{ "model": { "rank": 3928, "code": "thing-q483400", "model_id": "vr.tr.gyroscope", "name": "gyroscope", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a gyroscope, assess its rotational sensing or stabilising capability, and determine appropriate operation, interpretation and maintenance.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q483400/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "turn and slip indicator", "ring laser gyroscope", "quantum gyroscope", "fiber-optic gyroscope", "rotating gyroscope", "vertical gyroscope", "heading indicator", "vibrating structure gyroscope", "capacitive gyroscope" ], "aliasCount": 9, "merged": 9, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.gyroscope", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q483400", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:05:37Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878e-9676-79a1-b557-113c667b8c83\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: gyroscope\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878e-9666-78f2-8b2d-962df5c1032f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: gyroscope\nRegistry id: vr.tr.gyroscope\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q483400", "registryId": "vr.tr.gyroscope", "name": "gyroscope", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q483400/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gyroscope", "name": "gyroscope", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a gyroscope, assess its rotational sensing or stabilising capability, and determine appropriate operation, interpretation and maintenance.", "definition": "A gyroscope is a device that senses angular motion or provides a directional reference using the dynamics of a spinning rotor, vibrating structure, or counterpropagating light.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the gyroscope as a kind of physical device that uses inertial effects to sense rotation, maintain a directional reference or resist changes in orientation, including mechanical, vibrating and optical implementations; product specifications and individual-unit observations populate this model without redefining the kind.", "in_scope": [ "Gyroscope operating principle and the distinction between sensing, reference and stabilising roles", "Sensitive axes, reference frames, mounting orientation and output meaning", "Angular measurement performance, calibration and uncertainty", "Power, excitation, operating states and interfaces", "Principle-specific degradation, maintenance and operating constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Accelerometers and direct measurement of linear acceleration", "Complete inertial measurement units and navigation systems combining multiple sensors", "Vehicle attitude estimation, guidance and control algorithms", "Reaction wheels whose primary role is commanded momentum exchange rather than gyroscopic sensing or stabilisation", "Product-line identity, procurement records and individual-unit asset histories" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify a rotationally sensitive physical mechanism: a spinning rotor, a driven vibrating structure or an optical path sensitive to rotation.", "For a sensing implementation, establish that its primary response concerns rotation about specified axes rather than linear acceleration.", "Distinguish angular-rate output from an attitude estimate: orientation generally requires an initial reference and processing beyond a rate measurement.", "Distinguish the gyroscope element from an inertial measurement unit that also contains accelerometers or other sensors.", "For a mechanical stabilising implementation, establish that directional behaviour depends on angular momentum and precession, rather than merely on a mass spinning." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Operating principle", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "spinning-mass; vibrating-element; ring-laser; fibre-optic; other documented principle", "why_it_matters": "Determines what produces the gyroscopic response and which calibration, failure and handling constraints apply." }, { "name": "Functional role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "angular-rate sensing; angular-displacement sensing; directional reference; passive stabilisation; controlled gyroscopic actuation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating every gyroscope as a digital rate sensor or as a complete attitude instrument." }, { "name": "Sensitive axes and frame", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "axis count, axis directions, handedness and transformation to the host frame", "why_it_matters": "Makes measured rotation and applied torques interpretable in the receiving system." }, { "name": "Output quantity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "angular rate; angular displacement; reference-axis displacement; mechanical response; implementation-specific raw signal", "why_it_matters": "Defines what an agent can infer directly and what requires additional processing." }, { "name": "Measurement range", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "rad/s or °/s for rate; rad or ° for displacement; stated per axis and operating condition", "why_it_matters": "Identifies rotations that exceed the usable sensing range." }, { "name": "Bias and bias variation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "rad/s, °/s or °/h for rate outputs, with temperature, averaging interval and test method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of apparent rotation at rest and accumulated integration error." }, { "name": "Scale factor and cross-axis response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "output units per rad/s or °/s; scale-factor error in % or ppm; cross-axis coupling as a ratio", "why_it_matters": "Shows how accurately output magnitude and axis separation represent input rotation." }, { "name": "Noise and dynamic response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "rate-noise density with declared units; bandwidth in Hz; latency in s; output rate in samples/s where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Determines which rotational changes can be resolved and how quickly they become available." }, { "name": "Rotor angular momentum", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg·m²/s, with rotor speed in rad/s or rpm; applicable to spinning-mass implementations", "why_it_matters": "Connects rotor condition to mechanical gyroscopic response and stored rotational energy." }, { "name": "Excitation and power dependency", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "manual spin; motor-driven rotor; electrical vibration drive; optical excitation; other documented arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the prerequisites for establishing and sustaining useful operation." }, { "name": "Readiness and validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unpowered; starting; settling; ready; calibrating; saturated; degraded; faulted; coasting, where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Separates physical activity from trustworthy output or usable stabilising behaviour." }, { "name": "Environmental operating envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "temperature in °C; shock and vibration with acceleration units, frequency and duration; other principle-specific limits", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to judge whether installation and exposure invalidate performance claims." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the operating principle and select the applicable sensing or stabilisation characteristics.", "Map sensitive axes and sign conventions into a host reference frame.", "Acquire rotational output and qualify it using readiness, range and calibration information.", "Estimate whether bias, noise and dynamic response meet a stated rotational measurement task.", "Perform documented calibration or diagnostic procedures under valid reference conditions.", "Start, stop, isolate or maintain the device using procedures appropriate to its excitation and stored energy." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "gyroscopic-identity", "name": "Gyroscopic identity", "description": "Establishes what makes the device a gyroscope and which implementation-specific branches apply.", "rationale": "A spinning stabiliser, a vibrating rate sensor and an optical gyro share a registry entry but do not share all physical parts or behaviours.", "layers": [ { "id": "rotation-sensitive-mechanism", "name": "Rotation-sensitive mechanism", "description": "Identifies the physical mechanism responsible for the gyroscopic response.", "findings": [ { "id": "principle-and-active-element", "name": "Principle and active element", "description": "Record the documented operating principle and the rotor, resonator or optical arrangement that implements it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this implementation use rotor angular momentum, a vibrating element, an optical rotation effect or another documented mechanism?", "kind": "definition", "id": "principle-and-active-element-q01" }, { "text": "What technical documentation establishes the operating principle and identifies the active element?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "principle-and-active-element-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-boundary", "name": "Functional boundary", "description": "Separates the gyroscope's own capability from functions supplied by surrounding equipment.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-role-and-derived-functions", "name": "Native role and derived functions", "description": "Distinguish direct sensing or mechanical response from externally computed orientation, navigation or control.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the intended role rate sensing, angular displacement sensing, directional reference or gyroscopic stabilisation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "native-role-and-derived-functions-q01" }, { "text": "Which advertised heading, attitude or stabilisation functions depend on additional sensors, processing or actuators?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "native-role-and-derived-functions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "axes-and-response", "name": "Axes and response", "description": "Makes rotation inputs, output signals and mechanical reactions unambiguous.", "rationale": "Incorrect axis interpretation or confusion between rate, angle and precession can make otherwise valid gyroscope behaviour unusable.", "layers": [ { "id": "axis-reference", "name": "Axis reference", "description": "Captures sensitive directions and their relationship to mounting and host coordinates.", "findings": [ { "id": "sensitive-axis-mapping", "name": "Sensitive axis mapping", "description": "Record each sensitive or spin axis, positive rotation convention and mounting transformation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which axes sense rotation or define the rotor reference, and how are their positive directions marked?", "kind": "definition", "id": "sensitive-axis-mapping-q01" }, { "text": "What transformation maps these axes into the host frame, including mounting misalignment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sensitive-axis-mapping-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "signal-and-mechanical-response", "name": "Signal and mechanical response", "description": "Defines what an output or physical displacement represents.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-interpretation", "name": "Response interpretation", "description": "Record output quantity, conversion rules and, for mechanical implementations, the relationship between torque, angular momentum and precession.", "questions": [ { "text": "What physical quantity does the native output represent, and what units, scale and sign convention make it interpretable?", "kind": "definition", "id": "response-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "For a spinning-mass implementation, what rotor and gimbal configuration determines its response to applied torque?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "response-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-fitness", "name": "Measurement fitness", "description": "Determines whether rotational information is sufficiently accurate and timely for a specified task.", "rationale": "Gyroscope usefulness depends on accumulated error and dynamic limits, not simply on whether an output exists.", "layers": [ { "id": "error-and-calibration", "name": "Error and calibration", "description": "Characterises bias, scale factor, noise and unwanted sensitivity under stated conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "calibrated-error-model", "name": "Calibrated error model", "description": "Record calibration evidence and the conditions under which correction parameters and uncertainty estimates apply.", "questions": [ { "text": "What bias, scale-factor error, noise and cross-axis sensitivity have been measured, using which methods and conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "calibrated-error-model-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference equipment, procedure and calibration record support the corrections currently applied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "calibrated-error-model-q02" }, { "text": "Under what conditions may zero-rate bias be estimated without confusing real rotation with sensor error?", "kind": "action", "id": "calibrated-error-model-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-time-response", "name": "Range and time response", "description": "Records limits on rotational magnitude and temporal resolution.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-dynamic-envelope", "name": "Usable dynamic envelope", "description": "Distinguish measurement range, bandwidth, sampling, latency and saturation behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the per-axis range, bandwidth, latency and output sampling rate under the selected configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-dynamic-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "How are saturation, clipping, aliasing risks or other dynamic limitations detected and handled?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-dynamic-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "excitation-and-integration", "name": "Excitation and integration", "description": "Defines how useful gyroscopic operation is established and coupled to a host system.", "rationale": "Rotor speed, resonator drive, optical readiness, mounting and timing can determine whether apparently available behaviour is valid.", "layers": [ { "id": "startup-and-operating-states", "name": "Startup and operating states", "description": "Captures excitation requirements and transitions into and out of usable operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "readiness-criteria", "name": "Readiness criteria", "description": "Record the evidence that distinguishes startup, settling, ready operation and loss of useful excitation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What power, rotor speed, resonator drive or optical operating conditions are required for readiness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "readiness-criteria-q01" }, { "text": "What indications and waiting or settling criteria must an agent check before relying on the response?", "kind": "action", "id": "readiness-criteria-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "host-coupling", "name": "Host coupling", "description": "Addresses mechanical installation and delivery of interpretable, time-aligned information.", "findings": [ { "id": "mounting-and-interface-contract", "name": "Mounting and interface contract", "description": "Record mounting constraints, signal interfaces and timing semantics needed by the host.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mounting stiffness, alignment, gimbal-clearance or vibration-isolation requirements apply to this implementation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mounting-and-interface-contract-q01" }, { "text": "How does the host obtain output, timestamps and validity indications, and which configuration changes alter their interpretation?", "kind": "action", "id": "mounting-and-interface-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "degradation-and-safe-use", "name": "Degradation and safe use", "description": "Connects implementation-specific damage, drift and stored energy to operational decisions.", "rationale": "A rotor bearing fault, a disturbed resonator and an optical fault require different evidence and responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "health-and-maintenance", "name": "Health and maintenance", "description": "Identifies degradation signatures and supported maintenance actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "principle-specific-health-evidence", "name": "Principle-specific health evidence", "description": "Record applicable failure indicators, self-test coverage and service or replacement criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which changes in bias, noise, rotor behaviour, drive response or optical diagnostics indicate degradation for this principle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "principle-specific-health-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What documented inspection, recalibration, servicing or replacement action follows each health indication?", "kind": "action", "id": "principle-specific-health-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-energy-limits", "name": "Exposure and energy limits", "description": "Captures operating limits and precautions specific to the implemented gyroscopic mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-operating-and-handling-envelope", "name": "Qualified operating and handling envelope", "description": "Record environmental qualification, applicable standards and handling rules supported by implementation-specific evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which temperature, shock, vibration and other exposure limits are documented, and which issuing bodies and standard editions support claimed qualification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-operating-and-handling-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "For a spinning rotor or other hazardous implementation, what shutdown, coast-down, containment or access conditions must be satisfied before handling?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-operating-and-handling-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sense covered is the device class, including mechanical, vibratory and optical implementations, rather than a particular product or physical unit.", "The measurement range describes common consumer MEMS settings, not the full class; navigation and stabilisation devices require separate performance specifications.", "Applicable standards and certification requirements depend on technology and application; no identifiers or standards are asserted from recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Spinning-rotor mechanical gyroscope", "Vibratory MEMS gyroscope", "Hemispherical resonator gyroscope", "Ring laser gyroscope", "Fibre-optic gyroscope" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Measuring rotation for aircraft, spacecraft, ship and vehicle navigation and attitude estimation", "Stabilising cameras, optical instruments and antenna platforms", "Detecting motion in phones, game controllers and wearable devices", "Providing feedback for robot and drone attitude control", "Reducing vessel roll through controlled mechanical gyroscopic torque" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Selectable angular-rate measurement limit in many consumer MEMS gyroscopes", "typical_range": "±250 to ±2000", "unit": "degrees per second" }, { "quantity": "Axes measured by a sensor package", "typical_range": "1-3", "unit": "axes" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Bias and temperature-dependent drift accumulate into orientation error when angular-rate readings are integrated.", "Measurement saturation clips angular rates beyond the sensor's configured range.", "Vibration, shock and sensitivity to unwanted acceleration can corrupt measurements or damage the sensing structure.", "Mechanical rotor bearing wear or imbalance can increase friction and vibration; rotor failure can release hazardous stored kinetic energy.", "Loss of electrical power or signal-processing faults can remove or invalidate the directional reference." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "accelerometer", "difference": "An accelerometer measures specific force; a gyroscope senses angular motion." }, { "name": "inertial measurement unit", "difference": "An inertial measurement unit combines gyroscopes with accelerometers and associated electronics; a gyroscope is one constituent sensor type." }, { "name": "gyrocompass", "difference": "A gyrocompass is a system that uses gyroscopic behaviour and Earth's rotation to establish true north; a general gyroscope need not indicate north." }, { "name": "reaction wheel", "difference": "A reaction wheel primarily controls a body's attitude by changing stored angular momentum; a gyroscope primarily senses angular motion or supplies a directional reference." }, { "name": "magnetometer", "difference": "A magnetometer measures magnetic field and may support magnetic heading estimation; a gyroscope senses rotation without requiring a magnetic reference." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of gyroscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend gyroscope to include control-moment gyroscopes and large stabilisers, or are those concepts already owned by neighbouring registered models?", "Which authoritative sources establish the implementation families and terminology needed for this registry entry?", "Which performance metrics and test methods permit meaningful comparisons within each implementation family, and which cannot be compared directly?", "Which application-specific standards, qualification requirements and certification marks apply, with their issuing bodies and current editions?", "What sourced ranges of dimensions, power, angular-rate capacity and, where applicable, rotor momentum represent the intended breadth without implying universal specifications?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a gyroscope, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a gyroscope, assess its rotational sensing or stabilising capability, and determine appropriate operation, interpretation and maintenance.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: turn and slip indicator, ring laser gyroscope, quantum gyroscope, fiber-optic gyroscope, rotating gyroscope, vertical gyroscope, heading indicator, vibrating structure gyroscope, capacitive gyroscope.", "9 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a gyroscope, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "turn and slip indicator", "ring laser gyroscope", "quantum gyroscope", "fiber-optic gyroscope", "rotating gyroscope", "vertical gyroscope", "heading indicator", "vibrating structure gyroscope", "capacitive gyroscope" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 9 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one gyroscope from another, and a gyroscope from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a gyroscope sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a gyroscope from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a gyroscope is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a gyroscope is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a gyroscope is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a gyroscope is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a gyroscope is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a gyroscope is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a gyroscope passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a gyroscope between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a gyroscope, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a gyroscope is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What gyroscope is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does gyroscope perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise gyroscope, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How gyroscope is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does gyroscope have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does gyroscope need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about gyroscope is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about gyroscope hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern gyroscope, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a gyroscope came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a gyroscope and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a gyroscope is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a gyroscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a gyroscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a gyroscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }