{ "model": { "rank": 5298, "code": "thing-q492038", "model_id": "vr.tr.human-brain", "name": "human brain", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a human brain as an organ, record its structure and condition, interpret evidence within its limits, and identify appropriately authorised observation or intervention.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q492038/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "isolated brain" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q492038", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:05:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08833-4e40-71c3-80d8-797775f10428\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: human brain\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08833-4e37-71e1-8958-ce04d4d9b185\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: human brain\nRegistry id: vr.tr.human-brain\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q492038", "registryId": "vr.tr.human-brain", "name": "human brain", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q492038/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.human-brain", "name": "human brain", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a human brain as an organ, record its structure and condition, interpret evidence within its limits, and identify appropriately authorised observation or intervention.", "definition": "The human brain is the organ of the central nervous system located within the skull, composed of interconnected neurons, glial cells and supporting tissues that integrate sensory information and regulate movement, bodily functions, cognition and behaviour.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the human brain as an individual biological organ or identified brain specimen, including its regions, tissue, physiological states, development and supported relationships to function; it does not model a human organism, a taxonomic species or a person's identity.", "in_scope": [ "Whole-brain identity, anatomical regions and boundaries with neighbouring structures", "Neuronal, glial and other tissue components and their organisation", "Cerebral circulation, metabolic support and neural activity", "Evidence connecting brain structures and networks to observed functions", "Development, ageing, plasticity and acquired structural or functional change", "Brain-specific measurements, specimen provenance and constraints on access or intervention" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Human taxonomy, population classification and whole-person biology", "Spinal cord and peripheral nerves beyond their interfaces with the brain", "The skull and other protective structures as independently modelled anatomical entities", "The mind, personal identity and subjective experience as independent concepts", "Neurological and psychiatric diseases as independent diagnostic and treatment models", "Brain organoids, computational neural networks and brain imaging equipment as separate things" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify whether the referent is the human intracranial central nervous system organ, one of its parts, or a representation of it; a region or scan is not a whole brain.", "Require evidence of human biological origin for a specimen; resemblance to brain tissue does not establish that an organoid or nonhuman specimen is a human brain.", "Distinguish brain from spinal cord by the anatomical boundary and convention used, explicitly documenting uncertain coverage near their junction.", "Separate organ identity from functional condition: altered activity, injury or preservation does not by itself change which organ is being described.", "Distinguish measurements of tissue or activity from claims about thoughts, abilities or identity; the latter require additional evidence and interpretation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Referent and material context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "whole organ | region | tissue sample; in situ | removed | preserved; unknown where unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents observations of a sample or preserved specimen from being treated as measurements of an intact functioning brain." }, { "name": "Organ-to-person or donor relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "restricted person or donor reference, laterality where applicable, specimen lineage and provenance confidence", "why_it_matters": "Links observations to the correct organ while supporting appropriate handling of identifying information." }, { "name": "Anatomical localisation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "named region, hemisphere, atlas and version, coordinate space, registration uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Makes regional observations comparable without assuming all brains match the same atlas exactly." }, { "name": "Brain and regional morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volume in mL, mass in g, thickness or dimensions in mm; method and material condition required", "why_it_matters": "Records structural variation while preserving distinctions between measurements made in vivo and after removal or preservation." }, { "name": "Tissue composition and integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed tissue classes, cellular features and integrity findings, each with location, method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes directly observed tissue properties from labels inferred through imaging." }, { "name": "Cerebral perfusion", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mL/100 g/min when quantitatively measured; region, method and acquisition conditions required", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of blood supply without treating all perfusion methods or regional values as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Neural activity observation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "modality-specific values, such as EEG amplitude in µV and frequency in Hz, with timing and recording conditions", "why_it_matters": "Keeps electrical recordings and indirect imaging signals tied to what the instrument actually measures." }, { "name": "Functional assessment context", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "task or examination, observed performance, reported experience where available, sleep or wake context, medication and other confounders", "why_it_matters": "Prevents interpretation of an activity pattern without the conditions under which it was recorded." }, { "name": "Developmental and longitudinal context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "age at observation, age convention, earlier observations and interval between observations", "why_it_matters": "Allows changes to be interpreted against the same individual's trajectory and an appropriate reference population." }, { "name": "Access and intervention constraints", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "permitted purpose, consent or other authority, permitted procedures, responsible reviewer and unresolved restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Separates an agent's ability to describe a possible action from authority to perform or recommend it." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate and describe a brain region using an explicitly identified anatomical reference.", "Associate imaging, electrophysiology, examination and tissue observations with the correct brain, region and time.", "Compare structural or functional observations across time while checking acquisition and processing differences.", "Identify missing evidence and confounders before interpreting a brain finding.", "Prepare brain-specific observation, specimen handling or intervention options for appropriately qualified review.", "Flag observations requiring clinical interpretation without independently converting them into a diagnosis or determination of death." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "organ-identity-and-anatomy", "name": "Organ identity and anatomy", "description": "Establishes which human brain or brain material is represented and where its observations belong.", "rationale": "Brain records commonly mix whole organs, regions, specimens and images, making anatomical identity essential.", "layers": [ { "id": "referent-and-boundaries", "name": "Referent and boundaries", "description": "Separates the brain organ from adjacent anatomy, extracted material and representations.", "findings": [ { "id": "brain-referent", "name": "Brain referent", "description": "Record whether the subject is an intact brain, a specified portion or a derived specimen, with explicit anatomical coverage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe a whole human brain, a named region or a tissue specimen derived from one?", "kind": "definition", "id": "brain-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Which convention defines coverage at the brain-spinal cord junction and the inclusion of associated coverings and vessels?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "brain-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-organisation", "name": "Regional organisation", "description": "Locates structures while preserving individual anatomy and reference-system differences.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-localisation", "name": "Regional localisation", "description": "Record the hemisphere, anatomical label and reference space supporting each regional observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which brain region and hemisphere does the observation concern, and which atlas or anatomical convention supplies the label?", "kind": "definition", "id": "regional-localisation-q01" }, { "text": "How was the region identified, and what uncertainty arises from segmentation, registration or altered anatomy?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regional-localisation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tissue-and-neural-connections", "name": "Tissue and neural connections", "description": "Describes brain tissue composition and the evidence for connections between regions.", "rationale": "Gross appearance alone does not describe cellular condition or establish neural connectivity.", "layers": [ { "id": "cellular-and-tissue-properties", "name": "Cellular and tissue properties", "description": "Captures observations of neurons, glia, myelin, vessels and tissue organisation at the resolution examined.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-tissue-composition", "name": "Observed tissue composition", "description": "Keep cell and tissue identifications linked to sampling location, preparation and detection method.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which neuronal, glial, vascular or myelin features were observed, and by what method were they identified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-tissue-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which brain region supplied the tissue, and how might sampling or preservation limit its interpretation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-tissue-composition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "connection-evidence", "name": "Connection evidence", "description": "Separates anatomical pathways from statistical relationships between activity signals.", "findings": [ { "id": "connection-type-and-support", "name": "Connection type and support", "description": "Record whether a proposed connection is anatomical, functionally associated or directionally inferred, including the method's limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the connection describe an anatomical pathway, correlated activity or an inferred directional influence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "connection-type-and-support-q01" }, { "text": "What observation supports the connection, and what can that method establish about endpoints and direction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "connection-type-and-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physiological-support-and-activity", "name": "Physiological support and activity", "description": "Records the brain's supply conditions and measured activity at a specified time.", "rationale": "A structural description cannot establish the physiological condition of a living brain.", "layers": [ { "id": "perfusion-and-metabolic-context", "name": "Perfusion and metabolic context", "description": "Connects regional blood supply and metabolic observations to relevant systemic conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "cerebral-support-observation", "name": "Cerebral support observation", "description": "Record evidence concerning cerebral perfusion, oxygenation or metabolism without conflating these quantities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which quantity was measured - blood flow, oxygenation or a metabolic indicator - and over which brain region and interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cerebral-support-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Which contemporaneous systemic measurements and support conditions are needed to interpret this cerebral observation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cerebral-support-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "activity-and-recording-context", "name": "Activity and recording context", "description": "Describes electrical or other activity-related signals together with acquisition conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-activity-record", "name": "Interpretable activity record", "description": "Preserve signal modality, spatial coverage, timing, artefacts and the subject's recording context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What signal was recorded, with what spatial coverage, temporal resolution and artefact controls?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-activity-record-q01" }, { "text": "Was the recording obtained during sleep, wakefulness, a task, sedation or another documented condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-activity-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-interpretation", "name": "Function and interpretation", "description": "Relates brain observations to assessed functions while preserving the limits of inference.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a measured brain signal from evidence about cognition, behaviour or awareness.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-evidence", "name": "Functional evidence", "description": "Links sensory, motor, cognitive and regulatory assessments to relevant brain observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-function-association", "name": "Supported function association", "description": "Describe the assessed function, supporting observations and whether the evidence establishes association or supports a causal interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which function was assessed, using which task, examination or physiological observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-function-association-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence links the result to this brain region or network, and does it support association or a causal interpretation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-function-association-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits-of-person-level-inference", "name": "Limits of person-level inference", "description": "Keeps brain findings distinct from claims about a person's experience, capacities or identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "inference-boundary", "name": "Inference boundary", "description": "Make explicit which conclusions require behavioural assessment, self-report, clinical evaluation or evidence beyond the brain observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proposed claims about awareness, memory, emotion or decision-making exceed what this observation directly establishes?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "inference-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What additional assessment or qualified review is required before the finding informs a decision about the person?", "kind": "action", "id": "inference-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-change", "name": "Development and change", "description": "Represents brain development, ageing and changes associated with experience, injury or intervention.", "rationale": "Brain structure and function require temporal context; a single observation cannot establish a trajectory.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-reference", "name": "Developmental reference", "description": "Positions observations within a documented age and developmental context.", "findings": [ { "id": "age-appropriate-comparison", "name": "Age-appropriate comparison", "description": "Identify age conventions and reference populations before characterising a brain observation as expected or unusual.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was the age at observation, and does the record use gestational, postmenstrual, chronological or corrected age?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "age-appropriate-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference population supports the comparison, and how well does it match the individual and measurement method?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "age-appropriate-comparison-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "longitudinal-change", "name": "Longitudinal change", "description": "Distinguishes measured change from acquisition differences and uncertain causal explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-brain-change", "name": "Supported brain change", "description": "Record changes across observations with comparability checks and evidence for any proposed cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changed between observations, over what interval, and were acquisition and analysis methods comparable?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-brain-change-q01" }, { "text": "What supports attributing the change to development, ageing, learning, injury or intervention rather than measurement variation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-brain-change-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-and-authorised-action", "name": "Assessment and authorised action", "description": "Makes brain observations traceable and connects proposed actions to their prerequisites.", "rationale": "Brain measurements, invasive procedures and donated tissue involve different evidential and authorisation requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-and-specimen-provenance", "name": "Observation and specimen provenance", "description": "Traces brain data and tissue through acquisition, handling and processing.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-brain-evidence", "name": "Traceable brain evidence", "description": "Retain acquisition details and transformations that affect interpretation of scans, recordings or tissue.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which acquisition, preparation and processing steps produced this brain observation, and are the underlying records available?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-brain-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "For removed tissue, what collection interval, fixation, storage and sampling details constrain comparison with living brain tissue?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-brain-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "action-prerequisites", "name": "Action prerequisites", "description": "Records the basis for proceeding with brain-specific observation, sampling, stimulation or other intervention.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-brain-action", "name": "Permitted brain action", "description": "Describe each proposed action's purpose, target, authority, required expertise and unresolved conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What brain region and outcome does the proposed action target, and what evidence supports considering it?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-brain-action-q01" }, { "text": "What consent or other authority, qualified oversight and procedure-specific checks must be established before proceeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-brain-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes an organ of Homo sapiens, not a species; the kinds listed are developmental stages rather than discrete anatomical taxa.", "Identifiers and named standards are recalled without source verification; applicable editions and jurisdictional requirements require checking.", "Measurements are approximate population-level descriptions, not diagnostic thresholds; neuron count depends on estimation methods and sampling." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Developing fetal brain", "Neonatal brain", "Child and adolescent brain", "Adult brain", "Ageing brain" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Foundational Model of Anatomy", "value_or_pattern": "FMA:50801", "note": "Identifies the brain as an anatomical structure." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "9606", "note": "Identifies Homo sapiens, the organism bearing the organ; it does not identify the brain itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Terminologia Anatomica, maintained by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, standardizes anatomical names.", "The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki provides ethical principles for medical research involving human participants, including relevant brain research.", "The International Council for Harmonisation E6 Good Clinical Practice guideline applies to clinical trials within its scope, including neurological interventions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Clinical assessment and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.", "Neurosurgical planning using anatomical and functional mapping.", "Research into perception, memory, language, emotion and motor control.", "Development of brain-computer interfaces and neural prostheses.", "Education and postmortem investigation using donated brain tissue." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult brain mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 1200-1500; varies with body size, age and individual anatomy", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Total neuron count", "typical_range": "Approximately 86 billion as a widely cited estimate, not an individual reference interval", "unit": "neurons" }, { "quantity": "Mean cerebral blood flow in a resting adult", "typical_range": "Approximately 40-60; differs substantially between grey and white matter", "unit": "mL/100 g/min" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Interrupted blood supply or oxygen delivery can cause irreversible tissue injury.", "Traumatic injury can damage brain tissue and blood vessels.", "Swelling or bleeding within the skull can raise intracranial pressure and cause herniation.", "Abnormal synchronized neuronal activity can produce seizures.", "Neurodegeneration, infection, inflammation and tumours can disrupt brain function." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Central nervous system", "difference": "Includes both the brain and spinal cord; the brain is its intracranial component." }, { "name": "Cerebrum", "difference": "Is a major subdivision of the brain; the whole brain also includes the cerebellum and brainstem." }, { "name": "Mind", "difference": "Refers to mental processes or capacities rather than the anatomical organ." }, { "name": "Human", "difference": "Is the whole organism; the brain is one of its organs." }, { "name": "Brain organoid", "difference": "Is a laboratory-grown cellular model of selected aspects of brain development or organization, not a complete human brain." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of human brain this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own the human brain concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it rather than receive a separate publication?", "Which anatomical authority should govern boundaries and regional terminology, including treatment of meninges, intracranial vessels and cranial nerve transition zones?", "Which primary sources and validated reference datasets should support age-dependent structural and physiological comparisons across the populations represented?", "How should the model represent conflicting evidence about functional localisation, network organisation and awareness without implying that a brain measurement determines a person's experience?", "Which clinical, research and postmortem workflows must this model support, and which jurisdiction-specific decisions and permissions should remain in linked governance models?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 13, "findings": 20, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a human brain, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a human brain as an organ, record its structure and condition, interpret evidence within its limits, and identify appropriately authorised observation or intervention.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: isolated brain.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a human brain, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "isolated brain" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one human brain from another, and a human brain from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a human brain sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a human brain from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a human brain is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a human brain and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a human brain is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a human brain is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a human brain is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a human brain moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a human brain passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a human brain between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a human brain, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a human brain is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What human brain is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of human brain, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate human brain from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish human brain from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What human brain does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does human brain pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of human brain judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where human brain lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of human brain, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does human brain hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a human brain came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a human brain and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a human brain is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a human brain, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a human brain, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a human brain is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }