{ "model": { "rank": 1496, "code": "thing-q58635", "model_id": "vr.tr.punjabi", "name": "Punjabi", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q58635/", "tier": 2, "score": 143, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Punjabi in India", "Charhdi", "Old Punjabi", "Baar di boli", "Pre-Punjabi", "Lehndi", "Depalpur Punjabi", "Central Punjabi", "permanent residency in Canada", "Bahawalpuri", "Lubanki", "baahar di boli", "Jatki" ], "aliasCount": 13, "merged": 13, "knownIn": 143, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q58635", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58635", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T05:51:18Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q58635", "registryId": "vr.tr.punjabi", "name": "Punjabi", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q58635/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.punjabi", "name": "Punjabi", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.", "definition": "An Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab region spoken by over 100 million people in Pakistan and India and by a large diaspora, written in the Shahmukhi script in Pakistan and the Gurmukhi script in India, with dialects including Majhi, the basis of the standard, the western Lahnda or Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and others, a history from Old Punjabi through the Sikh scriptures to modern literature, and a tonal system unusual among Indo-Aryan languages; Punjabi is an official language of Indian Punjab and, though the most spoken language in Pakistan, has limited official status there.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.", "affordances": [ "explain dialects and scripts", "relay features and history", "describe status", "distinguish from related languages" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Tonal Indo-Aryan", "Two scripts", "Cross-border language", "Rich literary tradition" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; speech and text in Shahmukhi or Gurmukhi.", "visual_identification": [ "Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab", "Majhi standard, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli, Old Punjabi, Punjabi in India", "Hindi and Urdu are related but distinct; Saraiki is often treated as separate; the Punjabi people are the ethnic group" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "speakers", "typical_range": "over 100", "unit": "million", "note": "estimates" }, { "quantity": "tones", "typical_range": "3", "unit": "count", "note": "in most analyses" }, { "quantity": "scripts", "typical_range": "Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "official in Indian Punjab", "typical_range": "yes", "unit": "note", "note": "scheduled language of India" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Majhi and other eastern dialects", "Lehndi or western varieties", "Baar di boli and regional dialects", "Old Punjabi and pre-Punjabi stages", "Punjabi in India and Punjabi in Pakistan", "diaspora Punjabi" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "Punjabi dialects and languages", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "belongs to", "target": "Indo-Aryan languages", "why": "northwestern group" }, { "relation": "is written in", "target": "Gurmukhi", "why": "in India" }, { "relation": "is written in", "target": "Shahmukhi", "why": "in Pakistan" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "pa", "note": "Punjabi" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "pan", "note": "Punjabi" }, { "scheme": "Glottolog", "value_or_pattern": "panj1256", "note": "Eastern Panjabi" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution", "Provincial language policy in Pakistani Punjab, which is debated", "ISO 639 codes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing Punjabi with Hindi or Urdu", "Political framing of script and dialect status", "Conflating the language with the people" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What Punjabi is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is Punjabi, how is it classified, and how does it differ from Hindi, Urdu and Saraiki?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the language, a dialect, a script, the people or a policy dispute?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dialects", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Dialects.", "findings": [ { "id": "dialects-finding", "name": "Dialects", "description": "Dialects.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Majhi, Lehndi varieties, Baar di boli and other dialects differ, and what is the standard based on?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Features and learning.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Phonology and grammar.", "findings": [ { "id": "features-finding", "name": "Features", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the tones, sounds and grammar of Punjabi?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resources", "name": "Resources", "description": "Learning resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "resources-finding", "name": "Resources", "description": "Resources.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dictionaries, courses and corpora exist for Punjabi in both scripts?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scripts", "name": "Scripts", "description": "Scripts and literature.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "scripts", "name": "Scripts", "description": "Scripts.", "findings": [ { "id": "scripts-finding", "name": "Scripts", "description": "Scripts.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi work, and how did the script divide arise, as historians describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Gurmukhi?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "literature", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "findings": [ { "id": "literature-finding", "name": "Literature", "description": "Literature.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the Sufi, Sikh and modern literary traditions of Punjabi, from Old Punjabi onward?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Punjabi literature?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Status and diaspora.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "status", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Status.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the status of Punjabi in India and Pakistan, and what debates surround it, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diaspora", "name": "Diaspora", "description": "Diaspora.", "findings": [ { "id": "diaspora-finding", "name": "Diaspora", "description": "Diaspora.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is Punjabi maintained in the diaspora in the UK, Canada and elsewhere?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Punjabi diaspora?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Lahnda be separate primary entries?", "How should linguistic sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects and stages; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Punjabi, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the Punjabi language and its dialects and scripts, relay phonology, grammar and history from linguistic sources with attribution, describe its status in Pakistan and India and the diaspora, and distinguish Punjabi from Hindi, Urdu and neighbouring languages and from the Punjabi people.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Punjabi in India, Charhdi, Old Punjabi, Baar di boli, Pre-Punjabi, Lehndi, Depalpur Punjabi, Central Punjabi, permanent residency in Canada, Bahawalpuri, Lubanki, baahar di boli.", "13 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 143 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Punjabi, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Punjabi in India", "Charhdi", "Old Punjabi", "Baar di boli", "Pre-Punjabi", "Lehndi", "Depalpur Punjabi", "Central Punjabi", "permanent residency in Canada", "Bahawalpuri", "Lubanki", "baahar di boli" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 143 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 13 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Punjabi from another, and a Punjabi from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Punjabi sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Punjabi from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Punjabi passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Punjabi between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Punjabi, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Punjabi is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Punjabi says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Punjabi contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Punjabi and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Punjabi a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Punjabi, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Punjabi exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Punjabi and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Punjabi, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Punjabi, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Punjabi came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Punjabi and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Punjabi is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Punjabi, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Punjabi, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Punjabi is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }