{ "model": { "rank": 2259, "code": "thing-q49013", "model_id": "vr.tr.sewing-machine", "name": "sewing machine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a sewing machine, assess its readiness for a specified sewing task, and determine which setup, operation or maintenance actions are supported.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q49013/", "tier": 2, "score": 111, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "industrial sewing machine", "overlock sewing machine", "embroidery machine", "longarm sewing machine", "Singer Improved Family", "Toyota E+R Classic LC21", "Tipmatic 6120", "Tesco EJ09", "Veritas 8014/4140 E", "Singer 2708", "Lucznik 720 D", "Hobby 350", "Elna", "Schiffli embroidery machine" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 111, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q49013", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49013", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:11:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0128061, "turns": 1, "seconds": 156.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8c-9900-72c2-9850-b4537e64a12c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sewing machine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sewing-machine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q49013", "registryId": "vr.tr.sewing-machine", "name": "sewing machine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q49013/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sewing-machine", "name": "sewing machine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a sewing machine, assess its readiness for a specified sewing task, and determine which setup, operation or maintenance actions are supported.", "definition": "A sewing machine is a machine that forms a stitch in fabric or other sheet material by driving a threaded needle through the work and interlocking that thread with a second thread (lockstitch, via bobbin or shuttle) or with itself (chainstitch, via looper), so that pieces can be joined, bound, or finished at a controlled stitch length and tension without the operator completing each stitch by hand.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the individual sewing machine, its stitch-forming and material-feeding mechanisms, installed configuration, operating condition and task-dependent capabilities, with references to compatible materials, consumables, attachments and instructions.", "in_scope": [ "Machine identity, intended sewing role and supported stitch-forming mechanisms", "Installed needle, thread path, hook or looper, presser foot and feed configuration", "Compatibility with the proposed material assembly and sewing operation", "Drive, controls, operating limits and protective arrangements", "Readiness, stitch-quality evidence, faults and maintenance needs" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Garment, textile product or pattern design", "Fabric and thread manufacture, composition and inventory beyond compatibility references", "Standalone needles, presser feet and other accessories as independently managed products", "Production-line scheduling, operator qualifications and workshop management", "Separate cutting, pressing and finishing equipment" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Has a mechanism that coordinates needle movement with thread handling to form repeated stitches in material; piercing alone does not establish that it is a sewing machine.", "Controls relative movement between material and stitch-forming components through a feed mechanism, moving frame or operator-guided arrangement; an ordinary handheld needle lacks this coordinated machine mechanism.", "Forms thread stitches rather than relying solely on adhesive, heat or ultrasonic bonding to join material.", "A cutting attachment does not make it merely a cutter: determine whether it also forms stitches, as in an overedge sewing configuration.", "An embroidery function does not by itself establish a separate kind of thing: record whether the machine supports embroidery only, general sewing or both, and leave registry placement explicit." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Machine identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Manufacturer, model, variant and serial identifier where available, linked to supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Determines which instructions, parts and operating limits apply to this individual machine." }, { "name": "Sewing role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "General sewing, overedge sewing, coverstitching, embroidery, specialised operation, combination or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a task assignment based only on the generic name sewing machine." }, { "name": "Stitch-forming system", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented stitch families and needle, bobbin, hook or looper arrangement; unknown where unverified", "why_it_matters": "Controls threading requirements and which stitch structures can actually be produced." }, { "name": "Installed needle configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Needle system, size designation, point type, count, orientation and spacing where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Needle compatibility and installation affect material damage, missed stitches and mechanical interference." }, { "name": "Installed thread configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Thread specification and routing for each active needle, bobbin or looper position", "why_it_matters": "Makes threading completeness and task compatibility assessable." }, { "name": "Material-feed arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented feed type, active feed components and any differential-feed or frame-motion configuration", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the material assembly is transported and where slipping or distortion may arise." }, { "name": "Stitch dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Selected and observed stitch length and width in mm where applicable; retain machine-specific setting scales separately", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a control setting from the stitch geometry actually obtained." }, { "name": "Operating speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Stitches/min, with source and distinction between documented maximum, configured limit and observed speed", "why_it_matters": "Supports operation within limits appropriate to the machine configuration and task." }, { "name": "Material clearance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Presser-foot clearance and relevant work-space dimensions in mm, with measurement conditions", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess physical access without treating clearance as proof that the machine can sew the material." }, { "name": "Drive and control configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Manual, treadle, electric or other documented drive; installed pedal, start control and automation options", "why_it_matters": "Establishes how motion begins, is regulated and is stopped." }, { "name": "Task readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, setup required, ready for specified task, restricted or out of service, with evidence and assessment time", "why_it_matters": "Avoids treating readiness as permanent or independent of the proposed material and operation." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the machine and retrieve instructions applicable to its exact variant.", "Assess whether a proposed material assembly and stitch requirement fit a supported configuration.", "Guide an authorised operator through documented threading, needle, foot and feed setup.", "Configure supported stitch settings and speed limits for a specified task.", "Request and evaluate a representative test seam before accepting task readiness.", "Stop use, isolate the drive or route the machine for documented maintenance when observed conditions require it." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iec-60335-2-28", "title": "IEC 60335-2-28, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-28: Particular requirements for sewing machines", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Household electrical-safety requirements that treat the sewing machine as a distinct appliance class." }, { "id": "iso-10821-1", "title": "ISO 10821-1, Industrial sewing machines - Safety requirements for sewing machines, units and systems - Part 1", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Industrial machine safety (guards, controls, unintended start, entanglement) issued by ISO." }, { "id": "iso-4915", "title": "ISO 4915, Textiles - Stitch types - Classification and terminology", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The stitch-type codes (301 lockstitch, 401 chainstitch, 504/514 overlock, 516 safety stitch, etc.) used to specify what a given machine actually produces." }, { "id": "wco-hs-8452", "title": "Harmonized System heading 8452, Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading 84.40", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Customs identity of the article and its split from book-sewing machinery; household type is 8452.10." }, { "id": "cooper-smithsonian", "title": "The Invention of the Sewing Machine, Grace Rogers Cooper, Smithsonian Institution Press", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Historical mechanism (eye-pointed needle, under-thread interlock) and the distinction from hand sewing and earlier failed machines." }, { "id": "wikipedia-sewing-machine", "title": "Sewing machine, Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine", "what_it_supports": "Common kinds, domestic vs industrial practice, and the serger/overlocker naming split.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sewing-identity-and-capability", "name": "Sewing identity and capability", "description": "Establishes which machine is present and which sewing operations its mechanisms support.", "rationale": "Similar-looking machines can require different consumables and produce different stitch structures.", "layers": [ { "id": "machine-identification", "name": "Machine identification", "description": "Connects observed identifiers and construction to applicable machine documentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "identified-machine-variant", "name": "Identified machine variant", "description": "Record the evidence for manufacturer, model and variant, including uncertainty caused by missing plates or modifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which markings, records or construction details identify this machine and its variant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-machine-variant-q01" }, { "text": "Which manual or parts reference matches the observed machine, and what supports that match?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-machine-variant-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stitch-and-operation-boundaries", "name": "Stitch and operation boundaries", "description": "Separates verified sewing capability from appearance, marketing labels and optional functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-stitch-formation", "name": "Supported stitch formation", "description": "Record supported stitch structures and the mechanisms or installed options required to produce them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stitch structures can this machine produce, and which needle, hook, bobbin or looper arrangements produce them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-stitch-formation-q01" }, { "text": "Which advertised operations require attachments or configurations absent from this machine?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-stitch-formation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "needle-and-thread-system", "name": "Needle and thread system", "description": "Describes the installed elements that carry and interlock thread through the material.", "rationale": "Task suitability and reliable stitch formation depend on compatible needles, correctly routed threads and their actual condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "needle-installation", "name": "Needle installation", "description": "Captures needle compatibility, placement and observable condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "needle-fit-and-condition", "name": "Needle fit and condition", "description": "Record each installed needle's specification, seating, orientation and condition against the applicable instructions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which needle system, size and point type are installed, and what establishes compatibility with this machine and material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "needle-fit-and-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does inspection show correct seating and orientation, or damage that requires replacement before sewing?", "kind": "action", "id": "needle-fit-and-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thread-routing-and-tension", "name": "Thread routing and tension", "description": "Captures active thread paths and the settings that influence stitch balance.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-thread-paths", "name": "Complete thread paths", "description": "Record thread assignment, routing and tension settings for the selected stitch configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which threads occupy the active needle, bobbin or looper positions, and were their paths checked against the matching threading instructions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "complete-thread-paths-q01" }, { "text": "What tension settings and test-seam observations establish whether the threads are balanced for this material assembly?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-thread-paths-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-handling-and-task-fit", "name": "Material handling and task fit", "description": "Assesses whether the machine can support, transport and stitch the proposed workpiece.", "rationale": "A material fitting beneath the presser foot does not establish that it can be fed or sewn acceptably.", "layers": [ { "id": "workpiece-access", "name": "Workpiece access", "description": "Relates workpiece geometry and material assembly to the machine's usable sewing area.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-assembly-fit", "name": "Material assembly fit", "description": "Record the proposed layer stack, seam transitions and access requirements alongside documented limits and trial evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material layers, thickness transitions and workpiece geometry must pass through or around the sewing area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-assembly-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which requirements are supported by documentation or representative trials, and which remain unverified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-assembly-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feed-and-presser-configuration", "name": "Feed and presser configuration", "description": "Describes how the installed feed and holding components control material movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-material-transport", "name": "Controlled material transport", "description": "Record the active feed mechanism, presser attachment and relevant settings in relation to observed material movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which feed components, presser foot or frame are installed, and which settings control material transport for this operation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "controlled-material-transport-q01" }, { "text": "Does a representative trial reveal layer shifting, stretching, marking or inconsistent advancement that requires a setup change?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-material-transport-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drive-controls-and-operation", "name": "Drive, controls and operation", "description": "Establishes how the machine is powered, commanded and stopped in its present configuration.", "rationale": "Needle motion, feed motion and any cutting functions must be understood before an agent can recommend operation or intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "motion-command-and-limits", "name": "Motion command and limits", "description": "Records drive compatibility, command behaviour and applicable speed constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-motion-controls", "name": "Verified motion controls", "description": "Record installed start, speed, stop and positioning controls, including any automatic restart or programmed-cycle behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What initiates and stops needle motion, and what automatic movement can occur in the selected operating mode?", "kind": "definition", "id": "verified-motion-controls-q01" }, { "text": "Which supply requirements and speed limits apply to the installed drive, machine configuration and proposed task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verified-motion-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-protection", "name": "Intervention and protection", "description": "Connects access to needles, cutters and moving mechanisms with documented protective and isolation measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention", "name": "Conditions for machine intervention", "description": "Record required protective arrangements and the machine-specific conditions for threading, clearing jams or changing parts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which guards or protective devices are required for this configuration, and what is their observed condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "What documented stopping and isolation procedure applies before threading, changing a needle or accessing a jammed mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stitch-evidence-and-serviceability", "name": "Stitch evidence and serviceability", "description": "Uses observed sewing results and maintenance evidence to determine readiness and permissible next steps.", "rationale": "A machine can run while producing unacceptable stitches or exhibiting faults that limit further use.", "layers": [ { "id": "representative-sewing-result", "name": "Representative sewing result", "description": "Evaluates output using a sample tied to the intended material, stitch and settings.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality", "name": "Task-specific stitch quality", "description": "Record sample conditions, acceptance criteria and observed defects without assuming an unverified cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sample, settings and acceptance criteria were used to assess stitch formation on both sides of the material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality-q01" }, { "text": "Were skipped stitches, thread breaks, puckering, irregular spacing or material damage observed, and do they prevent the intended operation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "faults-and-maintenance", "name": "Faults and maintenance", "description": "Tracks symptoms, completed care and the boundary between supported operator actions and servicing.", "findings": [ { "id": "serviceability-decision", "name": "Serviceability decision", "description": "Record unresolved symptoms and maintenance evidence sufficient to justify continued use, restriction or service referral.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cleaning, lubrication or servicing is required by the matching instructions, and what evidence records its completion?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "serviceability-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed symptoms permit a documented operator correction, and which require stopping use or specialist assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "serviceability-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mechanical domestic lockstitch machines", "Computerized domestic sewing machines (including sewing-embroidery combos)", "Industrial single-needle lockstitch machines (typically flat-bed, clutch or servo driven)", "Overlock machines (sergers)", "Coverstitch / coverhem machines", "Multi-needle embroidery machines", "Long-arm quilting machines", "Specialized industrial units (blindstitch, bartack, buttonhole, post-bed, cylinder-bed, walking-foot / compound-feed)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q173666", "note": "Item for the sewing machine as a class of artefact." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "8452", "note": "Sewing machines other than book-sewing machines of heading 8440; furniture, bases, covers, and sewing-machine needles." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "8452.10", "note": "Sewing machines of the household type." }, { "scheme": "ISO stitch-type code (ISO 4915)", "value_or_pattern": "301, 401, 504, 514, 516, 406, …", "note": "Not a product SKU; the stitch class the machine is built to form. 301 is two-thread lockstitch." }, { "scheme": "Domestic needle system", "value_or_pattern": "130/705 H (flat shank)", "note": "The usual household needle fitting; industrial machines use other systems (e.g. DBx1 / 16x231)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60335-2-28 (IEC) - household electrical safety for sewing machines, widely adopted as EN 60335-2-28.", "ISO 10821-1 (ISO) - safety requirements for industrial sewing machines, units and systems.", "IEC/EN 60204-31 (IEC / CENELEC) - electrical equipment of machines, particular requirements for sewing machines, units and systems.", "ISO 4915 and ISO 4916 (ISO) - stitch-type and seam-type classification used in apparel specs and machine selection.", "ASTM D6193 (ASTM International) - stitches and seams practice used in North American apparel and sewn-product specs.", "ISO 8239 (ISO) - sewing-needle fitting dimensions and combinations.", "EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC - industrial sewing machines placed on the EU market as machinery.", "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 (United States) - machine guarding; industrial sewing heads are treated as production machines, not household appliances.", "UL 1594 (UL) - sewing and cutting machines, used in North American product certification of some classes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Home garment construction, alteration, mending, and hobby quilting on a free-arm or flat-bed domestic lockstitch machine.", "Apparel factories: lockstitch seaming cells paired with overlock edge-finishing, bartack reinforcement, and buttonhole units.", "Footwear, leather goods, upholstery, and automotive interiors on walking-foot, post-bed, or cylinder-bed industrial machines.", "Sail, tent, awning, and technical-textile shops sewing heavy woven or coated cloth.", "Tailoring and dry-cleaning alteration counters using a domestic or light industrial lockstitch plus a blindstitch hemmer.", "Schools and vocational programmes teaching stitch formation, threading, and tension.", "Treadle or hand-crank machines still used where grid power is unreliable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Stitch length", "typical_range": "0-6 domestic; often 0-5 on industrial lockstitch", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Sewing speed", "typical_range": "about 700-1100 domestic; 4000-5500 industrial lockstitch; 6500-8500 overlock", "unit": "stitches/min" }, { "quantity": "Needle metric size (Nm)", "typical_range": "60-120 for common apparel; heavier leather/upholstery above that", "unit": "Nm (needle diameter in hundredths of a millimetre)" }, { "quantity": "Presser-foot lift", "typical_range": "about 6-13 domestic; 8-16 industrial", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Drive power", "typical_range": "about 40-90 domestic; 400-750 industrial servo", "unit": "W" }, { "quantity": "Throat / harp space (needle to body)", "typical_range": "about 140-230 domestic; 450-660 long-arm quilting", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Needle-bar stroke", "typical_range": "about 30-36 domestic; industrial systems vary by class", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Needle strike on the hook or looper when timing is out: broken needle, burred hook, skipped stitches.", "Bobbin-race thread nest (bird's nest) from wrong threading or a dropped bobbin case, stalling the machine.", "Skipped stitches from a bent needle, wrong needle system, or worn hook point.", "Finger puncture and needle-through-nail injuries; broken-needle fragments to the eye.", "Industrial entanglement at the needle bar, take-up, or unguarded belt; crushing under the presser foot.", "Unintended start from a sensitive or stuck treadle, especially on clutch motors.", "Feed-dog or presser marks, puckering, and seam grinning from wrong tension, presser pressure, or stitch length.", "Electrical shock or insulation failure on older wired household machines; factory noise and repetitive-strain injury on high-speed industrial lines." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "US and Canada say serger; UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand say overlocker for the same overedge machine.", "Domestic computerized multi-stitch machines dominate household sales in Japan, North America and Western Europe; industrial production still runs on lockstitch plus overlock cells.", "Treadle and hand-crank lockstitch machines remain ordinary working tools in parts of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.", "Volume manufacturing of current machines is concentrated in China and other East Asian OEM plants; historical brand geography (Singer, Pfaff, Necchi, Brother, Juki, Durkopp Adler) still shapes service parts and needle-system habits.", "Vintage 'straight-stitch only' vs zigzag is a collector and repair distinction more than a factory one; zigzag became the household default after mid-20th-century domestic models." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Overlock / serger", "difference": "Forms the stitch with loopers, usually trims the edge, and has no bobbin; a lockstitch sewing machine uses needle plus bobbin thread and does not inherently cut the seam allowance." }, { "name": "Coverstitch / coverhem machine", "difference": "Makes a double-needle topstitch with a looper chain on the reverse for hems and activewear; it is not a general-purpose lockstitch seamer." }, { "name": "Embroidery machine", "difference": "Moves a hooped work in X-Y (or the head over a fixed hoop) to fill a design; a sewing machine feeds fabric with feed dogs to make a seam." }, { "name": "Knitting machine", "difference": "Builds fabric from yarn loops; it does not pierce existing sheet material with a sewing needle to join pieces." }, { "name": "Book-sewing (bindery) machine", "difference": "Sews signatures through the fold for bookbinding (HS 8440), not apparel or soft-goods seams (HS 8452)." }, { "name": "Sewing awl", "difference": "The operator completes each stitch by hand; there is no under-bed hook, shuttle, or looper forming the interlock." }, { "name": "Needle loom (nonwoven)", "difference": "Barbed needles consolidate a fibre web; they do not form a thread stitch." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to include embroidery-only machines, handheld stitchers and specialised industrial sewing heads, or do existing neighbouring entries own any of them?", "Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns this concept and should be referenced instead of creating a second model?", "Which authoritative sources should define stitch-family terminology and its mapping to manufacturer-specific stitch names?", "How should material capability be expressed when documentation gives broad fabric categories but no validated limits for layer stacks, seam transitions or thread combinations?", "What evidence and machine-specific instructions are sufficient to distinguish operator adjustments from servicing that requires additional competence or equipment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a sewing machine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a sewing machine, assess its readiness for a specified sewing task, and determine which setup, operation or maintenance actions are supported.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: industrial sewing machine, overlock sewing machine, embroidery machine, longarm sewing machine, Singer Improved Family, Toyota E+R Classic LC21, Tipmatic 6120, Tesco EJ09, Veritas 8014/4140 E, Singer 2708, Lucznik 720 D, Hobby 350.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a sewing machine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "industrial sewing machine", "overlock sewing machine", "embroidery machine", "longarm sewing machine", "Singer Improved Family", "Toyota E+R Classic LC21", "Tipmatic 6120", "Tesco EJ09", "Veritas 8014/4140 E", "Singer 2708", "Lucznik 720 D", "Hobby 350" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one sewing machine from another, and a sewing machine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a sewing machine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a sewing machine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a sewing machine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a sewing machine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a sewing machine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a sewing machine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a sewing machine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a sewing machine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a sewing machine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a sewing machine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a sewing machine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a sewing machine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What sewing machine is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does sewing machine perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise sewing machine, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How sewing machine is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does sewing machine have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does sewing machine need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about sewing machine is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about sewing machine hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern sewing machine, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a sewing machine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a sewing machine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a sewing machine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a sewing machine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a sewing machine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a sewing machine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }