
                    "Separates the supporting anatomical structure from the spinal cord and nerve roots associated with it.",
                    "Records the articulated or fused vertebral structure, distinguishing it from the vertebral canal, which is a space bounded by that structure.",
                    "Establishes whether the referent is anatomical tissue, a specimen, an image-derived representation or an artificial replica."
                ],
                "characteristics": [
                    {
                        "name": "Anatomical context",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "Taxon; developmental stage; living anatomy, cadaveric specimen, isolated specimen or representation",
                        "why_it_matters": "Determines which anatomical expectations and assessment methods apply."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Extent and completeness",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Whole or partial; included and absent regions; uncertain or unobserved extent",
                        "why_it_matters": "Prevents a regional observation from being treated as an assessment of the entire column."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Vertebral sequence and numbering",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Ordered vertebral identifiers with regional assignments, numbering method and confidence",
                        "why_it_matters": "Allows findings and actions to target the same anatomical level consistently."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Regional curvature",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Degrees, with plane, landmarks, method and posture",
                        "why_it_matters": "Makes alignment observations interpretable and comparable."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Intervertebral displacement",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Millimetres or percentage relative to a named reference dimension, with level and direction",
                        "why_it_matters": "Localises changes in the positional relationship between adjacent vertebrae."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Segmental motion",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Degrees and/or millimetres, with movement direction, loading condition and method",
                        "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes movement measured under defined conditions from assumptions based on static appearance."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Component integrity",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Level-specific assessment of vertebral, disc, joint and ligament integrity; indeterminate or unassessed permitted",
                        "why_it_matters": "Identifies which structures support or limit conclusions about column function."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Canal and neural passage dimensions",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "Millimetres and/or square millimetres, with level, passage, plane and measurement method",
                        "why_it_matters": "Records spatial constraints without equating a structural measurement with neurological impairment."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Stability assessment",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "Reported assessment with anatomical extent, criteria, assessor, date and applicable loading conditions; indeterminate or unassessed permitted",
                        "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about movement or loading while retaining the limits of the assessment."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Fusion and instrumentation",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Affected levels, anatomical fusion status, linked device identifiers and documented procedure",
                        "why_it_matters": "Changes how levels, motion and permissible actions must be interpreted."
                    }
                ],
                "affordances": [
                    "Locate and label vertebral regions, individual levels and motion segments using an explicit numbering convention.",
                    "Record structural observations and measurements from examinations, imaging or specimen inspection.",
                    "Compare alignment and component condition across time when acquisition conditions are sufficiently comparable.",
                    "Identify missing evidence that prevents a conclusion about stability, structural compromise or change.",
                    "Check proposed positioning, movement or loading against documented restrictions and obtain qualified review where required.",
                    "Associate an authorised intervention with its exact anatomical target, prerequisites and follow-up observations."
                ]
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "anatomical-identity-and-extent",
                        "name": "Anatomical identity and extent",
                        "description": "Establishes which vertebral column is represented, how much is included and how its levels are identified.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition and level-specific decisions depend on anatomical context, completeness and reliable numbering.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "referent-and-coverage",
                                "name": "Referent and coverage",
                                "description": "Identifies the anatomical subject and the boundaries of the observed column.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "column-context-and-completeness",
                                        "name": "Column context and completeness",
                                        "description": "Records taxon, developmental context, material or representational status, and the regions actually available for assessment.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does this refer to a vertebral column in an organism, an anatomical specimen or a representation, and what establishes that identity?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "column-context-and-completeness-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which regions are present and observed, and which are absent, excluded or outside the field of view?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "column-context-and-completeness-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "regional-sequence-and-numbering",
                                "name": "Regional sequence and numbering",
                                "description": "Establishes the order and labels used for vertebral elements and intervening segments.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "level-identification",
                                        "name": "Level identification",
                                        "description": "Records the basis for counting and labelling levels, including variants or uncertainty that could change target identification.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What landmarks and counting method establish the vertebral sequence and regional assignments?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "level-identification-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Do transitional anatomy, fusion, missing elements or incomplete coverage make any level label uncertain?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "level-identification-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "vertebral-and-intersegmental-integrity",
                        "name": "Vertebral and intersegmental integrity",
                        "description": "Describes the structural condition of vertebral elements and the tissues joining them.",
                        "rationale": "A column's external shape alone does not establish whether its constituent structures are intact or mechanically competent.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "vertebral-elements",
                                "name": "Vertebral elements",
                                "description": "Localises observations to individual vertebrae and their relevant anatomical parts.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "osseous-form-and-continuity",
                                        "name": "Osseous form and continuity",
                                        "description": "Records observed vertebral shape, continuity, defects and alterations without assigning an unsupported cause.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which vertebral elements and parts show an observed alteration in shape, height or continuity?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "osseous-form-and-continuity-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What examination or image supports the observation, and what limits its interpretation?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "osseous-form-and-continuity-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "discs-joints-and-ligaments",
                                "name": "Discs, joints and ligaments",
                                "description": "Assesses the structures that connect or constrain adjacent vertebral elements.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "intersegmental-tissue-condition",
                                        "name": "Intersegmental tissue condition",
                                        "description": "Records level-specific disc, articulation and ligament findings, distinguishing direct observations from inferred tissue condition.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "At each assessed level, what is observed about the disc where present, joint relationships and supporting ligaments?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "intersegmental-tissue-condition-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which connecting structures were directly assessed, and which remain unobserved or only indirectly evaluated?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "intersegmental-tissue-condition-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "alignment-motion-and-stability",
                        "name": "Alignment, motion and stability",
                        "description": "Records column geometry and mechanical behaviour under explicitly stated conditions.",
                        "rationale": "Static alignment, measured movement and assessed stability answer different questions about what the column can tolerate.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "static-alignment",
                                "name": "Static alignment",
                                "description": "Describes regional and overall geometry in a specified posture and reference frame.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "curvature-and-relative-position",
                                        "name": "Curvature and relative position",
                                        "description": "Records curvature, rotation and displacement with landmarks, anatomical extent and acquisition conditions.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What curvatures, rotations or intervertebral displacements were measured, using which planes and landmarks?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "curvature-and-relative-position-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What posture, support and loading conditions applied when the alignment was observed?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "curvature-and-relative-position-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "movement-and-mechanical-constraints",
                                "name": "Movement and mechanical constraints",
                                "description": "Connects observed segmental movement to the evidence and conditions of a stability assessment.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "motion-and-stability-evidence",
                                        "name": "Motion and stability evidence",
                                        "description": "Records measured motion separately from conclusions about stability and preserves restrictions on further testing.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What segmental motion has been measured, in which directions and under what examination conditions?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "motion-and-stability-evidence-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What criteria and qualified assessment support the recorded stability judgement, and what movement or loading restrictions apply?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "motion-and-stability-evidence-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "neural-passages-and-anatomical-interfaces",
                        "name": "Neural passages and anatomical interfaces",
                        "description": "Describes spaces bounded by the column and its connections to neighbouring anatomical structures.",
                        "rationale": "Column abnormalities may matter through spatial or mechanical relationships, while the neighbouring tissues retain their own models.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "canal-and-exit-passages",
                                "name": "Canal and exit passages",
                                "description": "Records the geometry of the vertebral canal and neural exit passages at identified levels.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "passage-geometry-and-encroachment",
                                        "name": "Passage geometry and encroachment",
                                        "description": "Localises observed narrowing or encroachment and links any neural assessment without treating geometry alone as proof of functional impairment.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which canal or exit passage is affected, at what level and side, and what observation or measurement describes its geometry?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "passage-geometry-and-encroachment-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which conclusions concern the column's boundaries, and which require a linked assessment of spinal cord or nerve roots?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "passage-geometry-and-encroachment-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "junctions-and-attachments",
                                "name": "Junctions and attachments",
                                "description": "Records interfaces with neighbouring skeletal structures where applicable to the anatomical subject.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "skeletal-interface-condition",
                                        "name": "Skeletal interface condition",
                                        "description": "Identifies relevant articulations and attachments to the skull, ribs or pelvis and records observations affecting continuity or load transfer.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which articulations or attachments to neighbouring skeletal structures are relevant and included in this assessment?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "skeletal-interface-condition-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What evidence describes alignment and integrity at those interfaces?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "skeletal-interface-condition-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "column-change-and-action-constraints",
                        "name": "Column change and action constraints",
                        "description": "Tracks changes to vertebral levels and translates supported assessments into constraints on proposed actions.",
                        "rationale": "Prior fusion, instrumentation, structural change and assessment uncertainty can alter both interpretation and the prerequisites for acting.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "structural-history-and-comparison",
                                "name": "Structural history and comparison",
                                "description": "Relates current observations to prior column states and procedures at the same anatomical levels.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "level-specific-change-history",
                                        "name": "Level-specific change history",
                                        "description": "Records documented fusion, instrumentation, procedures and interval structural change with comparable level identification.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which levels have documented fusion, instrumentation or other prior structural modification, and what records establish this?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "level-specific-change-history-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which apparent interval changes remain after accounting for differences in level numbering, posture and measurement method?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "level-specific-change-history-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "permitted-assessment-and-intervention",
                                "name": "Permitted assessment and intervention",
                                "description": "Defines prerequisites and limits for a proposed examination, positioning, loading or intervention involving the column.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "target-and-action-readiness",
                                        "name": "Target and action readiness",
                                        "description": "Connects an exact anatomical target to documented restrictions, necessary evidence and the authority responsible for the action decision.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "For the proposed action, are the target levels verified and the relevant structural and stability assessments sufficiently established?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "target-and-action-readiness-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What documented restrictions, qualified authorisation and monitoring requirements govern proceeding or stopping?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "target-and-action-readiness-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Does the registry intend this entry to cover vertebral columns across vertebrate taxa, human anatomy only, or a narrower anatomical context?",
                "Should isolated regional specimens and image-derived reconstructions be instances of this model or separate entities linked to the anatomical column?",
                "Which authoritative conventions should govern vertebral numbering when transitional anatomy, fusion or incomplete imaging creates ambiguity?",
                "Which validated assessment methods and context-specific criteria should support alignment, passage narrowing and stability judgements?",
                "How should ownership of shared junctions, supporting ligaments and surgically altered segments be divided between this model and neighbouring anatomy or device models?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 5,
                "layers": 10,
                "findings": 10,
                "questions": 20
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "device, machine or tool",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a vertebral column, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a vertebral column, assess its structural and functional state, and determine which observations, uses or interventions are supported by available evidence.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "material",
                "origin": "manufactured",
                "agency": "inert",
                "mobility": "varies"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "observed and measured"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: lumbar vertebrae, human vertebral column, Spinule.",
                "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 135 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a vertebral column, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Mobility varies between examples.",
                "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "observe it, measure it, record its state"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "lumbar vertebrae",
                        "human vertebral column",
                        "Spinule"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 135 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one vertebral column from another, and a vertebral column from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a vertebral column sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a vertebral column from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "form-and-composition",
                        "name": "Form, composition and condition",
                        "description": "What a vertebral column is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.",
                        "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "form-and-dimensions",
                                "name": "Form and dimensions",
                                "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "measurable-dimensions",
                                        "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units",
                                        "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "material-and-composition",
                                "name": "Material and composition",
                                "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "parts-and-materials",
                                        "name": "Parts and materials",
                                        "description": "What a vertebral column is built from and which parts are replaceable.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "parts-and-materials-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "condition-and-integrity",
                                "name": "Condition and integrity",
                                "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "condition-assessment",
                                        "name": "Condition, damage and health",
                                        "description": "How the condition of a vertebral column is judged and by whom.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "condition-assessment-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "place-and-movement",
                        "name": "Place and movement",
                        "description": "Where a vertebral column is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).",
                        "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "location-and-placement",
                                "name": "Location and placement",
                                "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "position-and-frame",
                                        "name": "Position, container and reference frame",
                                        "description": "Where a vertebral column is, and what that position is measured against.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "movement-and-transfer",
                                "name": "Movement and transfer",
                                "description": "How a vertebral column is carried, installed or relocated.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "movement-events",
                                        "name": "Movement events and constraints",
                                        "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a vertebral column passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a vertebral column between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a vertebral column, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a vertebral column is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "function-and-principle",
                        "name": "Function and operating principle",
                        "description": "What vertebral column is for and how it achieves it.",
                        "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "intended-function",
                                "name": "Intended function",
                                "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "function-record",
                                        "name": "Function, principle and variants",
                                        "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "function-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What function does vertebral column perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "function-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "capacity-and-rating",
                                "name": "Capacity and rating",
                                "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "ratings",
                                        "name": "Ratings and their conditions",
                                        "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "ratings-q01",
                                                "text": "What ratings characterise vertebral column, in what units, and under what stated conditions?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "ratings-q02",
                                                "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "operation-and-state",
                        "name": "Operation, controls and state",
                        "description": "How vertebral column is operated and what state it is in right now.",
                        "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "controls-and-modes",
                                "name": "Controls and modes",
                                "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "control-surface",
                                        "name": "Control surface and interlocks",
                                        "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "control-surface-q01",
                                                "text": "What controls and modes does vertebral column have, and what does each change?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "control-surface-q02",
                                                "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "condition-and-maintenance",
                                "name": "Condition and maintenance",
                                "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "service-record",
                                        "name": "Condition, service and consumables",
                                        "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "service-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What consumables and service does vertebral column need, at what interval, and on whose authority?",
                                                "kind": "measurement"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "service-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "kind-model-unit",
                        "name": "Kind, model and unit",
                        "description": "Whether a claim about vertebral column is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.",
                        "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "level-of-reference",
                                "name": "Level of reference",
                                "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "level-rules",
                                        "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit",
                                        "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "level-rules-q01",
                                                "text": "Which facts about vertebral column hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "level-rules-q02",
                                                "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "standards-and-conformity",
                                "name": "Standards and conformity",
                                "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "conformity",
                                        "name": "Standards, marks and attestation",
                                        "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "conformity-q01",
                                                "text": "Which standards govern vertebral column, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "conformity-q02",
                                                "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a vertebral column came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a vertebral column and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a vertebral column is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a vertebral column, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a vertebral column, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a vertebral column is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 8,
                "layers": 17,
                "findings": 19,
                "questions": 51
            }
        }
    }
}