{ "model": { "rank": 2423, "code": "thing-q49367", "model_id": "vr.tr.ice-age", "name": "ice age", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed ice age, assess the evidence and uncertainty defining it, and decide which classifications, comparisons and revisions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q49367/", "tier": 2, "score": 106, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 106, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q49367", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49367", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:14:37Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "missingProviders": [ "Grok" ], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": null, "turns": null, "seconds": 14.5, "error": "Error: Internal error: {\n \"message\": \"API error (status 402 Payment Required): Grok Build usage balance exhausted\",\n \"http_status\": 402\n}", "retried": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b24-aa22-7d72-8e69-0c74fad011ab\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ice age\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ice-age\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q49367", "registryId": "vr.tr.ice-age", "name": "ice age", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q49367/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ice-age", "name": "ice age", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed ice age, assess the evidence and uncertainty defining it, and decide which classifications, comparisons and revisions are justified.", "definition": "", "scope_statement": "This model owns the representation of an ice age as a geological climate interval characterised by persistent, extensive continental ice, including its identification, temporal boundaries, spatial expression, supporting evidence and relationship to shorter glacial fluctuations.", "in_scope": [ "The operational meaning of ice age used by a particular classification", "The interval's proposed onset, termination, duration and internal phases", "The distribution and persistence of continental ice and associated climate conditions", "Evidence, dating methods and uncertainty supporting identification and reconstruction", "Proposed causes, feedbacks and competing interpretations" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed geometry and flow mechanics of an individual glacier or ice sheet", "The complete geological history of a basin, formation or outcrop", "Individual proxy samples and laboratory procedures as independently managed research objects", "Short-lived cold weather, seasonal freezing and local snow cover", "Complete evolutionary, archaeological or human settlement histories", "Modern climate policy and interventions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An ice-age classification requires evidence of persistent continental glaciation at geological scale; a cold temperature estimate alone does not establish it.", "The model distinguishes the enclosing ice age from a glacial phase or glacial maximum within it, even when everyday language uses the same name for both.", "A local glacier advance does not establish an ice age without evidence connecting it to a broader, sustained glacial climate regime.", "An interglacial does not automatically terminate an enclosing ice age; termination must be evaluated against the explicitly adopted ice-persistence criterion.", "A proposed ice age must have a traceable geological interpretation and chronology, rather than being identified solely by a popular name or historical cold episode." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classification convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Explicit cited definition; broad icehouse interval, narrower glacial interval, or unresolved usage", "why_it_matters": "Prevents comparisons between intervals called ice ages under incompatible definitions." }, { "name": "Temporal bounds", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Onset and termination estimates in years, ka or Ma before a stated reference, with uncertainty; ongoing where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Supports chronological placement without treating estimated boundaries as exact dates." }, { "name": "Continental ice persistence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported continuous presence, supported intermittent presence, unresolved continuity, or unsupported; specify reconstruction resolution", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether the interval satisfies the adopted definition across its proposed duration." }, { "name": "Reconstructed ice extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Area in square kilometres or bounded geographic and palaeolatitudinal coverage, by time slice and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes local glaciation from geographically extensive conditions and captures advances and retreats." }, { "name": "Climate reconstruction", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in degrees Celsius or anomaly relative to a named baseline, with geographic coverage, method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Allows climate comparisons while separating regional proxies from global estimates." }, { "name": "Phase relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Contains glacial phase, contains interglacial phase, overlaps regional glaciation, or has disputed correlation", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the distinction between the broad interval and its uneven regional or shorter temporal expressions." }, { "name": "Evidential standing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, supported, disputed, or superseded under stated review criteria", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent may present the identification as supported or must retain competing interpretations." } ], "affordances": [ "Evaluate whether a candidate interval meets an explicitly selected ice-age definition.", "Compare proposed ice ages using compatible temporal scales, reconstructions and uncertainty.", "Attach geological evidence to the specific claims about ice presence, timing and extent that it supports.", "Relate glacial and interglacial phases to an enclosing interval without conflating their boundaries.", "Identify observations or dating work that could discriminate between competing reconstructions.", "Revise or qualify an identification when new evidence changes its boundaries, extent or interpretation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "ice-age-identification", "name": "Ice-age identification", "description": "Establishes which geological climate phenomenon the name denotes and what qualifies it as an ice age.", "rationale": "Ice age can denote intervals at different temporal scales, so recognition depends on an explicit classification convention.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-threshold", "name": "Classification threshold", "description": "Makes the required scale and persistence of continental glaciation explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualifying-glacial-regime", "name": "Qualifying glacial regime", "description": "Records the adopted criterion for distinguishing an ice age from isolated or temporary glaciation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What definition specifies the required persistence and geographic scale of continental ice?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualifying-glacial-regime-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations establish that this interval meets that definition rather than merely recording regional cooling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualifying-glacial-regime-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names-and-nesting", "name": "Names and nesting", "description": "Separates the enclosing interval from similarly named phases and regional episodes.", "findings": [ { "id": "referent-and-phase-relations", "name": "Referent and phase relations", "description": "Records what each attested name refers to and how narrower glacial intervals relate to it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each source use ice age for the enclosing climate regime, an individual glacial phase or another interval?", "kind": "definition", "id": "referent-and-phase-relations-q01" }, { "text": "Which named glaciations and interglacials fall within the proposed interval, and which relationships remain disputed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referent-and-phase-relations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "glacial-chronology", "name": "Glacial chronology", "description": "Represents the dating and temporal structure of the proposed ice age.", "rationale": "Ice-age onset and termination are reconstructed from records that may differ in resolution and regional timing.", "layers": [ { "id": "onset-and-termination", "name": "Onset and termination", "description": "Defines the events or criteria used to place the interval's outer boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "boundary-age-estimates", "name": "Boundary age estimates", "description": "Records proposed boundary ages with their dating basis, uncertainty and geographic applicability.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated evidence constrains onset and termination, and what uncertainty accompanies each estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "boundary-age-estimates-q01" }, { "text": "Do the proposed boundaries mark a global regime change, a regional event or a convention selected for correlation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "boundary-age-estimates-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "internal-temporal-structure", "name": "Internal temporal structure", "description": "Represents advances, retreats and possible interruptions without assuming a uniform frozen interval.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-sequence-and-continuity", "name": "Phase sequence and continuity", "description": "Records the sequence of reconstructed phases and the evidence for ice persistence between them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which glacial advances, retreats and warmer phases can be resolved, and at what temporal resolution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-sequence-and-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "Where do gaps in the record prevent a conclusion about continuous continental ice presence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "phase-sequence-and-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ice-and-climate-expression", "name": "Ice and climate expression", "description": "Reconstructs where continental ice existed and how climate conditions varied during the interval.", "rationale": "The label alone cannot establish ice coverage, severity or whether regional records describe comparable conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "continental-ice-distribution", "name": "Continental ice distribution", "description": "Locates reconstructed ice bodies in the geography appropriate to each time slice.", "findings": [ { "id": "extent-and-palaeogeography", "name": "Extent and palaeogeography", "description": "Records minimum supported ice coverage, inferred limits and the palaeogeographic reconstruction used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is continental glaciation directly evidenced, and where is its extent inferred?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "extent-and-palaeogeography-q01" }, { "text": "Which palaeogeographic reconstruction places those observations, and how uncertain are their palaeolatitudes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "extent-and-palaeogeography-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "climate-and-ocean-context", "name": "Climate and ocean context", "description": "Places ice reconstructions alongside temperature and sea-level evidence at compatible scales.", "findings": [ { "id": "reconstructed-climate-conditions", "name": "Reconstructed climate conditions", "description": "Records what temperature and sea-level reconstructions contribute without treating either as an unambiguous measure of ice volume.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature and sea-level estimates exist for matching time slices, with what baselines and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reconstructed-climate-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "How are local effects and non-glacial influences separated from signals attributed to continental ice?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reconstructed-climate-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "geological-evidence-and-correlation", "name": "Geological evidence and correlation", "description": "Connects ice-age interpretations to inspected records and evaluates agreement between them.", "rationale": "A plausible glacial interpretation needs evidence of glaciation, defensible dating and justified correlation across sites.", "layers": [ { "id": "glacial-evidence-diagnostics", "name": "Glacial evidence diagnostics", "description": "Assesses whether observations support glacial processes and what alternative explanations remain.", "findings": [ { "id": "observations-and-alternative-origins", "name": "Observations and alternative origins", "description": "Separates observed deposits, landforms or proxy signals from their interpretation as evidence of continental glaciation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspected sources document the observations used to infer glaciation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observations-and-alternative-origins-q01" }, { "text": "What alternative depositional processes, reworking or proxy ambiguities must be excluded or retained?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observations-and-alternative-origins-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cross-record-correlation", "name": "Cross-record correlation", "description": "Evaluates whether geographically separated records support the same interval and phases.", "findings": [ { "id": "synchrony-and-record-independence", "name": "Synchrony and record independence", "description": "Records correlation methods and distinguishes independent agreement from shared chronological assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dating or stratigraphic evidence supports correlating these records within their age uncertainties?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "synchrony-and-record-independence-q01" }, { "text": "Which apparent agreements depend on shared age models or an assumption that the glacial events were synchronous?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "synchrony-and-record-independence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "explanation-and-reassessment", "name": "Explanation and reassessment", "description": "Tracks hypotheses for the glacial regime and the evidence needed to update its interpretation.", "rationale": "Recognising an ice age does not establish its cause, and agents need explicit grounds for retaining or revising claims.", "layers": [ { "id": "drivers-and-feedbacks", "name": "Drivers and feedbacks", "description": "Separates proposed initiating conditions, sustaining feedbacks and controls on shorter fluctuations.", "findings": [ { "id": "causal-hypothesis-support", "name": "Causal hypothesis support", "description": "Records competing explanations and the observations or modelling assumptions on which they depend.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hypotheses address onset, persistence, internal fluctuations and termination respectively?", "kind": "definition", "id": "causal-hypothesis-support-q01" }, { "text": "What inspected evidence supports each hypothesis, and which links depend primarily on model assumptions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "causal-hypothesis-support-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-revision", "name": "Classification revision", "description": "Defines justified responses to new evidence or unresolved disagreement.", "findings": [ { "id": "revision-and-research-triggers", "name": "Revision and research triggers", "description": "Records what would justify changing the interval's classification, boundaries or reconstruction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What new observation would justify revising the proposed onset, termination, ice extent or ice-age classification?", "kind": "action", "id": "revision-and-research-triggers-q01" }, { "text": "Which targeted dating, field observation or proxy comparison would best distinguish the remaining interpretations?", "kind": "action", "id": "revision-and-research-triggers-q02" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which scientific definition should govern the registry entry, and how should narrower everyday uses of ice age be represented?", "What evidence of duration, geographic extent and ice persistence is sufficient for classification across geological periods with very different record quality?", "How should globally framed boundaries be assigned when regional glaciations begin or end at different times?", "When does an apparent interruption justify separate ice ages rather than phases within one enclosing interval?", "Which reviewed sources and correlation frameworks should anchor the first populated model, especially where proposed ancient glaciations remain disputed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 10, "questions": 20 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ice age, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed ice age, assess the evidence and uncertainty defining it, and decide which classifications, comparisons and revisions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 106 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ice age, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 106 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ice age from another, and a ice age from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ice age sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ice age from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ice age passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ice age between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ice age, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ice age is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a ice age says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a ice age contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a ice age and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What ice age studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does ice age take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does ice age establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where ice age is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark ice age as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place ice age, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ice age came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ice age and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ice age is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ice age, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ice age, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ice age is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }