{ "model": { "rank": 2240, "code": "thing-q53121", "model_id": "vr.tr.cycling", "name": "cycling", "purpose": "Let an agent explain forms of cycling and their rules, support safe riding, commuting and touring, follow cycling sport with sources, and describe cycling infrastructure and culture.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q53121/", "tier": 2, "score": 111, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cycling by country, region or city", "cycling at the Summer Paralympics", "cyclologistics", "bicycle culture", "electric cycling", "Randonneuring", "extreme cycling", "cyclonudism", "bicycling and feminism", "cycle tour", "organized bicycle touring", "winter biking", "cycling in Spain", "cycle sport", "cycling in Brussels", "cycling in the Netherlands", "Electric bikes", "Enduro mountain biking", "road cycling", "vehicular cycling", "Cycling in the Czech Republic", "handbiking", "Cycling esports", "gravel cycling", "deafcycling", "women's cycle sport", "BMX racing", "icetrack cycling", "artistic cycling", "sprinting", "biketrial", "BMX", "track cycling", "para cycling", "Bikejoring", "cyclo-cross", "road bicycle racing", "ultra-distance cycling", "cycle polo", "indoor cycling" ], "aliasCount": 92, "merged": 92, "knownIn": 111, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q53121", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T23:44:46Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q53121", "registryId": "vr.tr.cycling", "name": "cycling", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q53121/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cycling", "name": "cycling", "purpose": "Let an agent explain forms of cycling and their rules, support safe riding, commuting and touring, follow cycling sport with sources, and describe cycling infrastructure and culture.", "definition": "The riding of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise and sport, including road, track, mountain, BMX and cyclo-cross racing, long-distance randonneuring, cycle touring, commuting, cargo cycling and electric cycling, with para-cycling at the Paralympics; cycling is practised worldwide, shaped by infrastructure and bicycle culture, and governed in sport by national and international federations.", "what_it_is_for": "Riding bicycles for transport, recreation and sport.", "affordances": [ "explain forms of cycling", "support safe riding and touring", "follow cycling sport", "describe infrastructure and culture" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Human-powered", "Many disciplines", "Infrastructure-dependent", "Federation-governed sport" ], "appearance": "People riding bicycles on roads, tracks, trails and paths.", "visual_identification": [ "Bicycle riding", "Transport, recreation and sport", "Motorcycling uses motorised vehicles" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "road, track and mountain bike racing", "BMX and cyclo-cross", "randonneuring and cycle touring", "utility and commuter cycling including cargo bikes", "electric cycling and para-cycling" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sport", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "vehicle operation", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "criterium", "why": "a race format" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "bicycle", "why": "the vehicle" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Road traffic rules for cyclists", "Cycling federation rules", "Helmet and lighting requirements by jurisdiction" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Collisions with motor vehicles", "Falls and injuries", "Theft" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "ride", "name": "Ride", "description": "Riding safely.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Road safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which traffic rules, equipment and techniques keep cyclists safe here, according to road safety guidance?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is someone injured now, needing emergency help?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "commute", "name": "Commute", "description": "Commuting and utility cycling.", "findings": [ { "id": "commute-finding", "name": "Commute", "description": "Commuting.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone start commuting or using cargo and electric bikes, and which rules apply to e-bikes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electric bicycles?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sport", "name": "Sport", "description": "Cycling sport.", "rationale": "Competition.", "layers": [ { "id": "disciplines", "name": "Disciplines", "description": "Disciplines.", "findings": [ { "id": "disciplines-finding", "name": "Disciplines", "description": "Disciplines.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do road, track, mountain, BMX, cyclo-cross and para-cycling differ in format and rules?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific race or series?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "follow", "name": "Follow", "description": "Following races.", "findings": [ { "id": "follow-finding", "name": "Follow", "description": "Following.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the major races and championships, and how can results be followed from official sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is doping addressed in cycling, according to governing bodies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tour", "name": "Tour", "description": "Touring and long distance.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "touring", "name": "Touring", "description": "Cycle touring.", "findings": [ { "id": "touring-finding", "name": "Touring", "description": "Touring.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a cycle tour be planned, with routes, gear and accommodation?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which long-distance routes and networks exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "randonneuring", "name": "Randonneuring", "description": "Randonneuring.", "findings": [ { "id": "randonneuring-finding", "name": "Randonneuring", "description": "Randonneuring.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is randonneuring, and how are brevets organised?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific event?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Infrastructure and culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure", "description": "Cycling infrastructure.", "findings": [ { "id": "infrastructure-finding", "name": "Infrastructure", "description": "Infrastructure.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does infrastructure shape cycling levels, according to transport research, and which cities are examples?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits cycle infrastructure?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History and culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did cycling develop as transport, sport and culture in different countries?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each discipline be a separate entry?", "How should local rules be linked?", "How should infrastructure data be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cycling, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain forms of cycling and their rules, support safe riding, commuting and touring, follow cycling sport with sources, and describe cycling infrastructure and culture.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cycling by country, region or city, cycling at the Summer Paralympics, cyclologistics, bicycle culture, electric cycling, Randonneuring, extreme cycling, cyclonudism, bicycling and feminism, cycle tour, organized bicycle touring, winter biking.", "92 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cycling, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cycling by country, region or city", "cycling at the Summer Paralympics", "cyclologistics", "bicycle culture", "electric cycling", "Randonneuring", "extreme cycling", "cyclonudism", "bicycling and feminism", "cycle tour", "organized bicycle touring", "winter biking" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 111 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 92 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cycling from another, and a cycling from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cycling sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cycling from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cycling passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cycling between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cycling, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cycling is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a cycling proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a cycling, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a cycling and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a cycling consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a cycling takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What cycling is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of cycling are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is cycling operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of cycling and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of cycling?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as cycling?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cycling came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cycling and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cycling is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cycling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cycling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cycling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }