{ "model": { "rank": 6260, "code": "thing-q493109", "model_id": "vr.tr.cryosphere", "name": "cryosphere", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cryosphere system, assess its frozen-water and frozen-ground state, and judge monitoring, access and intervention decisions within stated uncertainty.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q493109/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q493109", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q493109", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:29:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00810322, "turns": 1, "seconds": 76.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 72, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c0d-c757-7501-8e7e-fff8e657a79e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: cryosphere\nRegistry id: vr.tr.cryosphere\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.PLC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q493109", "registryId": "vr.tr.cryosphere", "name": "cryosphere", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q493109/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cryosphere", "name": "cryosphere", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cryosphere system, assess its frozen-water and frozen-ground state, and judge monitoring, access and intervention decisions within stated uncertainty.", "definition": "The cryosphere is the portion of Earth's climate system comprising all frozen water in solid form on and below the land surface, in the ocean, in lakes and rivers, and in the atmosphere, including snow, sea ice, lake and river ice, glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves, icebergs, permafrost and seasonally frozen ground.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, boundaries, composition, thermal state, seasonal behaviour and long-term change of naturally occurring frozen water and frozen ground within a declared spatial and temporal frame, including exchanges and dependencies that determine their condition.", "in_scope": [ "Snow cover, glaciers, ice sheets, sea ice, freshwater ice and ground ice as components of a declared cryosphere system", "Permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, distinguishing ground temperature from ice content", "Component extent, thickness, continuity, persistence and seasonal transitions", "Mass, energy and freshwater exchanges across cryosphere boundaries", "Freeze, thaw, melt, accumulation, deformation and ice movement", "Cryosphere-specific evidence, hazards and constraints on access or intervention" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Atmospheric circulation and weather forecasting beyond their role as cryosphere forcing", "Ocean and river dynamics beyond their exchanges with frozen components", "Whole-ecosystem condition, biodiversity and species management", "Infrastructure design and structural integrity on or near frozen terrain", "Land ownership, jurisdiction and permitting systems", "Artificial refrigeration, manufactured ice and engineered cold-storage systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish that inclusion follows naturally occurring frozen water or frozen-ground conditions; a cold climate or polar location alone does not establish cryosphere membership.", "Distinguish sea ice formed by freezing seawater from land-derived glacier ice floating in the sea; floating location alone cannot identify the component.", "Distinguish permafrost through ground thermal history rather than visible snow or an assumption that frozen ground necessarily contains substantial ice.", "Distinguish a glacier from seasonal snow cover through evidence of persistent land ice and its deformation or movement history.", "Distinguish a mapped cryosphere system from a geographic place by recording which components enter, leave or persist within the same place over time." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Component composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "snow cover; glacier; ice sheet; sea ice; lake ice; river ice; permafrost; seasonally frozen ground; ground ice; mixed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which boundaries, observations and state measures are meaningful; categories can overlap and require explicit accounting." }, { "name": "Spatial footprint", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "georeferenced geometry and area in km², with observation date and resolution", "why_it_matters": "Makes retreat, advance, fragmentation and seasonal coverage comparable." }, { "name": "Frozen-medium thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m, identifying snow, ice or frozen-ground thickness and the measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Separates surface coverage from the vertical quantity and structure of the frozen component." }, { "name": "Thermal profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C by depth in m and observation time", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition of frozen-ground conditions and assessment of warming or thaw susceptibility." }, { "name": "Seasonal persistence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "days per year of specified snow, ice or frozen-ground conditions; freeze and thaw dates", "why_it_matters": "Separates seasonal cycling from persistent change using an explicit observation window." }, { "name": "Frozen-water storage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, Gt or m water equivalent, with density assumptions and component boundary", "why_it_matters": "Supports water-storage assessment without treating equal snow and ice volumes as equal masses." }, { "name": "Ground ice content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volume fraction or %, with sampled depth and ice-distribution description", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish thermal classification from the amount of ice available to melt and contribute to ground change." }, { "name": "Component mass balance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/year, Gt/year or m water equivalent/year, with accounting boundary and period", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a specified component gains or loses stored frozen water." }, { "name": "Ice motion", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/day or m/year with direction, reference frame and observation interval", "why_it_matters": "Reveals transport and deformation that surface extent alone cannot show." }, { "name": "Current transition state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "accumulating; freezing; melting; thawing; refreezing; mixed; unresolved, by component", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions sensitive to present conditions without assigning one state to the entire system." }, { "name": "Physical connections", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "connected catchment, ocean basin, atmosphere, substrate and neighbouring frozen components", "why_it_matters": "Identifies pathways through which changes propagate beyond the observed component." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and delineate cryosphere components using declared classification criteria and time windows.", "Compare seasonal or long-term condition while accounting for observation timing, coverage and uncertainty.", "Estimate component storage and mass change within explicit accounting boundaries.", "Locate gaps where additional snow, ice or ground observations would change a decision.", "Assess whether cryosphere evidence supports a proposed route, field operation or intervention.", "Trace potential consequences of melt, thaw or ice movement to connected waters, terrain and exposed activities." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "nsidc-what-cryosphere", "title": "All About the Cryosphere / What is the Cryosphere?", "url": "https://nsidc.org/learn/what-cryosphere", "what_it_supports": "NSIDC specialist definition of the cryosphere as all frozen water on Earth; component list (snow, sea ice, glaciers, ice sheets, ice shelves, icebergs, lake and river ice, permafrost, seasonally frozen ground); climate-system role and hazards of thaw and ice loss.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ipcc-ar6-glossary-cryosphere", "title": "IPCC AR6 WGI Annex VII: Glossary - cryosphere", "url": "https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf", "what_it_supports": "IPCC definition of the cryosphere as the frozen water-ice component of the Earth system; distinction of components and their role in climate feedbacks and sea-level change.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wmo-gcw", "title": "Global Cryosphere Watch - WMO", "url": "https://globalcryospherewatch.org/", "what_it_supports": "WMO operational framing of cryosphere observing, GCW as the coordinating body, and the practical components monitored (snow, sea ice, glaciers, ice sheets, permafrost, frozen ground, lake/river ice).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-cryosphere", "title": "Cryosphere", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere", "what_it_supports": "Component taxonomy used in practice, Wikidata Q183972, climate and hydrology roles, regional extent (Antarctica, Greenland, high mountains, seasonal snow belt), and neighbour distinctions from hydrosphere and lithosphere.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "component-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Component identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what frozen components constitute the cryosphere system and how their membership changes across space and time.", "rationale": "Cryosphere components overlap spatially and differ in persistence; location alone cannot define membership or prevent double counting.", "layers": [ { "id": "component-recognition", "name": "Component recognition", "description": "Identifies components by their formation, material and thermal or persistence criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-classification", "name": "Component classification", "description": "Record the evidence needed to distinguish snow, land ice, floating ice and frozen ground.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cryosphere components occur here, and what diagnostic criteria establish each classification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "component-classification-q01" }, { "text": "What observations distinguish sea ice from floating land-derived ice, or permafrost from seasonally frozen ground?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "component-classification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spatiotemporal-membership", "name": "Spatiotemporal membership", "description": "Defines the system footprint, observation period and treatment of overlapping components.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-and-overlap", "name": "Membership and overlap", "description": "Record component boundaries and accounting rules for seasonal appearance, disappearance and spatial overlap.", "questions": [ { "text": "What geographic boundary and time window determine whether a component belongs to this system?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "membership-and-overlap-q01" }, { "text": "How are snow over sea ice, glaciers over frozen ground and ground ice within permafrost represented without counting the same quantity twice?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "membership-and-overlap-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "frozen-inventory-and-thermal-condition", "name": "Frozen inventory and thermal condition", "description": "Describes how much frozen material is present, its internal structure and its thermal condition.", "rationale": "Surface coverage cannot establish stored water, ground ice content or proximity to melting and thawing.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry-and-storage", "name": "Geometry and storage", "description": "Relates mapped coverage to thickness, density and frozen-water inventory.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-inventory", "name": "Component inventory", "description": "Record component-specific quantities and the assumptions used to estimate storage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the extent, thickness distribution and estimated frozen-water storage of each component at the stated date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "component-inventory-q01" }, { "text": "Which density estimates, snow-water conversions or ground ice measurements support those storage estimates?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "component-inventory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-and-internal-state", "name": "Thermal and internal state", "description": "Resolves temperature, liquid-water presence and frozen-ground layering where relevant.", "findings": [ { "id": "thermal-profile-and-thaw", "name": "Thermal profile and thaw", "description": "Record thermal evidence separately from visible coverage or inferred ice abundance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature profiles and evidence of liquid water constrain the current condition of snow, ice and ground?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thermal-profile-and-thaw-q01" }, { "text": "Where permafrost occurs, what are the seasonal thaw depth and the evidence for persistent unfrozen zones?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thermal-profile-and-thaw-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonal-cycle-and-physical-change", "name": "Seasonal cycle and physical change", "description": "Separates recurring freeze-thaw behaviour from changes in storage, geometry and ice movement.", "rationale": "A shorter snow season, thinning ice and faster glacier motion describe different changes and require different interpretations.", "layers": [ { "id": "seasonal-transitions", "name": "Seasonal transitions", "description": "Tracks onset, duration and interruption of component-specific frozen conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "freeze-thaw-calendar", "name": "Freeze-thaw calendar", "description": "Record seasonal transitions using thresholds appropriate to the observed component.", "questions": [ { "text": "When do snow cover, ice cover and ground freezing begin and end, and what thresholds define those dates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "freeze-thaw-calendar-q01" }, { "text": "How do observation gaps or temporary melt and refreezing events affect the estimated duration of frozen conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "freeze-thaw-calendar-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mass-and-motion-change", "name": "Mass and motion change", "description": "Tracks gains, losses, transport and deformation over a defined interval.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-accounting", "name": "Change accounting", "description": "Record how accumulation, ablation and movement contribute to observed component change.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured gains, losses and transfers account for the change in each component's mass over the selected period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "change-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes local melting or accumulation from ice transport, deformation or redistribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "change-accounting-q02" }, { "text": "Which reference period and seasonal alignment make the reported trend interpretable?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "change-accounting-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "forcing-and-connected-effects", "name": "Forcing and connected effects", "description": "Records the external influences and exchange pathways needed to interpret cryosphere condition and consequences.", "rationale": "Frozen components respond to atmospheric, oceanic and ground conditions while transferring water and energy to neighbouring systems.", "layers": [ { "id": "energy-and-material-inputs", "name": "Energy and material inputs", "description": "Identifies relevant forcing and distinguishes measured drivers from proposed explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "forcing-evidence", "name": "Forcing evidence", "description": "Record evidence for the processes influencing freezing, melt, thaw and accumulation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations constrain snowfall, rain, surface energy exchange, ocean heat or ground heat relevant to this component?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "forcing-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which explanations of observed change are supported by measurements or evaluated models, and which remain hypotheses?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "forcing-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "downstream-and-adjacent-connections", "name": "Downstream and adjacent connections", "description": "Locates receiving systems and the physical pathways connecting them to frozen components.", "findings": [ { "id": "exchange-pathways", "name": "Exchange pathways", "description": "Record water, ice and energy transfers without taking ownership of the receiving system's full model.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which catchments, water bodies, ocean areas or ground units receive meltwater, released ice or altered heat exchange?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "exchange-pathways-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence constrains the magnitude and timing of those transfers sufficiently for the proposed downstream decision?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exchange-pathways-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-operational-decisions", "name": "Evidence and operational decisions", "description": "Connects cryosphere observations to the limits of monitoring, access and intervention decisions.", "rationale": "Snow, ice and frozen-ground conditions vary across depth, distance and time; regional observations may not support a local operational decision.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-fitness", "name": "Observation fitness", "description": "Assesses whether remote sensing, field observations and derived estimates resolve the conditions relevant to a decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "coverage-and-uncertainty", "name": "Coverage and uncertainty", "description": "Record observation provenance, unresolved conditions and limits on extrapolation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which satellite, airborne, field or borehole observations support each state estimate, and what are their dates, resolution and uncertainties?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "coverage-and-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "Where do surface-only observations, snow cover or sparse sampling leave ice thickness or subsurface thaw unresolved?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "coverage-and-uncertainty-q02" }, { "text": "What additional observation would most reduce uncertainty for the intended decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "coverage-and-uncertainty-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-hazards-and-intervention", "name": "Access, hazards and intervention", "description": "Relates local physical conditions to proposed operations and monitoring requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-actions", "name": "Condition-dependent actions", "description": "Record cryosphere-specific prerequisites and stopping conditions for a stated activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which locally evidenced conditions - such as crevasses, unstable snow, changing ice cover, calving or thawing ice-rich ground - constrain the proposed activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-dependent-actions-q01" }, { "text": "What current observations, decision thresholds and responsible authority are required before access or intervention can proceed?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-dependent-actions-q02" }, { "text": "What changes in snow, ice, drainage or ground condition would require stopping the activity and reassessing it?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-dependent-actions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "snow cover (seasonal snowpack and perennial snow)", "sea ice (pack ice, fast ice, and related ice types in polar oceans)", "lake ice and river ice", "glaciers and ice caps", "ice sheets (Greenland and Antarctic) and ice shelves", "icebergs and ice islands", "permafrost (perennially frozen ground, including ice-rich permafrost)", "seasonally frozen ground" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q183972", "note": "Item 'cryosphere' (the frozen-water component of the Earth system)." }, { "scheme": "IPCC AR6 WGI glossary term", "value_or_pattern": "cryosphere", "note": "Defined term in Annex VII; not a numeric code." }, { "scheme": "GCMD Science Keywords (NASA)", "value_or_pattern": "Earth Science > Cryosphere > …", "note": "Hierarchical keyword tree used to tag datasets (Snow/Ice, Sea Ice, Frozen Ground, Glaciers/Ice Sheets, etc.)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WMO Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) - observing requirements, station practices, and cryosphere data exchange under WMO (World Meteorological Organization).", "WMO-No. 8 Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation, Volume II (cryosphere-related observing practices) - WMO.", "UNESCO-IHP / IACS glacier and snow measurement guidance (e.g. UNESCO Technical Papers in Hydrology; IACS mass-balance terminology) - UNESCO International Hydrological Programme and International Association of Cryospheric Sciences.", "GTN-G / WGMS glacier monitoring standards (World Glacier Monitoring Service; Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers) under GCOS/GTOS - WMO/UNESCO-linked observing networks.", "GCOS Essential Climate Variables for the cryosphere (snow cover, glaciers, ice sheets, permafrost, sea ice, lake ice, river ice, icebergs) - Global Climate Observing System (WMO/IOC/UNEP/ISC).", "UNFCCC / IPCC assessment framework - cryosphere change as a basis for climate-impact and sea-level assessments, not a product standard.", "Antarctic Treaty System and Protocol on Environmental Protection - governance of ice-sheet and ice-shelf environments in Antarctica (not a definition of the cryosphere, but the main legal regime over the largest ice mass).", "IMO Polar Code (International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters) - International Maritime Organization; regulates ship operations in sea-ice and iceberg waters." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Climate-system monitoring: snow cover, sea-ice extent, glacier mass balance and ice-sheet mass change are Essential Climate Variables used in IPCC assessments and national climate services.", "Hydrology and water supply: seasonal snowpack and glacier melt are managed as water reservoirs for irrigation, hydropower and municipal supply in mountain regions (e.g. Andes, Hindu Kush-Himalaya, western North America, Alps).", "Navigation and offshore operations: sea-ice charts, iceberg tracking and polar ice forecasts for shipping, fisheries and oil/gas under the Polar Code.", "Hazards and infrastructure: permafrost thaw assessment for roads, pipelines, buildings and coastal facilities in the Arctic and high mountains; avalanche, glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) and ice-jam flood forecasting.", "Earth observation: satellite missions (e.g. ICESat-2, CryoSat, Sentinel-1/3) retrieve ice-sheet elevation, sea-ice thickness/extent and snow water equivalent for operational and research products." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Sea-ice extent (Arctic, September minimum, recent decades)", "typical_range": "about 3.5-7 million (September minima since the satellite era; climatological September mean near 6-7)", "unit": "km² × 10⁶" }, { "quantity": "Snow-cover extent (Northern Hemisphere, seasonal)", "typical_range": "about 2-45 million (summer minimum to winter maximum)", "unit": "km² × 10⁶" }, { "quantity": "Ice-sheet surface elevation / thickness (Greenland, Antarctica)", "typical_range": "0-4800 (Antarctic ice-sheet interior maxima near 4 km; Greenland typically thinner)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Glacier mass-balance rate (specific, annual)", "typical_range": "about −4 to +2 (strongly negative in many mountain ranges in recent decades)", "unit": "m w.e. a⁻¹ (metres of water equivalent per year)" }, { "quantity": "Permafrost temperature (near the depth of zero annual amplitude)", "typical_range": "about −15 to 0 (warming toward 0 °C is the common observed trend in many boreholes)", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Active-layer thickness (seasonal thaw depth above permafrost)", "typical_range": "about 0.3-3 (site-dependent; thicker in discontinuous permafrost and wetlands)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Snow water equivalent (SWE) of seasonal snowpack", "typical_range": "about 10-2000 (prairie/thin pack to deep maritime/mountain snowpacks)", "unit": "mm (or kg m⁻²)" }, { "quantity": "Ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change (recent decades, Greenland + Antarctica combined order of magnitude)", "typical_range": "about 0.5-1.5 (rate has increased; IPCC AR6 places ice sheets among the growing contributors)", "unit": "mm a⁻¹" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ice-sheet and glacier mass loss contributing to global and regional sea-level rise and coastal inundation.", "Permafrost thaw: ground subsidence, damage to buildings, roads, pipelines and airstrips; release of previously frozen organic carbon as CO₂ and CH₄.", "Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and ice-dam failures downstream of retreating glaciers.", "Snow avalanches and rain-on-snow flooding from rapid snowmelt.", "River ice jams and breakup floods; unsafe ice for travel and winter roads as ice thins.", "Sea-ice loss increasing coastal erosion, wave exposure and navigational risk from remaining mobile ice and icebergs.", "Ice-shelf collapse reducing buttressing of grounded ice and accelerating outlet-glacier discharge.", "Albedo feedback: loss of snow and ice darkens the surface, amplifying regional warming." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English 'cryosphere' is a scientific term; operational communities more often name the components (snowpack, sea ice, permafrost) rather than the sphere as a whole.", "Arctic practice centres on sea ice, permafrost, seasonal snow and Greenland ice; Antarctic practice centres on the ice sheet, ice shelves, sea ice and icebergs, with almost no permafrost-as-infrastructure issue on the ice sheet itself.", "High-mountain Asia (Hindu Kush-Himalaya) treats glaciers and snow as water-resource and GLOF problems; Andes and Alps similarly emphasise glacier water and alpine hazards.", "Russian-language literature (криосфера, криолитозона) often foregrounds permafrost / cryolithozone as a geological-engineering domain, not only a climate-system sphere.", "Seasonal snow-cover hydrology dominates mid-latitude practice (North America, Europe, East Asia) where perennial ice is scarce." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "hydrosphere", "difference": "The hydrosphere is all water; the cryosphere is only the frozen (solid) fraction. Liquid ocean, groundwater and unfrozen rivers are hydrosphere but not cryosphere." }, { "name": "lithosphere / frozen ground as rock", "difference": "Permafrost is cryosphere because of ground ice and sub-0 °C ground, but the mineral soil/rock matrix is lithosphere. The test is whether the frozen-water component is what is being named." }, { "name": "cryolithozone (Russian engineering usage)", "difference": "Cryolithozone refers mainly to perennially frozen ground as a geotechnical zone; cryosphere is the global frozen-water climate-system component including snow, glaciers and sea ice." }, { "name": "cryosphere (planetary, other worlds)", "difference": "The same word is used for frozen volatiles on Mars, icy moons, etc. Earth's cryosphere is specifically terrestrial frozen H₂O in the climate system; planetary usage is not limited to water ice or to a climate-observing network." }, { "name": "ice age / glacial period", "difference": "An ice age is a climatic interval with large ice sheets; the cryosphere exists in all climates (including today's) as the contemporaneous frozen-water store." }, { "name": "albedo / snow-ice climate feedback (as a process)", "difference": "Albedo feedback is a process involving the cryosphere; the cryosphere is the material reservoir, not the feedback itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cryosphere this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend cryosphere to denote the global Earth-system domain, bounded regional systems, or both, and how should those levels relate?", "Which authoritative definitions and persistence criteria should govern component classification, especially permafrost, glaciers and persistent snowfields?", "Should atmospheric ice and subsea permafrost be included explicitly, and where should their boundaries with atmosphere and seabed models fall?", "Which neighbouring Vercy models already own individual glaciers, ice sheets, frozen-ground units or cryosphere hazards, requiring links rather than duplicate modelling?", "Which component-specific observation standards and decision procedures are sufficiently supported to guide uncertainty reporting and operational use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cryosphere, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cryosphere system, assess its frozen-water and frozen-ground state, and judge monitoring, access and intervention decisions within stated uncertainty.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cryosphere, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cryosphere from another, and a cryosphere from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cryosphere sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cryosphere from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a cryosphere is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a cryosphere is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a cryosphere is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a cryosphere is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a cryosphere is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a cryosphere is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cryosphere passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cryosphere between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cryosphere, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cryosphere is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a cryosphere and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a cryosphere is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a cryosphere performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a cryosphere.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a cryosphere at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where cryosphere is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes cryosphere, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is cryosphere known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What cryosphere sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain cryosphere, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use cryosphere, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cryosphere came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cryosphere and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cryosphere is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cryosphere, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cryosphere, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cryosphere is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }