{ "model": { "rank": 3421, "code": "thing-q484637", "model_id": "vr.tr.linear-equation", "name": "linear equation", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a linear equation, determine its solution conditions, and choose transformations or solution methods that preserve its meaning.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q484637/", "tier": 2, "score": 86, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "linear difference equation", "linear diophantine equation" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 86, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q484637", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484637", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:42:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c51-007f-7ca3-955e-e1f5c1bbca6c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: linear equation\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c51-0086-73e3-8948-2d399d3b448d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: linear equation\nRegistry id: vr.tr.linear-equation\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q484637", "registryId": "vr.tr.linear-equation", "name": "linear equation", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q484637/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.linear-equation", "name": "linear equation", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a linear equation, determine its solution conditions, and choose transformations or solution methods that preserve its meaning.", "definition": "A linear equation is an equation expressible as a₁x₁ + ⋯ + aₙxₙ = b, where the unknowns xᵢ occur only to the first power, the coefficients aᵢ and constant b are independent of the unknowns, and at least one coefficient is nonzero.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the mathematical constraint represented by one scalar equation reducible through domain-valid equivalences to a₁x₁ + … + aₙxₙ = b, with coefficients independent of the designated unknowns, while recording its domain, parameters, restrictions and degenerate cases under registry entry vr.tr.linear-equation.", "in_scope": [ "Designation of unknowns, parameters, coefficients and the constant term", "Original notation and a domain-preserving linear form", "Admissible values and restrictions inherited from the original equation", "Consistency, solution sets and parameter-dependent degeneracies", "Equivalent transformations and verification of candidate solutions", "Geometric and applied interpretations of a single linear constraint" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Systems of multiple equations and their collective rank or consistency", "Linear inequalities and optimisation objectives", "Linear functions and linear maps considered independently of an equation", "Differential, integral and operator equations whose unknowns are functions", "Nonlinear equations and approximate linearisation of nonlinear models", "Authorship, editions, rights and physical carriers of mathematical texts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "It asserts equality and constrains admissible values; an expression such as 3x + 2 alone is not an equation.", "After valid simplification, designated unknowns occur only to the first power and are not multiplied together or retained inside nonlinear operations.", "Linearity is relative to the designated unknowns: ax = b is linear in x when a is a parameter, but generally nonlinear when both a and x are unknowns.", "It contains one scalar equality; several simultaneous equalities belong to a system, even when written as one vector equation.", "A nonzero right-hand constant is allowed: x + y = 1 is a linear equation whose real solution set is affine, although the corresponding residual function is not a linear map." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Designated unknowns", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Ordered list of symbols interpreted as scalar unknowns", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an occurrence is a coefficient, parameter or nonlinear interaction." }, { "name": "Scalar domain", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Real numbers, complex numbers, rational numbers, integers, a specified finite field, or another explicitly defined domain", "why_it_matters": "Controls allowed arithmetic and whether existence, uniqueness and geometric claims apply." }, { "name": "Coefficient assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mapping from each designated unknown to its coefficient, including parameter dependencies", "why_it_matters": "Supports classification, solution and detection of branches where coefficients vanish." }, { "name": "Constant term", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Scalar b in the recorded form Σaᵢxᵢ = b", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes homogeneous constraints and determines consistency when every coefficient vanishes." }, { "name": "Admissibility restrictions", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Excluded values, interval restrictions, integrality requirements or other predicates", "why_it_matters": "Prevents algebraic simplification from silently admitting values forbidden by the original equation or context." }, { "name": "Consistency and solution multiplicity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Undetermined, no solution, one solution, multiple finite solutions, or infinitely many solutions, conditional on assumptions", "why_it_matters": "Expresses the equation's current mathematical status without assuming a real-valued domain." }, { "name": "Homogeneity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Homogeneous when b = 0; nonhomogeneous when b ≠ 0; parameter-dependent when unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports valid claims about zero solutions and vector-space structure." }, { "name": "Numerical representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Exact symbolic values, exact rational values, rounded floating-point values, or uncertain measured values", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether exact equality, numerical residuals or uncertainty bounds are appropriate." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify designated unknowns and classify linearity under explicit parameter assumptions.", "Reduce the equation to a linear form while retaining inherited domain restrictions.", "Isolate an unknown when its coefficient is invertible, splitting parameter cases when necessary.", "Describe or parameterise the admissible solution set and verify candidate assignments.", "Interpret a real-valued equation as a line, plane or hyperplane when its coefficients justify that interpretation.", "Evaluate numerical residuals and assess whether a computed solution meets an explicitly chosen tolerance." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "equation-identity-and-linearity", "name": "Equation identity and linearity", "description": "Establishes which equality is being modelled and relative to which unknowns it is linear.", "rationale": "The same notation can represent a linear equation, a nonlinear constraint or an expression depending on symbol roles and valid simplifications.", "layers": [ { "id": "equality-and-symbol-roles", "name": "Equality and symbol roles", "description": "Records the original equality and separates unknowns from fixed or conditional inputs.", "findings": [ { "id": "designated-unknowns-determine-linearity", "name": "Designated unknowns determine linearity", "description": "A coefficient may depend on parameters but must be independent of the designated unknowns.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symbols are unknowns to solve for, and which are coefficients or parameters?", "kind": "definition", "id": "designated-unknowns-determine-linearity-q01" }, { "text": "Would treating any current parameter as an additional unknown introduce products or other nonlinear dependence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "designated-unknowns-determine-linearity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "linear-form-and-degeneracy", "name": "Linear form and degeneracy", "description": "Tests reduction to a linear form and makes zero-coefficient outcomes explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "validated-linear-form", "name": "Validated linear form", "description": "The recorded form Σaᵢxᵢ = b must follow from valid simplification; all-zero coefficients require separate identity or contradiction handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "What domain-valid steps produce Σaᵢxᵢ = b from the original equality?", "kind": "action", "id": "validated-linear-form-q01" }, { "text": "Can all coefficients vanish, and does that branch reduce to 0 = 0 or 0 = b with b nonzero?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "validated-linear-form-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "domains-and-parameter-conditions", "name": "Domains and parameter conditions", "description": "Defines the arithmetic setting and the conditions under which coefficients and unknowns are interpreted.", "rationale": "An equation such as 2x = 1 has different solution behaviour over the reals, integers and fields of characteristic two.", "layers": [ { "id": "scalar-domain-and-admissibility", "name": "Scalar domain and admissibility", "description": "Separates the ambient scalar domain from additional restrictions on assignments.", "findings": [ { "id": "domain-controls-solvability", "name": "Domain controls solvability", "description": "Division, solution counts and admissibility must be assessed in the specified domain rather than presumed from real arithmetic.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which scalar domain are the equation's operations and equality interpreted?", "kind": "definition", "id": "domain-controls-solvability-q01" }, { "text": "Which otherwise algebraic solutions are excluded by integrality, bounds or restrictions inherited from the original expression?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "domain-controls-solvability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "parameter-branches", "name": "Parameter branches", "description": "Tracks coefficient conditions that change available operations or solution behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "coefficient-invertibility-is-conditional", "name": "Coefficient invertibility is conditional", "description": "Isolating an unknown by division requires an invertible coefficient; parameter values may invalidate that step.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under which parameter conditions is the coefficient selected for division invertible?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coefficient-invertibility-is-conditional-q01" }, { "text": "What separate solution analysis is required when that coefficient is zero or otherwise noninvertible?", "kind": "action", "id": "coefficient-invertibility-is-conditional-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transformations-and-verification", "name": "Transformations and verification", "description": "Controls algebraic manipulation and checks whether a proposed solution satisfies the original constraint.", "rationale": "Unrecorded division, cancellation or numerical tolerance can change the solution set or misclassify a candidate.", "layers": [ { "id": "solution-preserving-transformations", "name": "Solution-preserving transformations", "description": "Records transformation conditions and distinguishes equivalence from one-way implication.", "findings": [ { "id": "equivalence-requires-operation-conditions", "name": "Equivalence requires operation conditions", "description": "Adding a defined expression to both sides preserves equality; multiplying or dividing requires attention to invertibility and retained restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each transformation preserve exactly the admissible solution set, or only imply the next equation?", "kind": "action", "id": "equivalence-requires-operation-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Which nonzero assumptions or excluded values must accompany cancellation or denominator clearing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "equivalence-requires-operation-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "candidate-and-residual-checks", "name": "Candidate and residual checks", "description": "Verifies assignments against the original equation using exact or explicitly approximate criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "verification-matches-number-representation", "name": "Verification matches number representation", "description": "Exact candidates require equality and admissibility checks; approximate candidates require a stated residual criterion whose scale is understood.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does substituting the candidate into the original equality satisfy both sides and every retained restriction?", "kind": "action", "id": "verification-matches-number-representation-q01" }, { "text": "For an approximate candidate, what residual, scaling convention and tolerance determine acceptance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verification-matches-number-representation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "solution-set-and-geometry", "name": "Solution set and geometry", "description": "Describes consistency, degrees of freedom and the geometry supported by the chosen domain.", "rationale": "A single linear equation may determine one value, leave free variables, exclude every assignment or impose no effective constraint.", "layers": [ { "id": "consistency-and-parameterisation", "name": "Consistency and parameterisation", "description": "Determines the solution set under each domain and parameter branch.", "findings": [ { "id": "nonzero-field-coefficient-enables-isolation", "name": "Nonzero field coefficient enables isolation", "description": "Over a field, with unrestricted unknowns and at least one nonzero coefficient, one unknown can be expressed in terms of the other n − 1; further restrictions may reduce or empty this set.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which unknown can be isolated, and which remaining unknowns are free within the stated domain?", "kind": "action", "id": "nonzero-field-coefficient-enables-isolation-q01" }, { "text": "After applying all restrictions, is the solution set empty, a singleton, finite with several members or infinite?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "nonzero-field-coefficient-enables-isolation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "affine-geometric-interpretation", "name": "Affine geometric interpretation", "description": "Relates real solutions to geometric constraints without confusing affine sets with linear maps.", "findings": [ { "id": "nonzero-coefficient-vector-defines-hyperplane", "name": "Nonzero coefficient vector defines a hyperplane", "description": "In unrestricted real n-space, a nonzero coefficient vector defines an affine hyperplane of dimension n − 1; it passes through the origin exactly when b = 0.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the domain and coefficient conditions support a real hyperplane interpretation, and what is its dimension?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "nonzero-coefficient-vector-defines-hyperplane-q01" }, { "text": "What coefficient vector supplies a normal direction, and does the solution set contain the origin?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "nonzero-coefficient-vector-defines-hyperplane-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "applied-meaning-and-numerical-use", "name": "Applied meaning and numerical use", "description": "Connects an applied equation to quantities, assumptions and the reliability of computed solutions.", "rationale": "Correct algebra alone cannot establish whether terms have compatible units or whether uncertain coefficients support a reliable answer.", "layers": [ { "id": "quantity-interpretation", "name": "Quantity interpretation", "description": "Records what variables and coefficients mean when the equation represents an external situation.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-require-compatible-quantity-meaning", "name": "Terms require compatible quantity meaning", "description": "For a dimensional applied equation, each additive term and the right-hand side must represent compatible quantities, with assumptions supporting the asserted relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What quantities and units do the unknowns, coefficients and constant represent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "terms-require-compatible-quantity-meaning-q01" }, { "text": "Which derivation, observation or modelling assumption supports this particular linear equality and its range of use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "terms-require-compatible-quantity-meaning-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "uncertainty-and-sensitivity", "name": "Uncertainty and sensitivity", "description": "Separates exact symbolic solvability from numerical reliability under rounded or uncertain inputs.", "findings": [ { "id": "input-uncertainty-propagates-through-solution", "name": "Input uncertainty propagates through solution", "description": "For an isolated unknown, coefficient and constant uncertainty can materially affect the answer, particularly near parameter values where the isolating coefficient vanishes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which coefficients and constants are exact, rounded or uncertain, and what uncertainty information is available?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "input-uncertainty-propagates-through-solution-q01" }, { "text": "How much can the selected solution vary under the stated input uncertainty and assumptions about free variables?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "input-uncertainty-propagates-through-solution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the conventional algebraic sense; the supplied domain code INF.MED should be checked against the registry's intended classification.", "The usual elementary setting is real or complex scalars; restricting unknowns to integers or changing the underlying algebraic structure changes solvability.", "Some treatments include degenerate forms with every coefficient zero; these reduce to an identity or a contradiction and are excluded by this definition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of linear equation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Linear equation in one unknown", "Linear equation in two unknowns", "Linear equation in several unknowns", "Homogeneous linear equation (b = 0)", "Nonhomogeneous linear equation (b ≠ 0)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of linear equation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Expressing balance constraints in budgets, material flows and electrical circuits", "Representing straight lines and hyperplanes in coordinate geometry", "Formulating constraints in linear programming", "Approximating nonlinear relationships near a chosen operating point", "Constructing systems of equations for engineering and scientific computation" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of linear equation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating products, powers or variable denominators involving the unknowns as linear terms", "Dividing by a coefficient without checking whether it can be zero", "Combining quantities with incompatible physical units", "Using a linear approximation outside the region where it is accurate", "Confusing linearity in fitted parameters with linearity in predictor variables" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of linear equation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Linear expression", "difference": "An expression has no asserted equality; a linear equation equates an expression to another expression or value." }, { "name": "System of linear equations", "difference": "A system imposes multiple linear equations simultaneously on shared unknowns." }, { "name": "Linear inequality", "difference": "An inequality uses an ordering relation such as ≤ rather than equality." }, { "name": "Nonlinear equation", "difference": "Its dependence on the designated unknowns cannot be expressed in linear form, for example because it includes their products or squares." }, { "name": "Linear map", "difference": "A linear map preserves addition and scalar multiplication; a linear equation specifies a constraint, and its solution set need not pass through the origin." }, { "name": "Linear differential equation", "difference": "Its unknown is a function acted on linearly by differentiation, rather than a finite collection of scalar unknowns." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of linear equation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend only elementary scalar equations over real or complex numbers, or also integer, finite-field and more general algebraic domains?", "Should identities and contradictions obtained when every variable coefficient vanishes be classified as linear equations themselves or only as degenerate outcomes?", "Should equations that become linear through domain-restricted cancellation belong to this entry or remain linked instances of a broader equation model?", "Which existing Vercy models already own equation equivalence, scalar domains, quantities and solution sets, so this entry can reuse their boundaries?", "Which authoritative mathematical sources and registry evidence should establish the final definition and explain the INF / INF.MED placement?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a linear equation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a linear equation, determine its solution conditions, and choose transformations or solution methods that preserve its meaning.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: linear difference equation, linear diophantine equation.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a linear equation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "linear difference equation", "linear diophantine equation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one linear equation from another, and a linear equation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a linear equation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a linear equation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a linear equation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a linear equation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a linear equation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a linear equation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a linear equation says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a linear equation contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a linear equation and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of linear equation a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For linear equation, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of linear equation exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made linear equation and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to linear equation, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in linear equation, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a linear equation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a linear equation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a linear equation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a linear equation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a linear equation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a linear equation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }