{ "model": { "rank": 6553, "code": "thing-q484924", "model_id": "vr.tr.tuff", "name": "tuff", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify tuff, assess its geological and material condition, and determine suitable investigation, handling or use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q484924/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Shakudani Stone", "cappellaccio", "Hinata stone", "peperino", "green tuff", "Beočin's zeolitic tuff", "Đerdap tuff", "Weibern Tuff", "Aso Welded Tuff", "Michelnau tuff", "Ani tuff", "Filipowice tuff", "Brisbane tuff", "Rochlitzer porphyry", "Yerevan-Gyumri tuff", "Ettringen tuff", "nenfro", "Piperno", "tuffite", "Cockercombe tuff", "Ōya Stone", "Habichtswald Tuff" ], "aliasCount": 22, "merged": 22, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q484924", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484924", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:59:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08864-a540-7ae1-a33f-d49aa5f157ca\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tuff\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 registered ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 57.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08864-a553-7572-9a48-0db7dfa8d57b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tuff\nRegistry id: vr.tr.tuff\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for th" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q484924", "registryId": "vr.tr.tuff", "name": "tuff", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q484924/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tuff", "name": "tuff", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify tuff, assess its geological and material condition, and determine suitable investigation, handling or use.", "definition": "Tuff is a consolidated pyroclastic rock composed predominantly of volcanic ash particles smaller than 2 mm, deposited during explosive volcanism and subsequently consolidated by compaction, cementation or welding.", "scope_statement": "This model owns tuff as consolidated volcanic ash material, including its constituents, depositional fabric, consolidation, alteration and properties in outcrops or worked stone; it distinguishes the rock kind from a particular deposit, specimen or product.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of consolidated volcanic ash and its distinction from neighbouring rock classes", "Ash, crystal, lithic and pumice constituents and their proportions", "Depositional fabric, welding and post-depositional consolidation", "Alteration, pore structure, fractures and weathering condition", "Evidence needed to assess sampling, excavation and stone-use suitability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Volcano behaviour and eruption forecasting", "Whole stratigraphic formations and regional geological histories", "Unconsolidated volcanic ash and tephra as separate material kinds", "Lava, carbonate tufa and neighbouring volcaniclastic rock classes", "Design and certification of buildings or products made from tuff" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish that volcanic ash forms the defining material; colour, lightness or porosity alone cannot identify tuff.", "Check consolidation to distinguish tuff from loose ash, while recording weakly consolidated boundary cases.", "Measure constituent size proportions to distinguish tuff from lapilli-dominated or coarser pyroclastic rocks under an explicit classification scheme.", "Look for fragmental ash textures to distinguish tuff from coherent lava; strong welding or alteration may require petrographic examination.", "Distinguish volcanic tuff from carbonate tufa using constituent and mineralogical evidence rather than the similarity of their names." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classification and confidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Rock name, classification scheme and edition, confidence, supporting observations", "why_it_matters": "Makes the identification and its boundary assumptions reviewable." }, { "name": "Constituent size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Particle size in mm; size-class proportions in volume %, with method", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether ash-sized material supports classification as tuff." }, { "name": "Component proportions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Glass or altered glass, crystals, lithic fragments and pumice in volume %, with counting rules", "why_it_matters": "Supports descriptive classification while avoiding double counting overlapping component categories." }, { "name": "Welding grade", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Non-welded, partly welded, densely welded or undetermined; scheme and evidence recorded", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes thermal compaction and fusion from other causes of cohesion." }, { "name": "Consolidation mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Welding, cementation, compaction, combination or undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain cohesion and potential variation in material behaviour." }, { "name": "Fabric orientation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Bedding, foliation and fracture orientations in degrees, with reference frame", "why_it_matters": "Supports oriented sampling and assessment of directional behaviour." }, { "name": "Alteration assemblage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed secondary minerals, replacement textures and analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Records transformations that may obscure identification or affect durability." }, { "name": "Connected porosity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Volume %, with test method and specimen condition", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess water access and transport through the rock." }, { "name": "Mechanical strength", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "MPa, with test type, loading orientation, moisture condition and specimen dimensions", "why_it_matters": "Supports use decisions without assuming all tuffs have similar strength." }, { "name": "Weathering condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Recorded grade and scheme, with friability, scaling, cracking and surface-loss observations", "why_it_matters": "Separates present condition from the properties of fresh material." }, { "name": "Geological source", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to specimen, outcrop, bed or quarry records, including position within the source", "why_it_matters": "Connects measurements to their origin and limits extrapolation across variable deposits." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate rock and identify the observations needed to resolve an uncertain tuff identification.", "Select representative, oriented samples across changes in bedding, welding or alteration.", "Compare fresh, weathered, dry and wet material using condition-specific measurements.", "Assess whether a particular tuff warrants further testing for cutting, excavation or stone use.", "Choose handling and storage conditions based on observed friability and moisture sensitivity.", "Trace a specimen or worked stone to a documented source and assess the strength of that attribution." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-constituents", "name": "Identity and constituents", "description": "Establish whether the material is tuff and describe the volcanic fragments that justify its name.", "rationale": "Tuff identification depends on constituent origin, size and consolidation rather than a single appearance.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-boundaries", "name": "Classification boundaries", "description": "Resolve boundaries with loose ash, other pyroclastic rocks, lava and tufa.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-tuff-identification", "name": "Supported tuff identification", "description": "Record the observations and naming convention supporting identification, including unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes consolidated volcanic ash rather than coherent lava, carbonate tufa or another fragmental rock?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-tuff-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which classification scheme and measured size proportions place this material within tuff rather than an adjacent pyroclastic class?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-tuff-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fragment-population", "name": "Fragment population", "description": "Describe ash constituents and any coarser inclusions without conflating grain size with component type.", "findings": [ { "id": "constituent-evidence", "name": "Constituent evidence", "description": "Record component counts, textures and identification limits in a representative sample.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportions of glass or altered glass, crystals, lithic fragments and pumice are observed, and how were overlapping categories handled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "constituent-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which original constituents remain identifiable, and which are obscured by welding, cementation or replacement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "constituent-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "deposition-and-consolidation", "name": "Deposition and consolidation", "description": "Separate evidence for emplacement from evidence for how the ash became coherent rock.", "rationale": "A tuff name alone does not establish its transport process, depositional setting or welding history.", "layers": [ { "id": "depositional-fabric", "name": "Depositional fabric", "description": "Record bedding and fragment arrangements relevant to deposition and subsequent reworking.", "findings": [ { "id": "emplacement-evidence", "name": "Emplacement evidence", "description": "Distinguish observed structures from interpretations of ash fall, density-current deposition or reworking.", "questions": [ { "text": "What bedding, grading, sorting, erosional contacts or sedimentary admixtures are actually observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "emplacement-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the proposed emplacement process, and does reworking change the appropriate rock name under the chosen scheme?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "emplacement-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cohesion-and-welding", "name": "Cohesion and welding", "description": "Identify mechanisms responsible for consolidation and their spatial variation.", "findings": [ { "id": "consolidation-evidence", "name": "Consolidation evidence", "description": "Record evidence for welding, compaction and cementation without inferring welding from hardness alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which shard-contact, deformation or cement textures support each proposed consolidation mechanism?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "consolidation-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How does welding or cementation vary across the sampled bed, block or outcrop?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "consolidation-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "alteration-and-material-behaviour", "name": "Alteration and material behaviour", "description": "Connect mineralogical change and pore structure to measured present-day behaviour.", "rationale": "Tuffs with similar names can differ substantially in water response, strength and deterioration.", "layers": [ { "id": "alteration-and-voids", "name": "Alteration and voids", "description": "Characterise secondary minerals and the accessible pore and fracture network.", "findings": [ { "id": "altered-matrix-and-pore-network", "name": "Altered matrix and pore network", "description": "Document replacement, cement and void characteristics relevant to fluid access and material change.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which secondary minerals replace ash constituents or fill pores, and what analytical evidence identifies them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "altered-matrix-and-pore-network-q01" }, { "text": "What connected porosity, water absorption and fracture connectivity are measured for the material in its recorded condition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "altered-matrix-and-pore-network-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "strength-and-deterioration", "name": "Strength and deterioration", "description": "Assess directional and moisture-dependent performance alongside visible damage.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-performance", "name": "Condition-dependent performance", "description": "Keep test results tied to fabric orientation, moisture state and weathering rather than treating them as universal tuff properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do measured strength and breakdown behaviour vary with loading direction, moisture state and weathering grade?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed deterioration processes require changes to handling, exposure or proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-dependent-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "source-sampling-and-use", "name": "Source, sampling and use", "description": "Tie decisions about tuff to traceable material and representative evidence.", "rationale": "Local variations in welding, alteration and bedding can make a single specimen an unreliable guide to a deposit or stone supply.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-representativeness", "name": "Source and representativeness", "description": "Locate the assessed material within a geological source and define what it represents.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-sampling", "name": "Traceable sampling", "description": "Record source attribution and sampling coverage across relevant tuff variations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which outcrop, bed, quarry position or documented stone source supplied the assessed material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-sampling-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in welding, alteration, bedding and weathering must additional samples cover before results can represent the intended supply or rock mass?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-sampling-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-use-decisions", "name": "Intervention and use decisions", "description": "Translate material-specific evidence into justified actions and remaining testing needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-proposed-use", "name": "Evidence for proposed use", "description": "Assess a defined operation or application using the actual tuff's fabric, condition and test evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports cutting, excavating, storing or using this tuff under the proposed moisture, loading and exposure conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-for-proposed-use-q01" }, { "text": "Which application-specific tests and mineralogical or dust assessments remain necessary before that operation or use can be justified?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-for-proposed-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The geological rock sense is inferred because no sense was recorded.", "The listed kinds use overlapping criteria: component composition, welding and grain-size mixture; lapilli tuff includes a substantial coarser fraction.", "Engineering properties and suitability for construction or pozzolanic use require deposit-specific testing; no universal strength, density or porosity range is asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Vitric tuff", "Crystal tuff", "Lithic tuff", "Welded tuff", "Non-welded tuff", "Lapilli tuff" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Building blocks, dimension stone and architectural carving", "Natural pozzolan in lime mortars and cement, where composition and reactivity are suitable", "Aggregate where strength and durability meet the application requirements", "Geological marker beds for correlating rock sequences and reconstructing volcanic eruptions", "Zeolitized tuff used for adsorption and ion exchange" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Particle size of the ash fraction", "typical_range": "Less than 2", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Weak or altered tuff can crumble, erode or lose strength when wet.", "Porous varieties can deteriorate through freeze-thaw cycling and salt crystallization.", "Clay alteration can promote swelling and reduced strength.", "Fractures and weak layers can contribute to rockfalls and excavation instability.", "Cutting, crushing or drilling silica-bearing tuff can generate respirable crystalline silica dust." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Italian building-stone usage of 'tufo' does not always map cleanly onto the geological term tuff; local lithology should be checked.", "Local tuffs differ substantially in welding, alteration and composition, so performance cannot reliably be transferred between quarry regions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Volcanic ash", "difference": "Ash is particulate volcanic material smaller than 2 mm; tuff is consolidated rock formed predominantly from that material." }, { "name": "Tufa", "difference": "Tufa is a carbonate precipitate, commonly associated with freshwater; tuff is pyroclastic rock." }, { "name": "Ignimbrite", "difference": "Ignimbrite denotes a deposit from a pyroclastic density current; many ignimbrites are tuffs, but tuff can also form from ash fall and other depositional processes." }, { "name": "Lava", "difference": "Lava is erupted molten rock or its solidified product; tuff forms from accumulated volcanic fragments." }, { "name": "Volcanic breccia", "difference": "Volcanic breccia contains abundant coarse angular volcanic fragments, whereas tuff is predominantly ash-sized." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tuff this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative classification scheme and quantitative thresholds should govern the registry boundary between tuff, lapilli tuff and neighbouring volcaniclastic rocks?", "How should the model classify reworked ash-rich material and weakly consolidated deposits when naming conventions differ?", "Which diagnostic observations reliably distinguish welding from compaction and cementation in strongly altered specimens?", "Which test methods and acceptance criteria apply to each intended use, and how should results account for moisture and fabric orientation?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own tuff or its governing rock-classification concept, requiring a link instead of a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tuff, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify tuff, assess its geological and material condition, and determine suitable investigation, handling or use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Shakudani Stone, cappellaccio, Hinata stone, peperino, green tuff, Beočin's zeolitic tuff, Đerdap tuff, Weibern Tuff, Aso Welded Tuff, Michelnau tuff, Ani tuff, Filipowice tuff.", "22 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tuff, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Shakudani Stone", "cappellaccio", "Hinata stone", "peperino", "green tuff", "Beočin's zeolitic tuff", "Đerdap tuff", "Weibern Tuff", "Aso Welded Tuff", "Michelnau tuff", "Ani tuff", "Filipowice tuff" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 22 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tuff from another, and a tuff from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tuff sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tuff from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a tuff is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a tuff is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a tuff is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a tuff is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a tuff is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a tuff is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tuff passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tuff between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tuff, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tuff is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a tuff and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a tuff is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a tuff performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a tuff.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a tuff at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a tuff there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What tuff is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name tuff unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of tuff exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How tuff behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of tuff, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is tuff incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How tuff can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is tuff classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover tuff, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tuff came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tuff and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tuff is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tuff, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tuff, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tuff is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }