Hittites

Situated name attribution

Record who applies a designation, to whom, when and under which interpretation.

1. Does Hittites here denote a polity, its subjects, a language-associated population or a later classificatory label? definition
2. Which source establishes the designation, and is it a self-description, an external description or a modern interpretation? provenance

Non-equivalent identities

Require evidence before equating similar names, overlapping populations or successor claims.

1. What distinguishes this attribution from Hattian identity, a Luwian-speaking community or another population within the same political environment? boundary
2. If the reference concerns a Neo-Hittite polity or a later textual designation, should it be linked through a qualified relationship rather than assigned directly to this entry? action

Effective and claimed authority

Distinguish titles and prescriptions from demonstrated capacities to govern.

1. Which decisions could the king, queen or other attested institutions make, and for which people or places? definition
2. What evidence distinguishes an assertion of royal authority from its effective exercise during this interval? provenance

Obligations and political stability

Assess succession, loyalty and dependent rulership through specific duties and observed compliance.

1. Which succession arrangements, oaths or agreements supported the authority being assessed? provenance
2. Which observed breaches, rival claims or changes of allegiance justify judging central authority as contested or fragmented? measurement

Place-specific authority

Give each territorial attribution a period, relationship type and evidentiary basis.

1. What establishes the administrative, royal or ritual role of Hattusa or another proposed centre during the selected period? provenance
2. For each associated region, does the evidence indicate direct government, dependent rule, a campaign, a claim or cultural contact? boundary

External relationship condition

Record counterpart-specific relations and their changes without imposing a single permanent status.

1. What source supports a relationship of parity, dependence, alliance or hostility with a named external power? provenance
2. Does a reported victory or agreement justify changing the territorial assessment, or is evidence of subsequent administration still needed? action

Population attribution

Specify the evidence and scale of each claim that people were Hittite.

1. Is this person or community attributed to Hittites through political obligations, explicit identification, language use or another stated basis? definition
2. What permits extending evidence from a court document, personal name or local assemblage to the wider population? boundary

Institutional participation versus cultural similarity

Distinguish participation in Hittite institutions from adoption or circulation of associated practices.

1. Which legal, ritual or material evidence demonstrates an institutional connection rather than resemblance or exchange alone? provenance
2. Does the proposed practice characterise a royal setting, a locality or a broader collective, and where does its attribution stop? boundary

Dimension-specific transition

Assess what changed or persisted without assigning a single beginning or ending to every aspect of Hittite existence.

1. What date interval and uncertainty apply to the proposed formation, disruption or ending of the political organisation? measurement
2. Which political, linguistic, demographic or ritual continuity is actually supported for a later community, and which remains unestablished? boundary

Claim-level evidence control

Associate each substantive assessment with inspected evidence and a stated limit on inference.

1. Which inspected textual or archaeological evidence supports the claim, and how do genre, preservation, dating or translation affect it? provenance
2. When evidence conflicts or remains absent, should the agent qualify the assertion, retain competing readings or defer the proposed catalogue change? action

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Hittites this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance