{ "model": { "rank": 5628, "code": "thing-q489157", "model_id": "vr.tr.stapler", "name": "stapler", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a stapler, assess its readiness and suitability for a fastening task, and identify permitted operation or maintenance.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q489157/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Saddle stitch stapler" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.stapler", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q489157", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489157", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:48:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0885a-749b-7d20-9741-7fc226227e31\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: stapler\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 register", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0885a-7497-7ca3-bffb-42213f423b2c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: stapler\nRegistry id: vr.tr.stapler\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q489157", "registryId": "vr.tr.stapler", "name": "stapler", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q489157/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.stapler", "name": "stapler", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a stapler, assess its readiness and suitability for a fastening task, and identify permitted operation or maintenance.", "definition": "A stapler is a fastening device that drives a staple through materials and, in a conventional office stapler, bends its projecting legs against an anvil to secure sheets together.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the kind-level properties of paper and document staplers, including manual and powered variants, their staple-feed and driving mechanisms, fastening modes, compatibility constraints and operational states; inclusion of construction and surgical staplers remains a registry boundary question.", "in_scope": [ "Manual and powered staplers intended to fasten paper or similar document materials", "Staple storage, feeding, separation, driving and clinching mechanisms", "Compatibility among staple format, material stack and fastening mode", "Sheet capacity, throat reach, alignment and accessible fastening positions", "Loading, operating, jam clearing and maintenance states" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Staples as independently catalogued consumable objects", "Staple removers and the separate process of removing fasteners", "Paper clips, binder clips and other fastening devices that do not drive staples", "Staple-free paper fastening devices that cut, fold or crimp sheets", "Construction staple guns and surgical staplers pending registry boundary resolution", "Product-line catalogues and individual-unit service histories as standalone models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Fastens material by driving a discrete staple through it, distinguishing it from devices that only clamp sheets together.", "Uses a staple supply and a driver that presents and drives a staple during a fastening cycle, distinguishing it from a staple remover.", "For ordinary document binding, positions the stack between a driver and an opposing clinching surface; any tacking configuration must be recorded separately.", "Requires compatible staples, distinguishing it from paper fasteners that form a joint directly from the sheets.", "Has a document-oriented working envelope and capacity; a shared staple-driving principle alone does not establish equivalence with a construction or surgical stapler." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Actuation method", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "direct manual force | assisted manual mechanism | electric | other documented method", "why_it_matters": "Determines how a cycle starts, what supplies its energy and what must be isolated before intervention." }, { "name": "Accepted staple formats", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "manufacturer-designated staple families or dimensioned staple specifications", "why_it_matters": "A similar appearance or designation does not establish feed, driver or clincher compatibility." }, { "name": "Permitted staple leg lengths", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, associated with staple family and supported stack thickness", "why_it_matters": "Leg length affects penetration, clinching and protrusion." }, { "name": "Rated fastening capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "sheet count with specified paper grammage in g/m², staple format and fastening mode; stack thickness in mm where documented", "why_it_matters": "A sheet-count rating is meaningful only under its stated conditions." }, { "name": "Throat depth", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm from the insertion stop to the staple driving line, with measurement convention recorded", "why_it_matters": "Limits how far from an accessible edge a staple can be placed." }, { "name": "Supported fastening modes", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "inward clinch | outward pinning | flat clinch | tacking | other documented mode", "why_it_matters": "Determines the resulting joint and the configuration required to produce it." }, { "name": "Staple supply state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "loaded and feeding | low | empty | misloaded | feed obstructed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates consumable depletion from mechanical faults." }, { "name": "Cycle readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready | loading | actuating | returning | jammed | isolated for service | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Constrains whether fastening, loading or inspection may proceed." }, { "name": "Trigger and protective controls", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented lever, switch, insertion sensor, guard, lock or interlock arrangement; absent or unknown where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Identifies potential unintended actuation and the controls available to prevent it." }, { "name": "Fastening result", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seated and clinched | incomplete penetration | malformed clinch | multiple staples driven | missed staple | material damaged | uninspected", "why_it_matters": "A completed actuator movement does not by itself establish a successful fastening." } ], "affordances": [ "Select a stapler and compatible staple format for a stated material stack and fastening position.", "Load or replace staples using the documented opening and feed procedure.", "Configure a supported clinching mode or paper guide and position the stack.", "Perform a fastening cycle when readiness and access conditions are satisfied.", "Inspect the crown, staple legs and sheet retention to judge fastening quality.", "Isolate the mechanism and follow documented steps to clear a jam or arrange repair." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "stapler-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Stapler identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes which staple-fastening devices this registry thing covers and which features identify an applicable variant.", "rationale": "Paper staplers share terminology and mechanisms with neighbouring tools that have different working interfaces and constraints.", "layers": [ { "id": "document-fastening-role", "name": "Document fastening role", "description": "Identifies the intended material and joint without reducing the kind to a particular product.", "findings": [ { "id": "driven-staple-joint", "name": "Driven staple joint", "description": "Record whether the device joins document materials by driving a supplied staple and how that staple is retained after penetration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the device drive a separate staple through the material, or does it clamp, cut or fold the material without a staple?", "kind": "definition", "id": "driven-staple-joint-q01" }, { "text": "Which intended materials and retention method establish that this device belongs within the document-stapler scope?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "driven-staple-joint-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variant-and-neighbouring-tools", "name": "Variant and neighbouring tools", "description": "Separates supported stapler variants from other staple-driving devices.", "findings": [ { "id": "variant-evidence", "name": "Variant evidence", "description": "Treat desktop, long-reach, booklet and powered configurations as candidate variants whose inclusion depends on function and registry boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented working arrangement identifies this variant, such as a flat base, extended throat or booklet saddle?", "kind": "definition", "id": "variant-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the registry place construction, packaging or surgical staplers within this entry or in neighbouring entries?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "variant-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "staple-and-stack-compatibility", "name": "Staple and stack compatibility", "description": "Connects accepted consumables with the stack a stapler can fasten.", "rationale": "Staple designation, leg length and stack properties jointly determine whether the device can feed and form a usable joint.", "layers": [ { "id": "consumable-fit", "name": "Consumable fit", "description": "Records the staple specifications accepted by the magazine, driver and clincher.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-staple-specification", "name": "Accepted staple specification", "description": "Record supported staple families and relevant dimensions without assuming equivalence between naming systems.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which staple designations, crown dimensions, wire dimensions and leg lengths are explicitly supported?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accepted-staple-specification-q01" }, { "text": "Which manufacturer instruction or dimensioned specification establishes each claimed compatibility?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-staple-specification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fastenable-stack", "name": "Fastenable stack", "description": "Expresses capacity with the material and staple conditions under which it applies.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-capacity", "name": "Conditional capacity", "description": "Record capacity as a conditional limit, including paper specification, stack thickness where available and required staple length.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sheet count or stack thickness is supported for the specified paper grammage and staple format?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "How should the agent select a supported leg length or reject a stack containing covers, folds or mixed materials?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditional-capacity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drive-feed-and-clinch", "name": "Drive, feed and clinch", "description": "Describes how a staple moves from its supply into a formed fastening.", "rationale": "Readiness and fault diagnosis depend on distinguishing feed, drive, return and clinching functions.", "layers": [ { "id": "staple-cycle", "name": "Staple cycle", "description": "Identifies the mechanism and energy used to present and drive a staple.", "findings": [ { "id": "feed-drive-return-sequence", "name": "Feed, drive and return sequence", "description": "Record how staples advance, how the driver actuates and what restores the mechanism for another cycle.", "questions": [ { "text": "What advances the staple supply, powers the driver and returns the mechanism to its ready position?", "kind": "definition", "id": "feed-drive-return-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observable conditions distinguish an empty supply, a feed obstruction and a driver that has failed to return?", "kind": "definition", "id": "feed-drive-return-sequence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "joint-forming-interface", "name": "Joint-forming interface", "description": "Records the relationship between the driver, material and clinching surface.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-clinch-configurations", "name": "Supported clinch configurations", "description": "Record the available clinching arrangements and any documented mode that operates without the usual opposing anvil.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which clinch or pinning patterns can this stapler produce, and what mechanism selects them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-clinch-configurations-q01" }, { "text": "What configuration changes are required for each supported mode, including tacking if explicitly permitted?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-clinch-configurations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "placement-and-fastening-quality", "name": "Placement and fastening quality", "description": "Connects the stapler's working geometry with the position and quality of the resulting joint.", "rationale": "Adequate capacity does not ensure that the stapler can reach the required location or produce an acceptable fastening.", "layers": [ { "id": "placement-envelope", "name": "Placement envelope", "description": "Captures throat reach, insertion clearance and material support.", "findings": [ { "id": "reachable-fastening-position", "name": "Reachable fastening position", "description": "Record which staple positions and orientations can be achieved while the stack remains correctly supported.", "questions": [ { "text": "What throat depth, insertion clearance and guide adjustment ranges are available, in millimetres?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reachable-fastening-position-q01" }, { "text": "Can the required edge or fold position be reached with the stack aligned to the driver and clincher?", "kind": "action", "id": "reachable-fastening-position-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "joint-inspection", "name": "Joint inspection", "description": "Defines observations needed to distinguish successful fastening from a completed but defective cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "formed-staple-acceptance", "name": "Formed staple acceptance", "description": "Assess crown seating, penetration, leg formation, material damage and retention against the intended fastening mode.", "questions": [ { "text": "What crown and leg appearance indicates an acceptable result for the selected clinching mode?", "kind": "definition", "id": "formed-staple-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed defects require stopping, changing the staple or stack, or inspecting the mechanism before another cycle?", "kind": "action", "id": "formed-staple-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "loading-safety-and-recovery", "name": "Loading, safety and recovery", "description": "Determines when the stapler can be used, replenished or accessed to resolve a fault.", "rationale": "Sharp staples, the driver path and potentially stored or electrical energy make the exact access and isolation sequence consequential.", "layers": [ { "id": "ready-state-and-actuation-control", "name": "Ready state and actuation control", "description": "Records trigger behaviour, exposed operating zones and protective features actually present.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-fastening-cycle", "name": "Controlled fastening cycle", "description": "Identify how a cycle can begin and which conditions must hold before material or hands approach the operating area.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can lever pressure, a switch or material insertion initiate a cycle, and which locks, guards or interlocks are documented?", "kind": "definition", "id": "controlled-fastening-cycle-q01" }, { "text": "What operating conditions keep fingers clear of the driver and clincher while allowing correct stack placement?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-fastening-cycle-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "replenishment-and-jam-recovery", "name": "Replenishment and jam recovery", "description": "Covers magazine access, safe fault intervention and restoration of feeding.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-service-sequence", "name": "Documented service sequence", "description": "Record loading and jam-clearing procedures, including energy isolation or restraint where the mechanism requires it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented steps make the stapler safe to open, replenish or clear, including control of any spring-loaded follower or powered actuator?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-service-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection and trial fastening confirm recovery, and which damage or recurring fault requires repair or replacement?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-service-sequence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The unqualified name is interpreted here as a paper stapler; confirm whether the registry intends a broader class including construction and surgical devices.", "Capacity and throat-depth figures are approximate desktop examples, not universal limits or verified product specifications.", "No standards are asserted from recall; staple compatibility and any requirements for powered models need verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Desktop office stapler", "Handheld plier stapler", "Heavy-duty paper stapler", "Long-reach stapler", "Saddle stapler for booklets", "Electric paper stapler" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Commercial staple size designation", "value_or_pattern": "24/6, 26/6", "note": "Common compatible-consumable designations, not identifiers of the stapler itself; the second number denotes nominal staple leg length in millimetres." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Binding loose paper documents", "Fastening folded booklet sheets along a central fold", "Attaching labels or tags to suitable packaging", "Fastening thicker paper stacks with a heavy-duty model" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Sheet capacity of a conventional desktop stapler", "typical_range": "Approximately 10-30, depending on paper grammage and staple specification", "unit": "sheets" }, { "quantity": "Staple leg length for common desktop consumables", "typical_range": "Commonly 6", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Throat depth of a conventional desktop stapler", "typical_range": "Approximately 50-100", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Incorrectly sized, damaged or misloaded staples can jam the feed or driver.", "Exceeding capacity or using insufficient staple leg length can leave sheets incompletely fastened.", "Anvil misalignment or an unsuitable clinching setting can leave staple legs projecting.", "The driver and closing mechanism can puncture or pinch fingers.", "Worn or damaged feed springs and driver components can cause missed feeds or malformed staples." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Staple size labels and the prevalence of particular consumables vary by market; compatibility should follow the manufacturer's specification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Staple", "difference": "The staple is the fastener consumed during use; the stapler is the device that applies it." }, { "name": "Staple gun", "difference": "Typically drives staples into a supporting substrate without clinching them against an opposing anvil." }, { "name": "Staple remover", "difference": "Extracts an existing staple rather than installing one." }, { "name": "Stapleless paper fastener", "difference": "Joins sheets by cutting, folding or crimping the paper without adding a staple." }, { "name": "Surgical stapler", "difference": "Applies staples to biological tissue and has a distinct clinical purpose, design and regulatory context." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of stapler this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.stapler cover only document staplers, or also construction, packaging and surgical staplers, and does an existing world model already own any of this scope?", "Which primary specifications establish staple-designation equivalences and dimensional tolerances without relying on retailer compatibility claims?", "How do manufacturers define sheet capacity and throat depth, and which measurement conditions are needed for valid comparisons?", "Which standards, issuing bodies and conformity requirements apply to each manual or powered variant in its intended market?", "Which variant-specific instructions establish supported fastening modes, safe jam clearing and limits on user maintenance?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a stapler, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a stapler, assess its readiness and suitability for a fastening task, and identify permitted operation or maintenance.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Saddle stitch stapler.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a stapler, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Saddle stitch stapler" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one stapler from another, and a stapler from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a stapler sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a stapler from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a stapler is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a stapler is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a stapler is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a stapler is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a stapler is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a stapler is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a stapler passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a stapler between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a stapler, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a stapler is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What stapler is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does stapler perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise stapler, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How stapler is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does stapler have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does stapler need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about stapler is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about stapler hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern stapler, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a stapler came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a stapler and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a stapler is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a stapler, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a stapler, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a stapler is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }