paradox
Let an agent explain what a paradox is and its main kinds, relay classic examples and their proposed resolutions from logic, philosophy and science sources with attribution, describe the role of paradoxes in the growth of theories, and distinguish paradoxes from contradictions, fallacies, dilemmas and mere surprises.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain what a paradox is and its main kinds, relay classic examples and their proposed resolutions from logic, philosophy and science sources with attribution, describe the role of paradoxes in the growth of theories, and distinguish paradoxes from contradictions, fallacies, dilemmas and mere surprises.
A statement or situation that seems self-contradictory or absurd yet may be true, or that leads from acceptable premises by acceptable reasoning to an unacceptable conclusion, studied in logic and philosophy through cases such as the liar paradox, the paradoxes of material implication and Zeno s paradoxes, in physics through temporal paradoxes and causal loops and the hydrodynamic paradox, in mathematics through apportionment paradoxes in seat allocation, and in everyday life through curiosities such as the elevator paradox; paradoxes expose hidden assumptions and drive revisions of theories.
What it is for: Not applicable; a logical and rhetorical concept.
It can be explain the concept and kinds; relay classic examples; describe resolutions and their role; distinguish related concepts.
Distinguishing features
Apparent contradiction
Hidden assumption
Many domains
Theory-revising
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a statement or scenario.
Physical character
Quine s classification: veridical, falsidical, antinomy list
Zeno s paradoxes: 5th century BCE period
Alabama paradox: 1880 year - apportionment
How it is recognised
Seemingly self-contradictory statement or situation
Liar paradox, material implication paradoxes, temporal paradox, causal loop, elevator paradox, hydrodynamic paradox, apportionment paradox
A contradiction is simply false; a fallacy is bad reasoning; a dilemma is a hard choice
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms, when stated
is contrasted with - which is simply false
is exemplified by - a semantic paradox
In practice
Families and kinds
logical and semantic paradoxes such as the liar and Russell s paradox
paradoxes of material implication
paradoxes of motion and infinity
temporal paradoxes and causal loops in physics and fiction
physical paradoxes such as the hydrodynamic paradox
mathematical and voting paradoxes such as apportionment paradoxes
everyday and probabilistic curiosities such as the elevator paradox
Standards and regulation
No regulation
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing paradoxes with contradictions or fallacies
Treating unresolved paradoxes as resolved
Registry aliases mixing logic, physics and mathematics
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.paradox
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What a paradox is.
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a paradox, and how does it differ from a contradiction, a fallacy and a dilemma? definition
- Is the question about the concept, a kind or a specific paradox? boundary
Kinds
Kinds.
Kinds
Kinds.
- What are veridical, falsidical and antinomic paradoxes in Quine s scheme, and what are the main families? definition
- Which entry fits the specific paradox? action
Logic Logic and philosophy.
Attribution.
Semantic
Semantic and set paradoxes.
Semantic
Semantic.
- What are the liar, Russell s and the material implication paradoxes, and how are they addressed, with positions attributed? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Motion
Motion and infinity.
Motion
Motion.
- What are Zeno s paradoxes and paradoxes of infinity, and what resolutions are proposed? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Science Science and mathematics.
Science.
Physics
Physical paradoxes.
Physics
Physics.
- What are temporal paradoxes, causal loops and the hydrodynamic paradox, and how does physics treat them? provenance
- Which entry fits time travel in physics? action
Mathematics
Mathematical paradoxes.
Mathematics
Mathematics.
- What are apportionment paradoxes, the elevator paradox and probability paradoxes? provenance
- Which entry fits apportionment paradox? action
Context Role and culture.
Context.
Role
Role in inquiry.
Role
Role.
- How have paradoxes driven revisions in logic, mathematics and physics, with cases attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits philosophy of logic? action
Culture
Culture.
Culture
Culture.
- How are paradoxes used in literature, rhetoric and fiction? provenance
- Which entry fits paradox in literature? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should logical paradox, temporal paradox and apportionment paradox be separate primary entries?
- How should philosophical sources be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific paradoxes from unrelated fields; should they be split off?