{ "model": { "rank": 8172, "code": "thing-q49958", "model_id": "vr.tr.opinion-poll", "name": "opinion poll", "purpose": "Let an agent explain opinion polls, relay methodology, uncertainty, regulation and limitations from survey research and professional standards sources, describe the named poll types and flag instances, report specific poll results only with attribution and dates, and distinguish opinion polls from referendums, push polls, exit polls and self-selected online votes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q49958/", "tier": 2, "score": 52, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "push poll", "opinion polling for the 2022 Israeli legislative election", "deliberative opinion poll", "online opinion poll", "opinion polling on a United Ireland", "opinion polling for the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election", "opinion polling for the 2001 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1997 United Kingdom general election", "Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2012", "opinion polling for the 2016 Taiwan presidential election", "United States presidential approval rating", "Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2017", "Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2010", "Gallup poll", "opinion polling for the 1992 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1987 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1945 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1950 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1951 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1955 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1959 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 2018 Taiwanese mayoral and magistrate elections", "opinion polling for the 1983 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries", "opinion polling for the 2020 Taiwan general election", "statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election", "nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election", "nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election", "open access poll", "opinion polling for the 2012 Taiwan presidential election", "opinion polling for the 2005 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 2010 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 2015 United Kingdom general election", "statewide opinion polling for the 2004 United States presidential election", "statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election", "statewide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016", "statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election", "national poll", "opinion polling for the 2021 Israeli legislative election", "opinion polling for the 1979 United Kingdom general election" ], "aliasCount": 41, "merged": 41, "knownIn": 52, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q49958", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49958", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T21:42:11Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q49958", "registryId": "vr.tr.opinion-poll", "name": "opinion poll", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q49958/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.opinion-poll", "name": "opinion poll", "purpose": "Let an agent explain opinion polls, relay methodology, uncertainty, regulation and limitations from survey research and professional standards sources, describe the named poll types and flag instances, report specific poll results only with attribution and dates, and distinguish opinion polls from referendums, push polls, exit polls and self-selected online votes.", "definition": "A survey of public opinion on a topic or voting intention, conducted by sampling a population through telephone, face-to-face or online methods and weighting results, with reported margins of error, pioneered in modern form by George Gallup, whose 1936 US election forecast outperformed the Literary Digest straw poll, and including deliberative opinion polls developed by James Fishkin and online polls, while push polls are a campaign tactic disguised as polls; the registry aliases also name polling for specific contests such as the 2022 Israeli legislative election, the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election and opinion polling on a United Ireland, which are instances. Poll results are estimates, not predictions, and are attributed.", "what_it_is_for": "Measuring public opinion.", "affordances": [ "explain methodology and uncertainty", "relay standards and regulation", "describe named poll types", "report results with attribution" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Sampling", "Weighting", "Margin of error", "Snapshot not forecast" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; published as tables, charts and trackers.", "visual_identification": [ "Survey of public opinion", "Push poll, 2022 Israeli election polling, deliberative opinion poll, online opinion poll, United Ireland polling, 2024 Taiwan election polling", "Referendums are binding votes; push polls are persuasion tactics; exit polls survey voters leaving polls; self-selected online votes are unscientific" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Gallup 1936 forecast", "typical_range": "1936", "unit": "year", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "deliberative polling", "typical_range": "1988", "unit": "year", "note": "James Fishkin" }, { "quantity": "typical national sample", "typical_range": "about 1000", "unit": "respondents", "note": "margin of error about plus or minus 3 points" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "voting intention polls", "issue polls", "tracking polls", "deliberative polls", "online panel polls", "push polls as a misuse" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "survey study", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "deliberative opinion poll", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "push poll", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "referendum", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "AAPOR Code of Professional Ethics", "British Polling Council disclosure rules", "Pre-election poll publication blackouts in some countries" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting polls as certain predictions", "Citing results without dates, sample and source", "Amplifying push polls or unscientific polls" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What an opinion poll is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is an opinion poll, and how does it differ from referendums, push polls, exit polls and self-selected online votes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about methodology, a specific result or a suspicious poll call?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Named types and instances.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are push, deliberative and online polls, and what were polls for the named Israeli, Taiwanese and United Ireland questions, with results attributed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific poll?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method", "description": "Methodology.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "sampling", "name": "Sampling", "description": "Sampling and weighting.", "findings": [ { "id": "sampling-finding", "name": "Sampling", "description": "Sampling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do pollsters sample and weight respondents?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "error", "name": "Error", "description": "Uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "error-finding", "name": "Error", "description": "Error.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does a margin of error mean, and what other errors affect polls?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules", "name": "Rules", "description": "Standards and regulation.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "disclosure", "name": "Disclosure", "description": "Disclosure standards.", "findings": [ { "id": "disclosure-finding", "name": "Disclosure", "description": "Disclosure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What must pollsters disclose under AAPOR and BPC rules?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits American Association for Public Opinion Research?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "blackouts", "name": "Blackouts", "description": "Publication blackouts.", "findings": [ { "id": "blackouts-finding", "name": "Blackouts", "description": "Blackouts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which countries restrict publishing polls before elections?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits election silence?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and misses.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did Gallup s 1936 success and the 1948 miss shape polling?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Literary Digest?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "misses", "name": "Misses", "description": "Polling misses.", "findings": [ { "id": "misses-finding", "name": "Misses", "description": "Misses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What explanations have been offered for recent polling errors, with analyses attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry aliases for specific elections should be split off as instances", "How should professional polling standards be linked?", "How should poll aggregators be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a opinion poll, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain opinion polls, relay methodology, uncertainty, regulation and limitations from survey research and professional standards sources, describe the named poll types and flag instances, report specific poll results only with attribution and dates, and distinguish opinion polls from referendums, push polls, exit polls and self-selected online votes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: push poll, opinion polling for the 2022 Israeli legislative election, deliberative opinion poll, online opinion poll, opinion polling on a United Ireland, opinion polling for the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election, opinion polling for the 2001 United Kingdom general election, opinion polling for the 1997 United Kingdom general election, Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2012, opinion polling for the 2016 Taiwan presidential election, United States presidential approval rating, Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2017.", "41 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a opinion poll, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "push poll", "opinion polling for the 2022 Israeli legislative election", "deliberative opinion poll", "online opinion poll", "opinion polling on a United Ireland", "opinion polling for the 2024 Taiwanese presidential election", "opinion polling for the 2001 United Kingdom general election", "opinion polling for the 1997 United Kingdom general election", "Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2012", "opinion polling for the 2016 Taiwan presidential election", "United States presidential approval rating", "Opinion polling for the Dutch general election, 2017" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 41 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one opinion poll from another, and a opinion poll from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a opinion poll sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a opinion poll from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a opinion poll passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a opinion poll between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a opinion poll, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a opinion poll is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a opinion poll proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a opinion poll, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a opinion poll and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a opinion poll consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a opinion poll takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What opinion poll is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of opinion poll are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is opinion poll operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of opinion poll and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of opinion poll?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as opinion poll?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a opinion poll came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a opinion poll and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a opinion poll is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a opinion poll, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a opinion poll, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a opinion poll is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }