{ "model": { "rank": 5192, "code": "thing-q483769", "model_id": "vr.tr.ionization-energy", "name": "ionization energy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and use ionization-energy claims only when the species, electron-removal transition, physical conditions and energy convention are sufficiently specified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q483769/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "donor ionization energy", "acceptor ionization energy" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q483769", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:51:45Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08826-e1de-7d00-9f37-ae76266a304d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ionization energy\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08826-e1d1-7053-836f-844a440a0dee\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ionization energy\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ionization-energy\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q483769", "registryId": "vr.tr.ionization-energy", "name": "ionization energy", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q483769/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ionization-energy", "name": "ionization energy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and use ionization-energy claims only when the species, electron-removal transition, physical conditions and energy convention are sufficiently specified.", "definition": "Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gas-phase atom, molecule, or ion in a specified initial state, leaving a specified residual ion and a free electron at infinite separation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns ionization energy as a physical quantity associated with removing an electron from a specified atom, molecule or ion, including successive ionization, molecular geometry conventions and the evidence needed to interpret a reported value.", "in_scope": [ "Identity, initial charge and electronic state of the species undergoing electron removal", "Initial and final states defining a particular ionization transition", "First and successive ionization energies", "Vertical and adiabatic molecular ionization conventions", "Measured or calculated energies, units, uncertainties and comparability", "Boundaries between isolated-species ionization energies and environment-dependent electron-removal quantities" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Electron affinity and electron-attachment energetics", "Electronegativity scales and their interpretation", "Bulk work functions, band gaps and material band structures", "Ionization rates, cross sections and plasma population dynamics", "Complete atomic or molecular structure models", "Chemical bond dissociation energies and reaction thermochemistry beyond the specified ionization transition" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The specified process removes an electron; an electron-attachment process belongs to electron affinity.", "The quantity describes an energy difference or threshold for a defined transition, rather than the probability or speed of ionization.", "A first ionization starts from a neutral species; a successive ionization must identify the initial positive charge.", "For molecules, a value is not fully identified until the treatment of nuclear geometry and the final ionic state is specified.", "A reported electron-removal energy for a surface or condensed material requires an explicit boundary check before it is treated as an isolated-species ionization energy." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Ionizing species", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference to an atom, molecule or ion, with composition and relevant isomer identity", "why_it_matters": "An energy cannot be interpreted independently of the entity from which the electron is removed." }, { "name": "Initial charge and ionization order", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Initial charge in elementary-charge units; first, second or higher ionization where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Successive ionization energies describe different starting ions and must not be mixed." }, { "name": "Initial and final electronic states", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "State identifiers, configurations or spectroscopic terms where available", "why_it_matters": "Different state pairs can produce different electron-removal energies for the same species." }, { "name": "Ionization energy", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "eV per ionization event, J per event or kJ/mol of specified ionization events", "why_it_matters": "It expresses the energy requirement while preserving the basis needed for unit conversion." }, { "name": "Molecular geometry convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Vertical, adiabatic, other explicitly defined convention, unspecified or not applicable", "why_it_matters": "It determines whether nuclear relaxation contributes to the reported energy difference." }, { "name": "Physical environment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Isolated gas-phase species or an explicitly described environment, field and temperature", "why_it_matters": "Environmental effects and reference choices can prevent direct comparison with isolated-species values." }, { "name": "Determination method", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Experimental threshold, spectroscopic inference, electronic-structure calculation or evaluated compilation", "why_it_matters": "The method determines what was actually observed or calculated and which assumptions require checking." }, { "name": "Uncertainty and qualification", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Uncertainty in the stated energy unit, with coverage or error definition; otherwise explicitly unreported", "why_it_matters": "It limits the precision of comparisons and decisions based on a threshold." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve whether two reported values describe the same electron-removal transition.", "Convert compatible energy units while preserving per-event or molar meaning.", "Compare ionization energies across species or successive charge states under matching conventions.", "Assess whether a specified photon energy reaches a supported ionization threshold without inferring an ionization rate.", "Select an appropriate measured or calculated value for a stated application.", "Flag ambiguous state assignments, incompatible geometry conventions and unsupported environmental transfers." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "electron-removal-identity", "name": "Electron-removal identity", "description": "Establish the species and charge-changing process to which an ionization-energy claim belongs.", "rationale": "The species name alone does not identify which ionization energy a value represents.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-and-starting-charge", "name": "Species and starting charge", "description": "Identify the electron donor before ionization.", "findings": [ { "id": "specified-electron-donor", "name": "Specified electron donor", "description": "Record the atomic or molecular identity, initial charge and any isomer distinction needed to identify the starting species.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which atom, molecule or ion loses the electron, and what is its initial charge?", "kind": "definition", "id": "specified-electron-donor-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported species name conceal isomers or other distinct starting forms with different ionization transitions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "specified-electron-donor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "charge-step-and-products", "name": "Charge step and products", "description": "Distinguish a single electron-removal step from cumulative or fragmentation processes.", "findings": [ { "id": "specified-ionization-step", "name": "Specified ionization step", "description": "Record the initial and final charge states and distinguish stepwise ionization from total multiple-electron removal or dissociative product formation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a first ionization, a specified successive ionization or a cumulative energy for removing several electrons?", "kind": "definition", "id": "specified-ionization-step-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported threshold form the intact ion, or does it refer to a fragment appearance process?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "specified-ionization-step-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-geometry-conventions", "name": "State and geometry conventions", "description": "Define the initial and final states whose energy difference is represented.", "rationale": "Different electronic states and nuclear geometries yield distinct, potentially valid values for the same species.", "layers": [ { "id": "electronic-state-pair", "name": "Electronic state pair", "description": "Identify the electronic preparation of the donor and the resulting ionic state.", "findings": [ { "id": "state-resolved-transition", "name": "State-resolved transition", "description": "Record whether the value concerns a ground-state threshold, an excited initial state or a particular excited ionic channel.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which initial electronic state and final ionic state define the reported energy?", "kind": "definition", "id": "state-resolved-transition-q01" }, { "text": "What spectroscopic assignment or calculation supports that state pair?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "state-resolved-transition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nuclear-relaxation", "name": "Nuclear relaxation", "description": "Specify the treatment of molecular geometry and nuclear motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "vertical-or-adiabatic-value", "name": "Vertical or adiabatic value", "description": "Record whether electron removal is evaluated at a fixed initial geometry or between relaxed structures, together with any vibrational or zero-point convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the molecular value vertical or adiabatic, and which initial and final geometries are used?", "kind": "definition", "id": "vertical-or-adiabatic-value-q01" }, { "text": "Are zero-point energies or resolved vibrational levels included in the reported value?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "vertical-or-adiabatic-value-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-reference-and-environment", "name": "Energy reference and environment", "description": "Make the numerical energy interpretable through explicit units, reference states and physical surroundings.", "rationale": "Unit agreement alone does not establish that two electron-removal energies measure the same quantity.", "layers": [ { "id": "numerical-basis", "name": "Numerical basis", "description": "Record energy units, normalization and the reference used for the removed electron.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-value-and-zero", "name": "Energy value and zero", "description": "Preserve the reported value and distinguish energy per event from molar energy, including the final free-electron reference.", "questions": [ { "text": "What value and unit are reported, and is the energy normalized per electron-removal event or per mole of events?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "energy-value-and-zero-q01" }, { "text": "What energy reference is assigned to the removed electron, and how is the threshold defined relative to it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "energy-value-and-zero-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environmental-boundary", "name": "Environmental boundary", "description": "Determine whether the value concerns an isolated species or an environment-dependent process.", "findings": [ { "id": "isolated-or-embedded-species", "name": "Isolated or embedded species", "description": "Record phase, surroundings and applied fields where relevant, and identify terminology that overlaps with material or solution energetics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the energy determined for an isolated gas-phase species, a solvated species, an adsorbate or another environment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "isolated-or-embedded-species-q01" }, { "text": "Does interpreting this value require a neighbouring model for work function, solution redox energetics or solid-state electron removal?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "isolated-or-embedded-species-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "determination-and-evidence", "name": "Determination and evidence", "description": "Connect each energy claim to the experiment, calculation or evaluation that supports it.", "rationale": "A threshold, spectral maximum and computed energy difference may represent different operational definitions.", "layers": [ { "id": "experimental-observable", "name": "Experimental observable", "description": "Identify how experimental signals were converted into a stated ionization energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "observable-to-threshold-assignment", "name": "Observable-to-threshold assignment", "description": "Record the experimental technique, the assigned onset or spectral feature, calibration and reported uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observable supports the value, and how was an onset, line or band feature assigned to the specified ionization transition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observable-to-threshold-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which accessible source reports the method, calibration, state assignment and uncertainty?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observable-to-threshold-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calculation-and-evaluation", "name": "Calculation and evaluation", "description": "Preserve the assumptions behind theoretical values and compiled recommendations.", "findings": [ { "id": "computed-or-recommended-energy", "name": "Computed or recommended energy", "description": "Distinguish total-energy differences and other computational estimates from experimentally evaluated recommendations.", "questions": [ { "text": "For a calculated value, which method, basis, state treatment and geometry protocol produced the energy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "computed-or-recommended-energy-q01" }, { "text": "For a compiled value, which underlying determinations were selected and how were disagreements or uncertainties treated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "computed-or-recommended-energy-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-permitted-inference", "name": "Comparison and permitted inference", "description": "Determine which comparisons and practical conclusions the recorded ionization energy supports.", "rationale": "A valid energy value can still be misused when conventions differ or energetic accessibility is confused with process likelihood.", "layers": [ { "id": "compatible-comparisons", "name": "Compatible comparisons", "description": "Establish comparability across species, charge states and sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-eligibility", "name": "Comparison eligibility", "description": "Require compatible state, geometry, environment and unit conventions before ranking values or interpreting trends.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the values share compatible ionization order, state preparation, geometry convention and physical environment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparison-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Is the proposed difference or ordering resolved by the stated uncertainties?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparison-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "threshold-based-decisions", "name": "Threshold-based decisions", "description": "Use the energy in a specified physical scenario while identifying additional information needed for predictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "energetic-accessibility", "name": "Energetic accessibility", "description": "Support threshold checks for a defined ionization channel while keeping yield, rate and competing-channel predictions dependent on additional evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the specified initial state and interaction mechanism, does the supplied energy reach the relevant ionization threshold?", "kind": "action", "id": "energetic-accessibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which cross sections, selection rules or competing processes must be supplied before predicting an observable ionization yield?", "kind": "action", "id": "energetic-accessibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sense covered is the atomic and molecular physical quantity, not a bulk-material electron-removal property.", "The numerical ranges are rounded guides for neutral atomic first ionization energies, not bounds for molecules, successive ionizations, or core-electron removal.", "Specific tabulated values require checking the species, initial and final states, measurement method, and uncertainty; no sources were consulted for this recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "First ionization energy", "Successive ionization energies", "Adiabatic molecular ionization energy", "Vertical molecular ionization energy", "Valence-electron ionization energy", "Core-electron ionization energy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IUPAC Gold Book provides terminology for ionization energy and related quantities.", "IUPAC Green Book provides conventions for physical quantities, units, and symbols used in reporting ionization energies." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Explaining periodic trends in atomic electronic structure and chemical behavior.", "Assigning electronic states and electron-removal features in photoelectron spectra.", "Selecting photon energies for photoionization experiments and analytical instruments.", "Modeling ionization processes in plasmas and astrophysical gases.", "Interpreting molecular ion formation in mass spectrometry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "First ionization energy of neutral ground-state atoms", "typical_range": "Approximately 4-25", "unit": "eV per atom" }, { "quantity": "Molar first ionization energy of neutral ground-state atoms", "typical_range": "Approximately 400-2400", "unit": "kJ/mol" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Comparing values without specifying charge state, electronic state, or which electron-removal step they describe.", "Treating vertical and adiabatic molecular ionization energies as interchangeable despite nuclear relaxation.", "Confusing ionization energy with electron affinity, electronegativity, or a solid's work function.", "Mixing energy per particle with energy per mole, or reporting electronvolts as volts.", "Equating a measured ion-production onset directly with ionization energy when fragmentation, excited states, or instrumental effects affect the onset." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "British usage commonly writes 'ionisation energy'; American usage writes 'ionization energy', with no difference in the quantity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "electron affinity", "difference": "Concerns electron attachment to a species rather than electron removal; its sign convention must be specified." }, { "name": "electronegativity", "difference": "Describes an atom's tendency to attract electron density in a chemical context rather than a specified isolated-species electron-removal threshold." }, { "name": "work function", "difference": "Describes electron removal from a material to vacuum and depends on its electronic and surface properties." }, { "name": "excitation energy", "difference": "Can raise a system to another bound state without removing an electron." }, { "name": "ionization potential", "difference": "Historically often names the same threshold; strictly, an equivalent potential is the ionization energy divided by the elementary charge." }, { "name": "appearance energy", "difference": "Is the threshold for observing a particular product ion, which may require fragmentation as well as ionization." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ionization energy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative terminology sources should govern the treatment of 'ionization energy' and the historical term 'ionization potential' in this registry?", "Should environment-dependent molecular ionization values remain within this entry when their reference states are explicit, or be owned by neighbouring models?", "What minimum electronic-state, geometry and vibrational metadata should be required before a molecular value is accepted as comparable?", "Which evaluated data sources should take precedence when experimental thresholds and theoretical estimates disagree?", "Should negative-ion electron detachment be represented as a qualified electron-removal case here or linked exclusively to a neighbouring detachment-energy model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ionization energy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and use ionization-energy claims only when the species, electron-removal transition, physical conditions and energy convention are sufficiently specified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: donor ionization energy, acceptor ionization energy.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ionization energy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "donor ionization energy", "acceptor ionization energy" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ionization energy from another, and a ionization energy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ionization energy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ionization energy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ionization energy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ionization energy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ionization energy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ionization energy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What ionization energy is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of ionization energy are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is ionization energy operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of ionization energy and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of ionization energy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as ionization energy?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ionization energy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ionization energy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ionization energy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ionization energy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ionization energy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ionization energy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }