{ "model": { "rank": 2132, "code": "thing-q48352", "model_id": "vr.tr.head-of-state", "name": "head of state", "purpose": "Let an agent handle heads of state as offices with holders, powers, selection and terms, and separate them from heads of government.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q48352/", "tier": 2, "score": 114, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ceremonial head of state", "King of Arakan", "sultan of the Ottoman Empire", "shah", "Amenokal", "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Secretary General of the Romanian Communist Party", "First Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party", "First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba", "Leader of the Islamic State", "General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party", "Bundespräsidium", "Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR", "emir of Kuwait", "Chairman of the Presidential Council", "Lieutenant governor of Jammu and Kashmir", "Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh", "King of Greco-Bactrian kingdom", "du tong", "President of the Republic of Kosova", "count of Pallars Sobirà", "President of the National Government of the Republic of China", "First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan", "monarch of Yugoslavia", "Monarch of Great Britain", "Archduke of Austria", "President of Cambodia", "Head of State of Spain", "monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "head of state of France", "President of the Syrian Republic under French mandate", "Yang di-Pertuan Negara", "Head of the Imperial House of Brazil", "Monarch of Luxembourg", "protector", "head of state of Japan", "Emir of Sarakusta", "sultan of Granada", "emir of Qàlat al-Ayyub", "Sovereign of the Congo Free State" ], "aliasCount": 322, "merged": 322, "knownIn": 114, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.head-of-state", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q48352", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:07:43Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q48352", "registryId": "vr.tr.head-of-state", "name": "head of state", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q48352/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.head-of-state", "name": "head of state", "purpose": "Let an agent handle heads of state as offices with holders, powers, selection and terms, and separate them from heads of government.", "definition": "The person or collective body who holds the highest representative office of a state, such as a monarch or president, with powers ranging from ceremonial to executive depending on the constitution.", "what_it_is_for": "Representing the state, and in some systems leading the executive.", "affordances": [ "hold the office, by succession, election or appointment", "exercise constitutional powers", "represent the state abroad", "be removed, where the constitution allows" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Highest representative office of a state", "Ceremonial or executive depending on system", "Distinct from head of government in many systems", "Can be hereditary or elected" ], "appearance": "An office with symbols such as seals, flags and residences; holders appear in official roles.", "visual_identification": [ "Titles such as King, Queen, President, Emir, Sultan", "Official residences and standards", "Party leaders in some historical systems held effective power without the formal title" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "monarchs", "presidents", "collective heads of state", "ceremonial and executive heads", "historical rulers such as sultans and shahs" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is part of", "target": "executive branch", "why": "in many systems" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "head of government", "why": "a separate office in many states" }, { "relation": "is held by", "target": "person", "why": "the office holder" }, { "relation": "is defined by", "target": "constitution", "why": "powers and selection" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "National constitutions", "Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and head of state immunity in customary law" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing head of state and head of government", "Out-of-date holder records", "Treating de facto leaders as formal heads of state without noting it" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "office", "name": "Office", "description": "The post.", "rationale": "The office is defined by the constitution.", "layers": [ { "id": "title", "name": "Title and state", "description": "Which office.", "findings": [ { "id": "title-finding", "name": "Office", "description": "Office and state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which state and office is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it monarchical or republican?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "powers", "name": "Powers", "description": "Ceremonial or executive.", "findings": [ { "id": "powers-finding", "name": "Powers", "description": "Constitutional powers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What powers does the office hold?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How do they relate to the head of government?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "selection", "name": "Selection", "description": "How holders are chosen.", "rationale": "Selection gives legitimacy.", "layers": [ { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "Succession or election.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-finding", "name": "Selection", "description": "How the holder is chosen.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the head of state chosen?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "For what term?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "removal", "name": "Removal", "description": "Impeachment, abdication.", "findings": [ { "id": "removal-finding", "name": "Removal", "description": "How the office ends.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a head of state be removed or abdicate?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Who acts in a vacancy?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "holder", "name": "Holder", "description": "Who holds it now.", "rationale": "Holders change; records must track them.", "layers": [ { "id": "current", "name": "Current holder", "description": "Name and since.", "findings": [ { "id": "current-finding", "name": "Holder", "description": "Current holder.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds the office now, and since when?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the holder recognised internationally?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Predecessors.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "Succession", "description": "List of holders.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who held the office before?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How did transitions happen?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Immunity and protocol.", "rationale": "Heads of state have special legal status.", "layers": [ { "id": "immunity", "name": "Immunity", "description": "Legal immunity.", "findings": [ { "id": "immunity-finding", "name": "Immunity", "description": "Immunity rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "What immunity does the office carry, under which law?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Does it survive leaving office?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protocol", "name": "Protocol", "description": "Forms of address.", "findings": [ { "id": "protocol-finding", "name": "Protocol", "description": "Protocol rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the head of state formally addressed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which protocol applies to visits?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each state office be an instance linked to the state?", "How should de facto and de jure leaders be represented?", "How should historical offices be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a head of state, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle heads of state as offices with holders, powers, selection and terms, and separate them from heads of government.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ceremonial head of state, King of Arakan, sultan of the Ottoman Empire, shah, Amenokal, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Secretary General of the Romanian Communist Party, First Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, Leader of the Islamic State, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Bundespräsidium.", "322 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a head of state, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ceremonial head of state", "King of Arakan", "sultan of the Ottoman Empire", "shah", "Amenokal", "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "Secretary General of the Romanian Communist Party", "First Secretary of the Armenian Communist Party", "First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba", "Leader of the Islamic State", "General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party", "Bundespräsidium" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 114 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 322 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one head of state from another, and a head of state from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a head of state sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a head of state from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a head of state is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a head of state is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a head of state moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a head of state passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a head of state between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a head of state, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a head of state is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a head of state.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a head of state and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a head of state, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a head of state and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a head of state sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as head of state.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does head of state require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses head of state, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What head of state actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define head of state, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as head of state, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a head of state came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a head of state and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a head of state is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a head of state, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a head of state, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a head of state is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }