{ "model": { "rank": 4279, "code": "thing-q5282", "model_id": "vr.tr.sulfur-dioxide", "name": "sulfur dioxide", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify sulfur dioxide, assess its composition and condition, and determine whether a proposed use, transfer, exposure or release is acceptable under documented requirements.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q5282/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q5282", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:52:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b9-5456-7161-82d3-509aa448a74b\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sulfur dioxide\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 58.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087b9-544b-74e1-aa8a-90f226e92b7b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sulfur dioxide\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sulfur-dioxide\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q5282", "registryId": "vr.tr.sulfur-dioxide", "name": "sulfur dioxide", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5282/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sulfur-dioxide", "name": "sulfur dioxide", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify sulfur dioxide, assess its composition and condition, and determine whether a proposed use, transfer, exposure or release is acceptable under documented requirements.", "definition": "Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a molecular compound of sulfur and oxygen, with sulfur in oxidation state +4, that is a colorless, pungent, nonflammable gas at ordinary room temperature and atmospheric pressure.", "scope_statement": "This model owns sulfur dioxide as the chemical substance SO2, including the identity, purity, phase, reactivity and hazard information needed to assess a particular quantity; it distinguishes the substance from products containing it, aqueous reaction products and processes that generate it.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity and identifiers for sulfur dioxide", "Purity, grade, moisture and relevant impurities", "Gas and liquid states under recorded temperature and pressure", "Dissolution, aqueous speciation and chemical transformation boundaries", "Substance hazards, exposure measurements and applicable classification records", "Suitability for documented uses, containment and release controls" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete formulations of foods, wines and other products containing sulfur dioxide", "Sulfite and bisulfite salts as independently registered substances", "Sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid and downstream sulfate aerosol as separate substances", "Design and operation of combustion plants, scrubbers and manufacturing processes", "Design, certification and maintenance of cylinders, valves and monitoring instruments", "Clinical diagnosis and treatment of exposure-related illness" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The identified molecule must contain one sulfur atom and two oxygen atoms; sulfur trioxide has three oxygen atoms and requires a separate identity.", "A molecular sulfur dioxide measurement must be distinguished from measurements reporting sulfite, bisulfite or an aggregate result expressed as SO2 equivalents.", "A sample described as sulfur dioxide must identify whether it is the supplied substance or a component of a carrier gas, solution or formulated product.", "Gas versus liquefied sulfur dioxide is a condition-dependent state distinction, not a different chemical identity.", "Odour or an undifferentiated sulfur signal is insufficient identification; the analytical method must distinguish sulfur dioxide from other sulfur-containing compounds." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical and regulatory identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "SO2; verified CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number with source records", "why_it_matters": "Connects analytical, supplier and regulatory records to the same substance." }, { "name": "Material context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplied substance; gas-mixture component; dissolved component; product constituent", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a containing product or mixture from being mistaken for pure sulfur dioxide." }, { "name": "Assay and impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or mole fraction of SO2; named impurities in compatible units; method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the material meets the requirements of an intended use." }, { "name": "Declared grade", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplier grade and referenced specification, with certificate and lot", "why_it_matters": "A grade claim requires evidence beyond the substance name." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, ppm by mass or dew point with measurement conditions", "why_it_matters": "Moisture affects aqueous chemistry and assessment of materials compatibility." }, { "name": "Thermodynamic condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Gas, liquid or two-phase; temperature in K or °C; absolute pressure in Pa or bar", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of storage conditions, inventory and potential release behaviour." }, { "name": "Phase-property reference", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting and boiling temperatures with pressure; vapour pressure and density with temperature", "why_it_matters": "Allows condition-specific assessment without treating reference constants as universal operating values." }, { "name": "Air concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ppm by volume or mg/m³; temperature, pressure, location, averaging period and method", "why_it_matters": "Makes measurements interpretable against the correct exposure or ambient-air criterion." }, { "name": "Aqueous analytical fraction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Method-defined molecular, free, bound or total sulfur dioxide; matrix and pH", "why_it_matters": "Prevents analytically different fractions from being treated as interchangeable quantities." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard and limit records", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to current safety data, jurisdiction-specific GHS implementation, exposure limits and use restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the authority, date and applicability of requirements used in decisions." } ], "affordances": [ "Match a sample, supplier lot or monitoring result to the sulfur dioxide identity and its material context.", "Evaluate purity, moisture and grade evidence against a specified use.", "Interpret phase and inventory from documented temperature, pressure and composition.", "Compare air measurements with applicable criteria using compatible units and averaging periods.", "Assess a proposed containment or transfer arrangement against documented compatibility and hazard requirements.", "Trace measured or reported sulfur dioxide through dissolution or transformation while preserving distinctions between species and reporting equivalents." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sulfur-dioxide-identity-and-grade", "name": "Sulfur dioxide identity and grade", "description": "Establishes which substance and material form a record refers to and whether its quality is evidenced.", "rationale": "The name sulfur dioxide can label a substance, a mixture component or an analytical reporting basis; these contexts support different decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-and-registry-identity", "name": "Molecular and registry identity", "description": "Connects SO2 to verified identifiers and resolves neighbouring substance boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence-and-species-boundary", "name": "Identity evidence and species boundary", "description": "Record the evidence identifying molecular sulfur dioxide and distinguish it from other sulfur oxides and sulfite salts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative records establish the CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number for the SO2 identity represented here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-and-species-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does this record identify sulfur dioxide itself, a containing material or a quantity expressed as SO2 equivalents?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-and-species-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-composition-and-use-grade", "name": "Lot composition and use grade", "description": "Captures assay, moisture, impurities and the specification supporting a grade claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-quality-for-intended-use", "name": "Verified quality for intended use", "description": "Treat grade as a specification-backed claim about a lot, rather than a consequence of its chemical identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What SO2 assay, moisture content and relevant impurity concentrations were measured for this lot, by which methods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-quality-for-intended-use-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented specification makes this lot suitable for its proposed food, analytical or industrial use?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-quality-for-intended-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sulfur-dioxide-phase-and-containment", "name": "Sulfur dioxide phase and containment", "description": "Relates gaseous or liquefied material to temperature, pressure, inventory and contact conditions.", "rationale": "A sulfur dioxide quantity cannot be assessed for storage or transfer from its name or volume alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-property-basis", "name": "Phase and property basis", "description": "Establishes physical state using measured conditions and sourced property data.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-physical-state", "name": "Condition-dependent physical state", "description": "Record phase, temperature and absolute pressure together, retaining the conditions attached to reference properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the recorded composition, temperature and absolute pressure, is the material gaseous, liquid or two-phase?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-physical-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which sources and validity ranges support the melting point, boiling point, vapour pressure and density used in this assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-dependent-physical-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-materials-and-release-context", "name": "Contact materials and release context", "description": "Links the substance's condition to compatibility and possible loss of containment.", "findings": [ { "id": "moisture-sensitive-containment-assessment", "name": "Moisture-sensitive containment assessment", "description": "Assess contact materials and release controls using the actual moisture, phase and operating conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What compatibility evidence covers the wetted materials and seals at the stated sulfur dioxide moisture content, temperature and pressure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "moisture-sensitive-containment-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What documented containment, detection and isolation requirements must be satisfied before this quantity is stored or transferred?", "kind": "action", "id": "moisture-sensitive-containment-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "aqueous-speciation-and-transformation", "name": "Aqueous speciation and transformation", "description": "Preserves chemical and analytical distinctions when sulfur dioxide dissolves, binds or undergoes reaction.", "rationale": "Dissolved sulfur dioxide, free or total SO2 results, and transformed sulfur species cannot be substituted for one another without a defined basis.", "layers": [ { "id": "dissolved-species-and-analytical-fractions", "name": "Dissolved species and analytical fractions", "description": "Records matrix conditions and method definitions governing aqueous sulfur dioxide reporting.", "findings": [ { "id": "meaning-of-aqueous-so2-result", "name": "Meaning of an aqueous SO2 result", "description": "Keep molecular, free, bound and total reporting categories tied to the analytical method and sample matrix.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the reported molecular, free, bound or total SO2 fraction include under the method used?", "kind": "definition", "id": "meaning-of-aqueous-so2-result-q01" }, { "text": "What pH, temperature, matrix composition and sample handling conditions accompany the result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "meaning-of-aqueous-so2-result-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reaction-and-accounting-boundaries", "name": "Reaction and accounting boundaries", "description": "Tracks when sulfur dioxide becomes another species and how sulfur quantities remain comparable.", "findings": [ { "id": "transformation-without-identity-collapse", "name": "Transformation without identity collapse", "description": "Record dissolution and reaction relationships while assigning resulting substances their own identities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed or evidenced reaction changes SO2 into another species, and where does this model hand responsibility to that species' model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "transformation-without-identity-collapse-q01" }, { "text": "Are quantities reported as actual SO2 mass, sulfur mass or SO2 equivalents, and what documented conversion relates them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "transformation-without-identity-collapse-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sulfur-dioxide-hazards-and-permitted-actions", "name": "Sulfur dioxide hazards and permitted actions", "description": "Connects hazard evidence and measured exposure to context-specific decisions about use and release.", "rationale": "Sulfur dioxide decisions require distinctions between substance hazards, workplace exposure, ambient pollution and permitted product uses.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-classification-and-air-exposure", "name": "Hazard classification and air exposure", "description": "Keeps classification records and concentration comparisons tied to their scope and measurement basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-hazard-and-exposure-evidence", "name": "Applicable hazard and exposure evidence", "description": "Use sourced classifications and limits, preserving material form, jurisdiction, averaging period and measurement uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety data and jurisdictional classification records apply to this sulfur dioxide material and supplied form?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-hazard-and-exposure-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which workplace or ambient-air criterion applies to this measurement, and do units, reference conditions and averaging periods match?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-hazard-and-exposure-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-release-decision", "name": "Use and release decision", "description": "Determines whether a proposed action has the necessary material evidence and applicable authorisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-specific-action-eligibility", "name": "Context-specific action eligibility", "description": "Evaluate a proposed application or release against its specific requirements without treating one approval as universal.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the proposed use, what jurisdiction, product category, grade, quantity and labelling requirements apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-specific-action-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "What verified criteria govern the proposed emission, disposal or abatement outcome, and what evidence demonstrates compliance?", "kind": "action", "id": "context-specific-action-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.", "Verify current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits, food permissions and labelling thresholds before regulatory use.", "Grade names are commercial distinctions rather than separate chemical species; purity, water content and impurity limits require supplier specifications." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Industrial-grade sulfur dioxide", "Food-grade sulfur dioxide", "High-purity sulfur dioxide" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "7446-09-5", "note": "Identifies sulfur dioxide as a chemical substance." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "1119", "note": "Compound record identifier." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "231-195-2", "note": "European chemical inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "UN dangerous goods number", "value_or_pattern": "UN 1079", "note": "Transport identity for sulfur dioxide." }, { "scheme": "European food additive E number", "value_or_pattern": "E220", "note": "Food additive identity; does not establish that every grade or application is permitted." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Economic Commission for Europe: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals provides the hazard classification framework.", "European Union: CLP Regulation governs classification, labelling and packaging.", "European Union: REACH Regulation governs chemical registration and associated obligations.", "United States Environmental Protection Agency: National Ambient Air Quality Standards regulate sulfur dioxide in outdoor air.", "United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration: workplace air contaminant standards include sulfur dioxide exposure limits." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Intermediate in sulfuric acid manufacture.", "Preservative and antioxidant in permitted food and beverage applications, including wine.", "Reducing and bleaching agent in pulp and other industrial processing.", "Reagent for removing residual chlorine from treated water.", "Feedstock for manufacturing sulfites and bisulfites." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 64.06", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Melting point of pure substance", "typical_range": "Approximately -72.7", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Boiling point at 101.325 kPa", "typical_range": "Approximately -10.0", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Relative gas density compared with air at equal temperature and pressure", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.2", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Toxic by inhalation; exposure can cause severe respiratory irritation and lung injury.", "Can trigger bronchoconstriction, particularly in people with asthma.", "Contact with liquefied sulfur dioxide can cause frostbite; heated pressure containers can rupture.", "Dissolution in moisture produces acidic solutions that can damage tissue and corrode susceptible materials.", "Atmospheric oxidation contributes to sulfate particulate pollution and acid deposition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Workplace exposure limits, averaging periods and short-term limits differ among jurisdictions and issuing bodies.", "Permitted food uses, maximum concentrations and sulfite declaration requirements vary by jurisdiction and food category.", "Ambient air standards and industrial emission requirements vary among countries and regions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Sulfur trioxide", "difference": "SO₃ contains three oxygen atoms per sulfur atom and sulfur in oxidation state +6, rather than +4." }, { "name": "Sulfurous acid", "difference": "H₂SO₃ is the conventional acid formula associated with aqueous sulfur dioxide chemistry; it is not synonymous with pure molecular SO₂." }, { "name": "Sulfites and bisulfites", "difference": "These contain sulfite or hydrogen sulfite ions, often as salts; sulfur dioxide is a neutral molecular substance, although they interconvert in aqueous equilibria." }, { "name": "Sulfuric acid", "difference": "H₂SO₄ is a distinct sulfur(VI) acid produced downstream of sulfur dioxide oxidation." }, { "name": "Sulfur dioxide solution", "difference": "An aqueous preparation has a concentration, pH and distribution of dissolved species; it is a mixture rather than the pure substance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of sulfur dioxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identity records and condition-qualified physical-property sources should be adopted as the publication's reference set?", "Which impurities and moisture thresholds distinguish the sulfur dioxide grades relevant to the intended applications?", "Which aqueous matrices and analytical methods must be supported, and how does each define molecular, free, bound and total SO2?", "Which jurisdictions and use contexts determine the applicable hazard classifications, exposure limits, product restrictions and emission criteria?", "What sourced compatibility evidence is sufficient for dry versus moisture-containing sulfur dioxide across the intended storage and transfer conditions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a sulfur dioxide, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify sulfur dioxide, assess its composition and condition, and determine whether a proposed use, transfer, exposure or release is acceptable under documented requirements.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a sulfur dioxide, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one sulfur dioxide from another, and a sulfur dioxide from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a sulfur dioxide sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a sulfur dioxide from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a sulfur dioxide is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a sulfur dioxide is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a sulfur dioxide is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a sulfur dioxide is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a sulfur dioxide is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a sulfur dioxide is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a sulfur dioxide passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a sulfur dioxide between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a sulfur dioxide, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a sulfur dioxide is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a sulfur dioxide and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a sulfur dioxide is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a sulfur dioxide performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a sulfur dioxide.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a sulfur dioxide at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a sulfur dioxide there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What sulfur dioxide is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name sulfur dioxide unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of sulfur dioxide exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How sulfur dioxide behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of sulfur dioxide, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is sulfur dioxide incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How sulfur dioxide can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is sulfur dioxide classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover sulfur dioxide, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a sulfur dioxide came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a sulfur dioxide and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a sulfur dioxide is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a sulfur dioxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a sulfur dioxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a sulfur dioxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }