{ "model": { "rank": 528, "code": "thing-q5292", "model_id": "vr.tr.encyclopedia", "name": "encyclopedia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain encyclopedias and how to use and evaluate them, distinguish editorial from collaborative works, and support research and citation practice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q5292/", "tier": 2, "score": 240, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "CD-ROM encyclopedia", "Fandom wiki", "Liquipedia wiki", "Vikidia edition", "online encyclopedia", "Fandom wiki moved to Miraheze", "this wiki has been closed", "archived Fandom wiki", "Fantendo", "The English fandom wiki at this URL has been closed", "Fandom central wiki", "Web Encyclopedia of Kyiv", "Queer-Lexikon.net", "political online encyclopedia", "Gran Enciclopèdia de la Música", "encyclopedic reference book", 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practice.", "definition": "A reference work providing summaries of knowledge across all subjects or a particular field, arranged alphabetically or thematically, in print, on disc or online, from general encyclopedias and specialist works to collaborative wikis such as Wikipedia, Vikidia and fan wikis; encyclopedias are tertiary sources that summarise primary and secondary literature.", "what_it_is_for": "Summarising and accessing knowledge.", "affordances": [ "find suitable encyclopedias for a topic", "evaluate reliability and editorial process", "cite encyclopedia entries correctly", "explain how collaborative encyclopedias work" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Tertiary source", "Broad or specialist scope", "Editorial or collaborative", "Regularly revised" ], "appearance": "Multi-volume books, discs or websites with articles.", "visual_identification": [ "Alphabetical or thematic articles", "Editorial or community authorship", "Dictionaries define words rather than summarise topics" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "general encyclopedias", "specialist encyclopedias", "collaborative online encyclopedias", "fan and community wikis", "historical encyclopedias" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "reference work", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "tertiary source", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "information science", "why": "field" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "library", "why": "access" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Citation style guides", "Editorial policies of encyclopedias", "Licensing such as Creative Commons for collaborative works" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Treating encyclopedias as primary sources", "Vandalism and errors in open wikis", "Outdated print editions" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Finding information.", "rationale": "Start, do not end, here.", "layers": [ { "id": "find", "name": "Find", "description": "Which encyclopedia.", "findings": [ { "id": "find-finding", "name": "Find", "description": "Choosing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which encyclopedia suits this topic and audience?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is a specialist work available?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Role in research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should an encyclopedia entry be used as a starting point for research?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which primary sources does it cite?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evaluate", "name": "Evaluate", "description": "Reliability.", "rationale": "Check the process.", "layers": [ { "id": "editorial", "name": "Editorial", "description": "Editorial process.", "findings": [ { "id": "editorial-finding", "name": "Editorial", "description": "Editorial process.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who writes and reviews entries, and how are errors corrected?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How current is the entry?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wiki", "name": "Wiki", "description": "Collaborative works.", "findings": [ { "id": "wiki-finding", "name": "Wiki", "description": "Collaborative works.", "questions": [ { "text": "How reliable is this wiki entry, based on sourcing, history and community standards?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which policies govern it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cite", "name": "Cite", "description": "Citation.", "rationale": "Cite properly.", "layers": [ { "id": "format", "name": "Format", "description": "Citing entries.", "findings": [ { "id": "format-finding", "name": "Format", "description": "Citing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this encyclopedia entry be cited in the 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"digital", "name": "Digital", "description": "Digital transition.", "findings": [ { "id": "digital-finding", "name": "Digital", "description": "Digital transition.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did CD-ROM and online encyclopedias change the field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are wiki communities governed and hosted?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each major encyclopedia be a separate entry?", "How should reliability assessments be linked?", "How should wiki communities be described?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. 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Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "CD-ROM encyclopedia", "Fandom wiki", "Liquipedia wiki", "Vikidia edition", "online encyclopedia", "Fandom wiki moved to Miraheze", "this wiki has been closed", "archived Fandom wiki", "Fantendo", "The English fandom wiki at this URL has been closed", "Fandom central wiki", "Web Encyclopedia of Kyiv" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 240 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 56 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one encyclopedia from another, and a encyclopedia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. 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}, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a encyclopedia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a encyclopedia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a encyclopedia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a encyclopedia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a encyclopedia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a encyclopedia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a encyclopedia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a encyclopedia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a encyclopedia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a encyclopedia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, 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"answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a encyclopedia and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access 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"level-rules-q01", "text": "For encyclopedia, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of encyclopedia exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made 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"description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in encyclopedia, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a encyclopedia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a encyclopedia and how 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"validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a encyclopedia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a encyclopedia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a encyclopedia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a encyclopedia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }