{ "model": { "rank": 999, "code": "thing-q589", "model_id": "vr.tr.black-hole", "name": "black hole", "purpose": "Let an agent describe black holes by mass class, properties, evidence and location, and separate established physics from speculation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.SPC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q589/", "tier": 2, "score": 203, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "supermassive black hole", "stellar black hole", "direct collapse black hole", "intermediate-mass black hole", "rotating black hole", "rogue black hole", "primordial black hole", "outsize black hole galaxy", "charged black hole", "perturbed black hole", "extremal black hole", "kugelblitz", "Schwarzschild black hole", "BTZ black hole", "micro black hole", "Kaluza–Klein black hole", "MTZ black hole", "RBH-1", "ultramassive black hole", "Kerr black hole", "Kerr–Newman black hole", "Virtual black hole" ], "aliasCount": 22, "merged": 22, "knownIn": 203, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.black-hole", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q589", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:00:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q589", "registryId": "vr.tr.black-hole", "name": "black hole", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.SPC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q589/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.black-hole", "name": "black hole", "purpose": "Let an agent describe black holes by mass class, properties, evidence and location, and separate established physics from speculation.", "definition": "A region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from inside its event horizon, formed from collapsed stars or in galactic centres.", "what_it_is_for": "Black holes test gravity, power quasars and shape galaxies.", "affordances": [ "detect it, indirectly through orbits, accretion, gravitational waves or imaging of its shadow", "measure its mass and spin", "catalogue it", "model it, with general relativity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Event horizon from which nothing escapes", "Described by mass, spin and charge", "Stellar, intermediate and supermassive classes", "Primordial black holes are hypothetical" ], "appearance": "Invisible itself; seen as a dark shadow against glowing accreting gas, as in Event Horizon Telescope images, or by effects on nearby stars.", "visual_identification": [ "Stars orbiting an unseen mass", "X-ray emission from accretion discs", "Gravitational wave signals from mergers" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "stellar black hole mass", "typical_range": "3-100", "unit": "solar masses", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "supermassive mass", "typical_range": "10^5 to 10^10", "unit": "solar masses", "note": "Sagittarius A* about 4 million" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "stellar black holes", "intermediate-mass", "supermassive", "primordial (hypothetical)", "rotating (Kerr) black holes" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "astronomical object", "why": "compact object" }, { "relation": "forms from", "target": "star", "why": "stellar collapse" }, { "relation": "is at the centre of", "target": "galaxy", "why": "supermassive black holes" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "neutron star", "why": "another compact remnant" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "source designation", "value_or_pattern": "catalogue names such as Cygnus X-1, Sagittarius A*", "note": "names of objects" }, { "scheme": "gravitational wave event", "value_or_pattern": "GW plus date", "note": "merger events" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IAU nomenclature" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Presenting speculation as established", "Misleading popular claims about danger to Earth" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Which black hole.", "rationale": "Black holes are known by their host sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation", "name": "Designation", "description": "Source name.", "findings": [ { "id": "designation-finding", "name": "Designation", "description": "Names and catalogues.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source is this black hole associated with?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is its black hole nature confirmed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "class", "name": "Class", "description": "Mass class.", "findings": [ { "id": "class-finding", "name": "Class", "description": "The mass class.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mass class does it belong to?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How did it form?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Mass and spin.", "rationale": "Mass and spin define a black hole.", "layers": [ { "id": "mass", "name": "Mass", "description": "Measured mass.", "findings": [ { "id": "mass-finding", "name": "Mass", "description": "Mass and method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is its mass, by which method?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "What is the uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spin", "name": "Spin", "description": "Rotation.", "findings": [ { "id": "spin-finding", "name": "Spin", "description": "Spin estimate.", "questions": [ { "text": "How fast does it spin?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How was spin estimated?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence", "name": "Evidence", "description": "How we know.", "rationale": "Evidence is indirect and must be graded.", "layers": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Orbits, accretion, waves, imaging.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Evidence", "description": "Evidence type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations establish it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Could another object explain them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Observatories.", "findings": [ { "id": "data-finding", "name": "Data", "description": "Observatories involved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observatories provided the data?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where is it published?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "communication", "name": "Communication", "description": "Explaining black holes.", "rationale": "Popular accounts often exaggerate.", "layers": [ { "id": "accuracy", "name": "Accuracy", "description": "Established vs speculative.", "findings": [ { "id": "accuracy-finding", "name": "Status of claims", "description": "Established and speculative claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which claims are established physics and which speculation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should that be signposted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "risk", "name": "Risk myths", "description": "Danger to Earth.", "findings": [ { "id": "risk-finding", "name": "Risk", "description": "Actual risk.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this black hole pose any risk to Earth?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should alarmist claims be corrected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should black hole classes be separate entries?", "How should hypothetical objects be marked?", "How should indirect evidence be graded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a black hole, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe black holes by mass class, properties, evidence and location, and separate established physics from speculation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "cosmic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: supermassive black hole, stellar black hole, direct collapse black hole, intermediate-mass black hole, rotating black hole, rogue black hole, primordial black hole, outsize black hole galaxy, charged black hole, perturbed black hole, extremal black hole, kugelblitz.", "22 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 203 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a black hole, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "On an astronomical scale.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "supermassive black hole", "stellar black hole", "direct collapse black hole", "intermediate-mass black hole", "rotating black hole", "rogue black hole", "primordial black hole", "outsize black hole galaxy", "charged black hole", "perturbed black hole", "extremal black hole", "kugelblitz" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 203 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 22 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one black hole from another, and a black hole from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a black hole sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a black hole from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a black hole is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at cosmic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a black hole is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a black hole is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a black hole is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a black hole is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a black hole is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a black hole passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a black hole between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a black hole, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a black hole is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where black hole is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes black hole, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is black hole known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What black hole sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain black hole, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use black hole, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a black hole came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a black hole and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a black hole is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a black hole, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a black hole, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a black hole is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 15, "findings": 17, "questions": 47 } } } }