{ "model": { "rank": 4787, "code": "thing-q55451", "model_id": "vr.tr.electric-potential", "name": "electric potential", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electric potential, relay definitions, units, relation to fields and related electrochemical quantities from physics and electrochemistry sources, describe the named quantities and flag the misfiled alias, relay electrical safety, and distinguish electric potential from electric potential energy, electric field, electromotive force and current.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q55451/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Mie potential", "zeta potential", "electrochemical potential", "Galvani potential" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q55451", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55451", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:23:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q55451", "registryId": "vr.tr.electric-potential", "name": "electric potential", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q55451/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.electric-potential", "name": "electric potential", "purpose": "Let an agent explain electric potential, relay definitions, units, relation to fields and related electrochemical quantities from physics and electrochemistry sources, describe the named quantities and flag the misfiled alias, relay electrical safety, and distinguish electric potential from electric potential energy, electric field, electromotive force and current.", "definition": "The electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field, a scalar quantity measured in volts, with the potential difference between two points being the voltage that drives current, related to the electric field as its negative gradient in electrostatics; related quantities the registry aliases name include electrochemical potential, combining chemical and electric terms for charged species, the Galvani potential difference between phases, and zeta potential at the slipping plane of particles in colloids, while the Mie potential names an interatomic potential energy function in molecular modelling and appears misfiled. High voltages are dangerous, and electrical work should follow safety rules.", "what_it_is_for": "Describing electric energy per charge.", "affordances": [ "explain definition and units", "relay relation to fields", "describe named quantities", "relay electrical safety" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Scalar quantity", "Defined relative to reference", "Gradient gives field", "Measured in volts" ], "appearance": "Not a physical object; measured with voltmeters and shown as equipotential maps.", "visual_identification": [ "Electric potential energy per unit charge", "Mie potential, zeta potential, electrochemical potential, Galvani potential, voltage", "Potential energy depends on charge; the field is a vector; EMF is source-driven; current is charge flow; the Mie potential is interatomic" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "SI unit", "typical_range": "volt", "unit": "unit", "note": "joule per coulomb" }, { "quantity": "relation", "typical_range": "E = -grad V", "unit": "formula", "note": "electrostatics" }, { "quantity": "zeta potential stability guide", "typical_range": "magnitude above about 30 mV often stable", "unit": "note", "note": "rule of thumb" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "electrostatic potential", "potential difference or voltage", "electrochemical potentials", "interfacial potentials such as Galvani and zeta", "membrane potentials" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "scalar potential", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is measured in", "target": "volt", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "electric field", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "Mie potential", "why": "misfiled alias" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI Brochure", "Electrical safety regulations such as IEC 60364" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Electric shock from high voltage", "Confusing potential and potential energy", "Misfiled interatomic potential alias" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What electric potential is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has someone received an electric shock, in which case switch off power without touching them and call emergency services?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What is electric potential, and how does it differ from potential energy, electric field, EMF and current?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quantities", "name": "Quantities", "description": "Named quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "quantities-finding", "name": "Quantities", "description": "Quantities.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are electrochemical, Galvani and zeta potentials, and why is the Mie potential different?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific quantity?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physics", "name": "Physics", "description": "Physics.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "field", "name": "Field relation", "description": "Potential and field.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-finding", "name": "Field relation", "description": "Field relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is electric potential related to the electric field and equipotential surfaces?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Volts.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Units.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is the volt a joule per coulomb, and how is voltage measured?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Electrochemistry.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "electrochemical", "name": "Electrochemical", "description": "Electrochemical potential.", "findings": [ { "id": "electrochemical-finding", "name": "Electrochemical", "description": "Electrochemical.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does electrochemical potential govern ion movement in batteries and cells?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electrochemical potential?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "colloids", "name": "Colloids", "description": "Zeta potential.", "findings": [ { "id": "colloids-finding", "name": "Colloids", "description": "Colloids.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is zeta potential measured and used to judge colloid stability?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits zeta potential?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Biology and safety.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "membrane", "name": "Membrane potential", "description": "Nerve signals.", "findings": [ { "id": "membrane-finding", "name": "Membrane potential", "description": "Membrane potential.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do membrane potentials underlie nerve impulses?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits membrane potential?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Electrical safety.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety rules apply to working near high voltages?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electrical safety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry alias Mie potential should be moved to interatomic potential entries", "Should zeta potential be a separate entry?", "How should electrochemistry references be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a electric potential, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain electric potential, relay definitions, units, relation to fields and related electrochemical quantities from physics and electrochemistry sources, describe the named quantities and flag the misfiled alias, relay electrical safety, and distinguish electric potential from electric potential energy, electric field, electromotive force and current.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Mie potential, zeta potential, electrochemical potential, Galvani potential.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a electric potential, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Mie potential", "zeta potential", "electrochemical potential", "Galvani potential" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one electric potential from another, and a electric potential from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a electric potential sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a electric potential from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a electric potential passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a electric potential between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a electric potential, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a electric potential is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What electric potential is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of electric potential are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is electric potential operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of electric potential and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of electric potential?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as electric potential?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a electric potential came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a electric potential and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a electric potential is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a electric potential, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a electric potential, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a electric potential is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }