{ "model": { "rank": 5145, "code": "thing-q5319", "model_id": "vr.tr.borax", "name": "borax", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise borax, assess its hydration, purity and condition, and determine whether a particular lot is suitable for an intended use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q5319/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.borax", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q5319", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:45:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-3c62-7713-8ecf-9d5afacc6769\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: borax\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 67, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-3c52-79f1-a8c6-41a30e9133c0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: borax\nRegistry id: vr.tr.borax\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q5319", "registryId": "vr.tr.borax", "name": "borax", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5319/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.borax", "name": "borax", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise borax, assess its hydration, purity and condition, and determine whether a particular lot is suitable for an intended use.", "definition": "Borax is the mineral and commercial sodium borate commonly identified as sodium tetraborate decahydrate, Na2B4O7·10H2O, a crystalline salt that forms mildly alkaline aqueous solutions.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.borax as a sodium tetraborate material, centred on borax decahydrate while requiring explicit identification of other hydration forms sold under the borax name; it distinguishes the substance from boric acid, other borates and formulated products.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity, hydration form and the meaning of borax on a specimen or supplier label", "Natural mineral specimens and commercial lots identified as borax", "Composition, impurities, grade and analytical evidence of suitability", "Physical condition, dissolution behaviour and changes caused by moisture or heating", "Use constraints, exposure controls and jurisdiction-specific substance identification" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Boric acid and chemically distinct borate substances", "Complete formulations of detergents, fluxes, pesticides or other products containing borax", "Design and operation of mining, refining and manufacturing processes", "Geological models of entire borate deposits", "Clinical assessment or treatment of exposure", "Performance models of finished glass, ceramics or other materials made using borax" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish sodium tetraborate composition rather than identifying the material solely from a white crystalline appearance or a borax trade name.", "Identify the hydration form: the decahydrate composition Na2B4O7·10H2O must be distinguished from pentahydrate and anhydrous sodium tetraborate.", "Distinguish borax from boric acid through chemical identity and analytical evidence, rather than treating both as interchangeable sources of boron.", "Determine whether the sample is the substance itself or a mixture containing borax; additives and ingredient proportions change the model boundary.", "Separate analytical purity from hydration state: different water contents can change mass-based assay results without demonstrating contamination." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Declared and verified hydration form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "decahydrate | pentahydrate | anhydrous | mixed or partially dehydrated | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Controls identity, formula mass, interpretation of assay and substitution by mass." }, { "name": "Substance identifiers", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "CAS, EC and PubChem records linked to the explicitly identified chemical form", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an identifier for one hydration form from being silently applied to another." }, { "name": "Assay and reporting basis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass %, reported as identified hydrate, anhydrous sodium tetraborate, boron or B2O3 equivalent; method required", "why_it_matters": "Allows valid comparison of supplier specifications and calculation of material requirements." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass % with method, temperature programme and distinction between free moisture and crystal water", "why_it_matters": "Helps detect hydration changes and interpret apparent purity or mass changes." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg or mass % by named impurity, including insoluble residue where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a lot meets the requirements of its intended application." }, { "name": "Grade and specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "supplier grade plus named specification, revision and supporting certificate", "why_it_matters": "A grade label alone does not establish application suitability." }, { "name": "Physical condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "crystalline, granular or powdered; free-flowing, caked, weathered or visibly contaminated", "why_it_matters": "Affects handling, sampling, dust generation and dissolution." }, { "name": "Solubility under stated conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L solution or g/100 g solvent, with solvent, temperature, hydration form and concentration basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports solution preparation without confusing incompatible solubility conventions." }, { "name": "Solution pH", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH with concentration, water quality, temperature and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Supports evaluation of alkaline behaviour and detects departures from a defined preparation." }, { "name": "Thermal transformation behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C with observed event, heating rate and method; distinguish dehydration, melting and decomposition", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a dehydration event or a value for another form from being recorded as a universal melting or boiling point." }, { "name": "Hazard and exposure record", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "current safety data sheet, applicable classification and exposure limits with jurisdiction, date, units and sampling basis", "why_it_matters": "Connects handling decisions to the actual material and applicable requirements." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve whether a labelled material is borax of a specified hydration form or requires further identification.", "Compare lots after normalising assay and water content to an explicitly chosen composition basis.", "Calculate a mass for solution preparation using verified hydration form, assay and target concentration.", "Accept, quarantine or reject a lot against an application-specific specification and supporting evidence.", "Select storage and handling controls using physical condition and the applicable safety data sheet.", "Flag proposed substitutions between hydration forms for composition and process-performance review." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "borax-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Borax identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what the borax name denotes for the material being assessed.", "rationale": "Borax naming can obscure hydration differences and confuse a substance with a formulated product.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-form", "name": "Chemical form", "description": "Resolves sodium tetraborate identity and crystal-water content.", "findings": [ { "id": "hydration-specific-identity", "name": "Hydration-specific identity", "description": "Recognition requires a declared chemical form supported by evidence appropriate to the decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does borax here mean the decahydrate mineral, a commercial sodium tetraborate hydrate or an unresolved trade designation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "hydration-specific-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What label, certificate or analytical result establishes the hydration form and its matching substance identifiers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "hydration-specific-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-versus-mixture", "name": "Substance versus mixture", "description": "Separates borax material from neighbouring chemicals and products.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-boundary", "name": "Material boundary", "description": "Natural impurities, intentional additives and distinct borate ingredients must be distinguished.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the assessed item a borax specimen or lot, or a product containing borax alongside other intentional ingredients?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes the material from boric acid or another sodium borate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assay-grade-and-lot-evidence", "name": "Assay, grade and lot evidence", "description": "Connects composition claims to analytical methods, reporting bases and particular lots.", "rationale": "Borax comparisons and dosing can fail when hydrate mass, dry-basis assay and boron equivalents are treated as identical.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-accounting", "name": "Composition accounting", "description": "Makes assay and water measurements interpretable together.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-assay", "name": "Comparable assay", "description": "Every composition value needs a named analyte, reporting basis and measurement method.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the assay expressed as a particular hydrate, anhydrous sodium tetraborate, elemental boron or B2O3 equivalent?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-assay-q01" }, { "text": "Does the water determination distinguish free moisture from crystal water, and how does that affect the reported assay?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-assay-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-traceability", "name": "Grade and traceability", "description": "Tests whether a specific lot supports its claimed grade and intended application.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-lot-quality", "name": "Supported lot quality", "description": "Suitability follows from relevant impurity limits and traceable results rather than the borax name alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification and lot-linked certificate substantiate the declared grade, assay and impurity limits?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-lot-quality-q01" }, { "text": "Which impurities or insoluble residues could disqualify this lot for the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-lot-quality-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hydration-storage-and-thermal-state", "name": "Hydration, storage and thermal state", "description": "Tracks condition changes that affect borax identity, mass and handling.", "rationale": "A hydrate cannot be assessed reliably without considering water exchange and the distinction between thermal events.", "layers": [ { "id": "stored-material-condition", "name": "Stored material condition", "description": "Relates observed condition to packaging and environmental history.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-and-water-change", "name": "Condition and water change", "description": "Caking, weathering and mass changes trigger investigation rather than an automatic conclusion about purity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, humidity and packaging history accompanied any caking, surface alteration or mass change?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-and-water-change-q01" }, { "text": "What measurement would distinguish free-moisture uptake, hydration change and contamination before the material is used?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-and-water-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-events", "name": "Thermal events", "description": "Records heating behaviour against the form actually tested.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpreted-thermal-data", "name": "Interpreted thermal data", "description": "Thermal values must identify the event and material state to avoid misleading property assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each reported temperature describe dehydration, a phase transition, melting or decomposition, and for which initial hydration form?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpreted-thermal-data-q01" }, { "text": "Is a conventional boiling point meaningful for the identified material, or should the record describe its preceding transformations?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "interpreted-thermal-data-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolution-and-use-fit", "name": "Dissolution and use fit", "description": "Supports preparation and application decisions using form-specific composition and behaviour.", "rationale": "Equal masses of different borax forms need not deliver equal amounts of tetraborate or behave identically in a process.", "layers": [ { "id": "solution-preparation", "name": "Solution preparation", "description": "Defines the conditions and concentration basis for dissolving borax.", "findings": [ { "id": "defined-borax-solution", "name": "Defined borax solution", "description": "Solution preparation links measured material composition to target concentration and operating conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What hydration form and assay basis should be used to calculate the required mass for the target concentration?", "kind": "action", "id": "defined-borax-solution-q01" }, { "text": "At the preparation and storage temperatures, what evidence establishes adequate solubility and acceptable pH?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "defined-borax-solution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-substitution", "name": "Application and substitution", "description": "Tests suitability for a specified role without owning the entire downstream process.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-use", "name": "Qualified use", "description": "Use approval requires the relevant grade, composition and performance conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What role is borax intended to perform, and which grade, impurity and physical-form requirements follow from that role?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-use-q01" }, { "text": "If another hydration form is substituted, what mass correction and process validation are required?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "borax-hazards-and-controls", "name": "Borax hazards and controls", "description": "Links the identified material and use scenario to substantiated handling constraints.", "rationale": "Hazard classifications and exposure decisions must match the borax form, product and jurisdiction being assessed.", "layers": [ { "id": "applicable-hazard-evidence", "name": "Applicable hazard evidence", "description": "Resolves which safety and regulatory records apply.", "findings": [ { "id": "matched-safety-record", "name": "Matched safety record", "description": "Safety assertions require a current record matched to the material identity and jurisdiction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety data sheet and authoritative classification record match this hydration form or supplied mixture?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "matched-safety-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which hazard categories and use restrictions apply in the jurisdiction and application under review?", "kind": "action", "id": "matched-safety-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-release", "name": "Exposure and release", "description": "Translates the actual handling scenario into controls and disposition decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "scenario-specific-controls", "name": "Scenario-specific controls", "description": "Dry-powder transfer, solution handling and waste disposal require controls grounded in their respective exposure conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exposure limit applies, including its averaging period and whether it is expressed as boron, a named borate or a specified dust fraction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "scenario-specific-controls-q01" }, { "text": "What containment, protective equipment and disposal route are required for the actual quantity, physical form and handling operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "scenario-specific-controls-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This account is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; the intended registry sense should be checked because borax can denote a mineral, the decahydrate or a broader commercial family.", "Verify current jurisdiction-specific classifications, restrictions and occupational exposure limits for the exact hydrate and product grade.", "Verify thermal data before use: dehydration and subsequent transformations make an unqualified melting or boiling point misleading." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Naturally occurring borax mineral", "Refined sodium tetraborate decahydrate", "Commercial borax pentahydrate", "Anhydrous borax" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1303-96-4", "note": "Sodium tetraborate decahydrate." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "12179-04-3", "note": "Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate; a distinct hydration state marketed as borax." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1330-43-4", "note": "Anhydrous sodium tetraborate." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals provides the framework for communicating chemical hazards; national implementation varies.", "European Union REACH and CLP regulations govern relevant sodium borate substances, including reproductive-toxicity classification and associated controls." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Boron source in glass, fiberglass and ceramic glaze production.", "Flux in soldering, brazing and metallurgy.", "Ingredient in some cleaning and laundry formulations.", "Preparation of borate buffers in laboratories.", "Crosslinking agent for suitable polyvinyl alcohol formulations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass of sodium tetraborate decahydrate", "typical_range": "381.37", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Crystal density of the decahydrate near room temperature", "typical_range": "approximately 1.73", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "pH of a dilute aqueous solution near room temperature", "typical_range": "approximately 9-10, depending on concentration and temperature", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dust can irritate eyes and the respiratory tract.", "Ingestion can cause systemic toxicity; borax is not a food ingredient or interchangeable with a medicinal preparation.", "Relevant sodium borates carry reproductive and developmental toxicity concerns.", "Hydration changes during storage or heating alter mass-based composition and can invalidate formulations calculated for another hydrate.", "Excess boron released to soil or water can harm sensitive plants." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hazard communication, permitted product uses and restrictions differ by jurisdiction.", "Commercial use of the name borax may encompass different hydration states; the formula and CAS number are needed to establish identity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Boric acid", "difference": "Boric acid is H3BO3, whereas borax is a sodium borate salt; their composition and aqueous acid-base behavior differ." }, { "name": "Sodium perborate", "difference": "Sodium perborate is a peroxide-containing boron compound used for bleaching; borax is not a peroxide bleach." }, { "name": "Sodium metaborate", "difference": "Sodium metaborate has a different sodium-to-boron ratio and is chemically distinct from sodium tetraborate." }, { "name": "Borax-containing cleaner", "difference": "A formulated cleaner is a mixture whose concentration, additives and hazards cannot be inferred solely from borax identity." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of borax this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend borax narrowly as the decahydrate mineral or as a commercial umbrella for sodium tetraborate forms?", "Which authoritative CAS, EC and PubChem records should anchor each hydration form admitted within this entry?", "Which sources provide reliable, form-specific solubility, hydration-transition and thermal data with explicit measurement conditions?", "Which grade specifications and impurity limits should govern the intended applications represented in this registry?", "Which jurisdictions and use scenarios must be researched for current hazard classifications, exposure limits and restrictions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a borax, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise borax, assess its hydration, purity and condition, and determine whether a particular lot is suitable for an intended use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a borax, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one borax from another, and a borax from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a borax sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a borax from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a borax is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a borax is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a borax is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a borax is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a borax is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a borax is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a borax passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a borax between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a borax, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a borax is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a borax and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a borax is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a borax performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a borax.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a borax at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a borax there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What borax is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name borax unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of borax exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How borax behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of borax, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is borax incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How borax can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is borax classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover borax, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a borax came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a borax and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a borax is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a borax, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a borax, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a borax is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }