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Research draft

wind turbine

vr.tr.wind-turbine · PHY.OBJ

Let an agent explain wind turbines and how they work, relay types, components, performance and siting from energy engineering sources, describe environmental and economic aspects with attribution, and distinguish wind turbines from windmills, wind pumps and other renewable generators.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain wind turbines and how they work, relay types, components, performance and siting from energy engineering sources, describe environmental and economic aspects with attribution, and distinguish wind turbines from windmills, wind pumps and other renewable generators.

A device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy, typically a horizontal-axis machine with three blades on a tall tower driving a generator through a nacelle, but also vertical-axis, single- and two-bladed, small and airborne designs, deployed singly or in onshore and offshore wind farms at capacities from kilowatts to over 15 megawatts; some turbines include observation decks, and wind power is a major source of renewable electricity.

What it is for: Generating electricity from wind.

It can be explain how they work; relay types and components; describe siting and impacts; distinguish from windmills.

Distinguishing features

Rotor and generator

Horizontal or vertical axis

Onshore and offshore

Variable output

What it looks like

A tall tower with a nacelle and usually three long blades.

Physical character

largest turbines: over 15 MW - offshore

rotor diameters: up to about 260 m

Betz limit: about 59 percent - maximum power extraction

global wind capacity: over 1000 GW - mid-2020s estimates

How it is recognised

Wind-driven electrical generator

Horizontal-axis, vertical-axis, single-bladed, small, airborne and offshore turbines; turbines with observation decks

Windmills grind or pump; wind pumps lift water; solar panels use light

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

electrical generator

is a kind of - in registry terms

built structure

is grouped in - installations

wind farm

is contrasted with - which grinds or pumps

windmill

In practice

Families and kinds

horizontal-axis wind turbines

vertical-axis wind turbines

single- and two-bladed turbines

small wind turbines

offshore fixed and floating turbines

airborne wind turbines

historical models such as the WWD-3

Standards and regulation

IEC 61400 wind turbine standards

Planning, noise and wildlife rules for siting

Grid connection codes

Aviation lighting requirements

Failure modes and hazards

Blade and gearbox failures

Bird and bat collisions

Noise and visual impact disputes

Confusing turbines with windmills

Also called

wind turbine with observation deckWWD-3single-bladed wind turbineairborne wind turbinehorizontal axis wind turbinesmall wind turbinemaglev wind turbineWells turbinewind turbines in Flevolandwind turbines in FlandersEcotècnia Eco80Ropatec Big Star Verticaloffshore wind turbinevertical axis wind turbineunconventional wind turbinewind lensSiemens SWT-3.6-130GE Renewable Energy 2.5-116GE Renewable Energy 2.3-116Acciona AW-82/1500Nordex N131/3600GE Energy 2.85-103GE Energy 3.2-103Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-154Siemens SWT-3.6-107GE 5.3-158 CypressGeneral Electric 3.6-137Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 DDV110-2.0 MWVestas V82-1.65 MWSiemens SWT-3.6-120Siemens SWT-2.3-82 VSAlstom ECO 100Alstom ECO 74Siemens Gamesa SG 14-222 DDSiemens SWT-3.2-101Vestas V112-3.45 MWGamesa G114-2.5 MWGamesa G90-2.0 MWSiemens SWT-3.0-101

+84

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What a wind turbine is.

Science.

Definition

Definition and working.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is a wind turbine, and how do the rotor, nacelle, generator and control systems produce electricity? definition
  2. Is the question about wind turbines, windmills or another generator? boundary

Types

Types.

Types

Types.

  1. How do horizontal-axis, vertical-axis, single-bladed, small, offshore and airborne turbines differ? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific type? action
Engineer Design and performance.

Science.

Performance

Performance.

Performance

Performance.

  1. How do capacity factor, the Betz limit and power curves describe turbine performance? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Siting

Siting and operation.

Siting

Siting.

  1. How are turbines sited, installed and maintained onshore and offshore? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance
Impact Impacts and economics.

Attribution.

Environment

Environment.

Environment

Environment.

  1. What are the environmental impacts and benefits of wind turbines, with findings attributed? provenance
  2. Is the presentation neutral? boundary

Economics

Economics.

Economics

Economics.

  1. How have costs fallen, and how does wind compete with other sources, with analyses attributed? provenance
  2. Which entry fits levelised cost of electricity? action
Context History and future.

Context.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How did wind turbines develop from early experiments to modern multi-megawatt machines? provenance
  2. Which entry fits the history of wind power? action

Future

Future.

Future

Future.

  1. What are floating offshore, airborne and recycling developments in wind technology? provenance
  2. Which entry fits floating wind turbine? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should offshore wind and small wind turbine be separate primary entries?
  • How should engineering standards be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming types and a specific model; should they be split off?