{ "model": { "rank": 12079, "code": "thing-q494721", "model_id": "vr.tr.city-of-japan", "name": "city of Japan", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the city as a category of Japanese municipality, distinguish grades such as core and designated cities, relay criteria and counts from official sources, and distinguish Japanese cities from towns, villages and the special wards of Tokyo.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q494721/", "tier": 2, "score": 40, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Business core city (Japan)", "core city of Japan", "special city of Japan", "city with public health center" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 40, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q494721", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494721", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T23:55:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q494721", "registryId": "vr.tr.city-of-japan", "name": "city of Japan", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q494721/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.city-of-japan", "name": "city of Japan", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the city as a category of Japanese municipality, distinguish grades such as core and designated cities, relay criteria and counts from official sources, and distinguish Japanese cities from towns, villages and the special wards of Tokyo.", "definition": "A municipality in Japan designated as a city, or shi, under the Local Autonomy Law, generally requiring a population of at least 50000 and urban character, and graded by powers into ordinary cities, cities with public health centres, core cities, formerly special cities, and designated cities with the widest powers; cities are second-level divisions under prefectures alongside towns and villages, and there are about 790 cities.", "what_it_is_for": "Local self-government in Japan.", "affordances": [ "explain the category and grades", "relay criteria and powers", "relay counts from official sources", "distinguish from towns, villages and special wards" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Population and urban criteria", "Graded powers", "Mergers reduced counts", "Second-level division" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; a municipality shown on maps and in registers.", "visual_identification": [ "Japanese municipality designated shi", "Ordinary, health centre, core and designated grades", "Towns and villages are other municipalities; Tokyo special wards are not cities" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "cities", "typical_range": "about 790", "unit": "count", "note": "recent years" }, { "quantity": "designated cities", "typical_range": "20", "unit": "count", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "core cities", "typical_range": "about 60", "unit": "count", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "ordinary cities", "cities with public health centres", "core cities", "former special cities, abolished as a category in 2015", "designated cities", "business core cities under regional planning law" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "city, town or village of Japan", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "second-level administrative division", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is defined by", "target": "Local Autonomy Law", "why": "of Japan" }, { "relation": "is part of", "target": "prefecture of Japan", "why": "the first level" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "municipality code", "value_or_pattern": "6 digits", "note": "official code" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Local Autonomy Law", "Designation ordinances for core and designated cities", "Municipal merger laws" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing grades of city", "Stale counts after mergers", "Treating Tokyo special wards as cities" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "What a Japanese city is.", "rationale": "Identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a city in Japan, and what criteria must a municipality meet?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the municipality a city, a town, a village or a special ward?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grades", "name": "Grades", "description": "Grades and powers.", "findings": [ { "id": "grades-finding", "name": "Grades", "description": "Grades.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do ordinary, health centre, core and designated cities differ in powers?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific grade?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal basis and governance.", "rationale": "Law.", "layers": [ { "id": "basis", "name": "Basis", "description": "Legal basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "basis-finding", "name": "Basis", "description": "Basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which laws define cities and their designation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Japanese local government?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance", "name": "Governance", "description": "Governance.", "findings": [ { "id": "governance-finding", "name": "Governance", "description": "Governance.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are cities governed, with mayors and assemblies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Counts and data.", "rationale": "Data.", "layers": [ { "id": "counts", "name": "Counts", "description": "Counts.", "findings": [ { "id": "counts-finding", "name": "Counts", "description": "Counts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many cities exist in each grade, from official sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is the information current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "codes", "name": "Codes", "description": "Codes.", "findings": [ { "id": "codes-finding", "name": "Codes", "description": "Codes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What codes identify municipalities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and mergers.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the city category develop since 1889?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of Japanese administration?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mergers", "name": "Mergers", "description": "Municipal mergers.", "findings": [ { "id": "mergers-finding", "name": "Mergers", "description": "Mergers.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the Heisei mergers change the number and size of cities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits municipal merger in Japan?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each grade be a separate entry?", "How should official registers be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming grades; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a city of Japan, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the city as a category of Japanese municipality, distinguish grades such as core and designated cities, relay criteria and counts from official sources, and distinguish Japanese cities from towns, villages and the special wards of Tokyo.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Business core city (Japan), core city of Japan, special city of Japan, city with public health center.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a city of Japan, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Business core city (Japan)", "core city of Japan", "special city of Japan", "city with public health center" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 40 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one city of Japan from another, and a city of Japan from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a city of Japan sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a city of Japan from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a city of Japan is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a city of Japan is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a city of Japan is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a city of Japan is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a city of Japan is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a city of Japan is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a city of Japan passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a city of Japan between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a city of Japan, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a city of Japan is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a city of Japan and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a city of Japan is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a city of Japan performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a city of Japan.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a city of Japan at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where city of Japan is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes city of Japan, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is city of Japan known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What city of Japan sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain city of Japan, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use city of Japan, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a city of Japan came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a city of Japan and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a city of Japan is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a city of Japan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a city of Japan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a city of Japan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }