{ "model": { "rank": 5595, "code": "thing-q58184", "model_id": "vr.tr.nephron", "name": "nephron", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a nephron, record its segment-specific structure and functional state, and distinguish supported assessments from unresolved biological or measurement uncertainty.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q58184/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "juxtamedullary nephron" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q58184", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58184", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:43:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08856-63e7-71f3-bf48-d2d5fa2e196f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: nephron\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 register", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08856-63f6-7d31-a49e-88bd16f010a8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: nephron\nRegistry id: vr.tr.nephron\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q58184", "registryId": "vr.tr.nephron", "name": "nephron", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q58184/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.nephron", "name": "nephron", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a nephron, record its segment-specific structure and functional state, and distinguish supported assessments from unresolved biological or measurement uncertainty.", "definition": "A nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney, comprising a renal corpuscle and its renal tubule, which filters blood plasma and modifies the resulting filtrate through selective reabsorption and secretion.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the nephron as a kidney's microscopic filtration and tubular processing unit, comprising a renal corpuscle and its associated tubule, with explicit interfaces to blood vessels, interstitial tissue and the collecting system; species and anatomical conventions must be recorded.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of a nephron and its anatomical continuity from renal corpuscle through the associated tubule", "Nephron type, cortical location and loop extent", "Glomerular filtration and the filtration barrier", "Segment-specific reabsorption, secretion and tubular fluid processing", "Local regulation through the juxtaglomerular apparatus", "Structural integrity, functional impairment and evidence supporting assessments" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-kidney anatomy, aggregate renal function and total nephron population", "Collecting duct networks shared by multiple nephrons", "Complete renal vascular and interstitial systems", "Systemic endocrine, cardiovascular and fluid-balance regulation", "Patient-level disease diagnosis and treatment selection", "Dialysis devices and engineered kidney substitutes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A complete nephron includes both a renal corpuscle and an associated tubule; an isolated glomerulus is only part of one.", "A renal tubule fragment requires evidence of segment identity and continuity before it can be identified as an individual nephron.", "A collecting duct receives tubular outflow from multiple nephrons and must not be counted as one nephron.", "A nephron is a microscopic unit within a kidney, rather than the kidney or the entire urinary drainage pathway.", "Cortical and juxtamedullary classifications depend on corpuscle position and loop anatomy, with terminology interpreted for the recorded species." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Biological context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organism, species, kidney and developmental stage", "why_it_matters": "Anatomical expectations and interpretation of functional measurements depend on biological context." }, { "name": "Observation form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Intact in situ nephron, reconstructed nephron, isolated preparation or tissue fragment", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether continuity, perfusion and integrated function can be assessed." }, { "name": "Nephron type", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Cortical, juxtamedullary, other species-specific classification or undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Relates corpuscle location and loop anatomy to the unit's functional context." }, { "name": "Segment continuity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Demonstrated, partially reconstructed, interrupted or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents disconnected tissue profiles from being treated as one complete nephron." }, { "name": "Loop extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length or depth in µm or mm, with anatomical landmarks and method", "why_it_matters": "Locates the loop relative to cortical and medullary environments." }, { "name": "Single-nephron filtration rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "nL/min per nephron, with method and experimental conditions", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies filtration at the individual-unit level without confusing it with whole-kidney filtration." }, { "name": "Tubular fluid composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Analyte concentration in mmol/L, osmolality in mOsm/kg H2O or pH, with sampling segment", "why_it_matters": "Shows how fluid composition changes along the tubule." }, { "name": "Segment transport rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Solute amount/time or water volume/time, with substance, direction and segment specified", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes reabsorption from secretion and identifies where transport was measured." }, { "name": "Juxtaglomerular interface", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Macula densa region and associated vascular components, with identification evidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects distal tubular sensing to local filtration regulation." }, { "name": "Structural and functional condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed integrity, injury, obstruction, atrophy or functional impairment; unknown where unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition assessment while keeping structural observations separate from inferred function." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and annotate nephron segments in tissue images or anatomical reconstructions.", "Trace continuity between a renal corpuscle, its tubule and the collecting-system interface.", "Attach filtration and transport observations to the specific nephron and segment measured.", "Compare segment structure and function across documented biological and experimental contexts.", "Flag evidence of barrier injury, tubular obstruction or transport impairment for expert review.", "Determine whether available evidence supports a unit-level conclusion or only a fragment-level observation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "nephron-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Nephron identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which biological unit is being represented and where its ownership ends.", "rationale": "A glomerulus, tubule profile and collecting duct can otherwise be mistaken for equivalent units.", "layers": [ { "id": "biological-context-and-type", "name": "Biological context and type", "description": "Locates the nephron within an organism and records the anatomical classification being used.", "findings": [ { "id": "context-qualified-nephron-identity", "name": "Context-qualified nephron identity", "description": "Identification should state species, developmental stage and the evidence supporting the assigned nephron type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organism, kidney and developmental stage does this nephron belong to?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "context-qualified-nephron-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which corpuscle location and loop features support its nephron-type classification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "context-qualified-nephron-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "unit-continuity-and-outlet", "name": "Unit continuity and outlet", "description": "Separates a complete nephron from fragments and defines its collecting-system interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-corpuscle-to-tubule-continuity", "name": "Demonstrated corpuscle-to-tubule continuity", "description": "Unit identity depends on supported continuity; the terminal boundary must name the anatomical convention used.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence connects the observed renal corpuscle to the identified tubular segments?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "demonstrated-corpuscle-to-tubule-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "Where is the nephron's terminal boundary placed, and how is the connecting tubule treated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "demonstrated-corpuscle-to-tubule-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "renal-corpuscle-and-filtration", "name": "Renal corpuscle and filtration", "description": "Represents the blood-to-tubular-fluid interface and evidence of filtration.", "rationale": "Filtration distinguishes the nephron's entry process from subsequent tubular modification.", "layers": [ { "id": "filtration-barrier-structure", "name": "Filtration barrier structure", "description": "Records the glomerular endothelium, basement membrane and podocyte interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "barrier-components-and-integrity", "name": "Barrier components and integrity", "description": "Observed barrier structure must be distinguished from an inferred ability to retain blood cells and macromolecules.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which filtration-barrier components are resolved by the observation method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "barrier-components-and-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports intact or altered barrier selectivity in this nephron?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "barrier-components-and-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "single-nephron-filtration", "name": "Single-nephron filtration", "description": "Records filtration rate and the conditions under which it was measured or estimated.", "findings": [ { "id": "unit-specific-filtration-evidence", "name": "Unit-specific filtration evidence", "description": "An individual nephron's filtration rate requires unit-specific evidence or an explicitly labelled estimate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the single-nephron filtration rate, and by which method was it obtained?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "unit-specific-filtration-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which perfusion conditions and assumptions constrain interpretation of this value?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "unit-specific-filtration-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tubular-segments-and-transport", "name": "Tubular segments and transport", "description": "Connects tubular segment identity with fluid and solute handling.", "rationale": "Transport capabilities vary along the nephron, so a whole-unit label cannot describe local processing adequately.", "layers": [ { "id": "proximal-tubular-processing", "name": "Proximal tubular processing", "description": "Records proximal segment identity and evidence of reabsorption or secretion.", "findings": [ { "id": "proximal-transport-observations", "name": "Proximal transport observations", "description": "Proximal transport records should identify the substance, direction, sampling location and evidential basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which morphological or molecular observations identify the proximal segment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "proximal-transport-observations-q01" }, { "text": "Which water or solute fluxes were measured, and do they represent reabsorption or secretion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "proximal-transport-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "loop-and-distal-processing", "name": "Loop and distal processing", "description": "Records loop subdivisions and distal tubular processing before collecting-system entry.", "findings": [ { "id": "segment-resolved-fluid-modification", "name": "Segment-resolved fluid modification", "description": "Loop and distal observations require precise segment labels because water permeability and solute transport differ between segments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which descending, ascending and distal segments are present and securely identified?", "kind": "definition", "id": "segment-resolved-fluid-modification-q01" }, { "text": "How do measured tubular flow, osmolality and solute concentrations change between identified sampling sites?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "segment-resolved-fluid-modification-q02" }, { "text": "Which observed changes occur within this nephron and which occur downstream in the collecting system?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "segment-resolved-fluid-modification-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vascular-coupling-and-local-regulation", "name": "Vascular coupling and local regulation", "description": "Represents the nephron's blood-supply interfaces and local feedback relationships.", "rationale": "Filtration and tubular processing depend on vascular coupling and signals linking distal delivery to the corpuscle.", "layers": [ { "id": "blood-and-interstitial-interfaces", "name": "Blood and interstitial interfaces", "description": "Links the nephron to afferent and efferent arterioles and surrounding exchange environments.", "findings": [ { "id": "vascular-and-exchange-associations", "name": "Vascular and exchange associations", "description": "Associated vessels and interstitial conditions are linked context rather than wholly owned nephron components.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which afferent and efferent arterioles are demonstrably associated with this renal corpuscle?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "vascular-and-exchange-associations-q01" }, { "text": "Which peritubular or medullary vascular observations can be associated with this nephron, and which describe a shared environment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "vascular-and-exchange-associations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "juxtaglomerular-feedback", "name": "Juxtaglomerular feedback", "description": "Records the anatomical feedback interface and evidence of a local regulatory response.", "findings": [ { "id": "distal-sensing-and-filtration-response", "name": "Distal sensing and filtration response", "description": "The presence of a juxtaglomerular interface and demonstration of functional feedback are separate observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What identifies the macula densa region and its relationship to the vascular pole?", "kind": "definition", "id": "distal-sensing-and-filtration-response-q01" }, { "text": "What measured response links altered distal sodium chloride delivery to local vascular or filtration changes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "distal-sensing-and-filtration-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "nephron-condition-and-assessment", "name": "Nephron condition and assessment", "description": "Organises evidence of injury or impairment and constrains the conclusions drawn from it.", "rationale": "Structural damage, reduced filtration and altered transport can diverge and require distinct evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "segment-specific-injury", "name": "Segment-specific injury", "description": "Locates observed abnormalities within the corpuscle or particular tubular segments.", "findings": [ { "id": "localised-structural-and-functional-abnormalities", "name": "Localised structural and functional abnormalities", "description": "Condition records should specify the affected component and avoid treating one abnormal observation as proof of whole-nephron failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components show barrier disruption, epithelial injury, luminal obstruction or atrophy?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "localised-structural-and-functional-abnormalities-q01" }, { "text": "What direct functional evidence accompanies the structural abnormality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "localised-structural-and-functional-abnormalities-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-limits-and-next-observations", "name": "Assessment limits and next observations", "description": "Determines what can be concluded and what additional observation would resolve uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-bounded-nephron-assessment", "name": "Evidence-bounded nephron assessment", "description": "Assessment must account for sampling, preparation effects and the distinction between individual-nephron and whole-kidney evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could fixation, isolation, incomplete reconstruction or sampling location explain the apparent abnormality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-bounded-nephron-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional observation would distinguish structural damage from a reversible change in filtration or transport?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-bounded-nephron-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Which conclusions apply to this nephron alone, and which require independent whole-kidney evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-bounded-nephron-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; the definition and measurements primarily describe human and other mammalian nephrons.", "Check numerical ranges against the intended population and measurement method, especially nephron counts, which vary substantially.", "Confirm the convention used for the connecting tubule and the nephron-collecting-system boundary." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cortical nephrons, with relatively short loops of Henle", "Juxtamedullary nephrons, with long loops of Henle extending deep into the renal medulla" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Foundational Model of Anatomy", "value_or_pattern": "FMA numerical identifier", "note": "An anatomical ontology identifier; the exact nephron identifier requires checking." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Filters plasma while normally retaining blood cells and most plasma proteins.", "Reabsorbs most filtered water and useful solutes, including glucose and amino acids.", "Contributes to electrolyte and acid-base balance through tubular transport.", "Provides the segmental framework for understanding renal physiology and the actions of many diuretics.", "Supports urine concentration through loops of Henle acting with collecting ducts and the medullary circulation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nephron number in one human kidney", "typical_range": "Approximately 1 million, with substantial individual variation", "unit": "nephrons per kidney" }, { "quantity": "Human renal corpuscle diameter", "typical_range": "Approximately 150-250", "unit": "µm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Glomerular filtration barrier injury can permit abnormal passage of proteins or blood cells into urine.", "Ischaemic or toxic tubular injury can impair reabsorption and secretion.", "Tubular transport defects can cause inappropriate losses or retention of electrolytes and other solutes.", "Impaired countercurrent function can reduce urine-concentrating capacity.", "Progressive nephron loss can increase the workload of surviving nephrons and contribute to declining kidney function." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Within the kidney, cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons differ in corpuscle position and loop depth.", "Across vertebrate groups, nephron architecture varies; some fish have aglomerular nephrons, and many vertebrates lack loops of Henle." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "kidney", "difference": "The kidney is an organ containing many nephrons together with collecting ducts, vessels, interstitium and other tissues." }, { "name": "renal corpuscle", "difference": "The renal corpuscle comprises the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule; it is the filtration component of a nephron." }, { "name": "glomerulus", "difference": "The glomerulus is the capillary tuft within the renal corpuscle, not the complete nephron." }, { "name": "renal tubule", "difference": "The renal tubule is the tubular portion of the nephron downstream of Bowman's space; it excludes the renal corpuscle." }, { "name": "collecting duct", "difference": "A collecting duct receives tubular fluid from multiple nephrons and is generally treated as a separate anatomical and developmental system." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of nephron this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the initial model cover human and mammalian nephrons only, or support wider vertebrate variation through explicit anatomical profiles?", "Which anatomical convention should govern inclusion of the connecting tubule and the boundary with the collecting system?", "What minimum evidence should establish that reconstructed tissue profiles belong to one nephron?", "Which methods and context-specific reference ranges are suitable for interpreting single-nephron filtration and segment transport measurements?", "What evidence is sufficient to classify a nephron as persistently nonfunctional rather than temporarily suppressed or inadequately observed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a nephron, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a nephron, record its segment-specific structure and functional state, and distinguish supported assessments from unresolved biological or measurement uncertainty.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: juxtamedullary nephron.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a nephron, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "juxtamedullary nephron" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one nephron from another, and a nephron from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a nephron sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a nephron from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a nephron is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a nephron is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a nephron is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a nephron is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a nephron is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a nephron is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a nephron passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a nephron between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a nephron, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a nephron is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What nephron is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does nephron perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise nephron, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How nephron is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does nephron have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does nephron need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about nephron is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about nephron hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern nephron, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a nephron came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a nephron and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a nephron is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a nephron, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a nephron, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a nephron is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }