{ "model": { "rank": 6831, "code": "thing-q58910", "model_id": "vr.tr.holstein", "name": "Holstein", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Holstein dairy cattle, assess their breeding and management context, and identify actions appropriate to their documented identity, life stage, health and production state.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q58910/", "tier": 2, "score": 58, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 58, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q58910", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58910", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:35:58Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08886-3d13-7723-96dd-54c8051d8f67\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Holstein\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08886-3d23-7051-97d5-38a37bb48ba6\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Holstein\nRegistry id: vr.tr.holstein\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q58910", "registryId": "vr.tr.holstein", "name": "Holstein", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q58910/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.holstein", "name": "Holstein", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Holstein dairy cattle, assess their breeding and management context, and identify actions appropriate to their documented identity, life stage, health and production state.", "definition": "Holstein is a dairy cattle breed of European taurine cattle (Bos taurus), developed from cattle of the Netherlands and northern Germany and selected primarily for high milk yield.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Holstein as a domestic cattle breed and the breed-specific evidence needed to describe its populations and individual animals; it provisionally interprets the registry name as cattle rather than the geographic region and leaves jurisdiction-specific Holstein-Friesian boundaries unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Holstein breed identity, ancestry and registration evidence", "Relationships between the breed, breeding populations, herds and individual animals", "Life stages, reproductive state and lactation state", "Dairy performance interpreted against management and environmental conditions", "Breed-relevant genetic selection, health, welfare and adaptation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Holstein as a geographic or historical region", "Domestic cattle taxonomy and anatomy except where needed to establish breed identity", "Other dairy breeds and crossbreeds as independent breed models", "Milk, beef and other cattle products after separation from the animal", "Dairy farm businesses, buildings and milking machinery as independent entities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is a domestic cattle breed, not a species, individual animal or geographic region.", "Recorded ancestry and the applicable breed registry provide stronger identity evidence than black-and-white coat pattern alone.", "A red-and-white coat does not by itself exclude Holstein identity; the relevant registry's recognition rules must be checked.", "Holstein ancestry in a crossbred animal does not automatically establish purebred or registered Holstein status.", "Holstein and Friesian labels require interpretation against the named breeding population or registry rather than automatic treatment as interchangeable terms." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Entity level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "breed | breeding population | herd | individual animal", "why_it_matters": "Prevents breed averages, herd observations and individual measurements from being treated as equivalent." }, { "name": "Breed identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "animal or population linked to registry, pedigree, ancestry evidence and verification date", "why_it_matters": "Makes identification auditable without relying on appearance." }, { "name": "Recorded Holstein ancestry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "percentage, with pedigree or genomic estimation method; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes ancestry estimates from registration categories and supports crossbreeding decisions." }, { "name": "Coat phenotype", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "black-and-white | red-and-white | other recorded phenotype | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports description and identity checks without treating colour as sufficient proof of breed." }, { "name": "Life and reproductive stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "age, sex, parity, pregnancy status and calf/heifer/adult stage", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether breeding, lactation and growth assessments apply." }, { "name": "Lactation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not yet lactated | lactating | dry; days in milk and calving date where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Provides the context needed to interpret dairy performance and feeding requirements." }, { "name": "Milk output and composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/day or kg over a stated lactation interval; fat and protein percentage", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison only when recording interval, parity and production conditions are known." }, { "name": "Udder health indicators", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "somatic cell count in cells/mL and clinical mastitis events over a stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Adds health context to milk records and identifies observations requiring follow-up." }, { "name": "Body size and condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "live mass in kg; body condition score with named scoring scale", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of growth, nutrition and changes across lactation." }, { "name": "Genetic evaluation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "animal linked to trait estimates, evaluation system, reference population, reliability and release date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents breeding values from different systems or dates being compared without qualification." }, { "name": "Management and thermal exposure", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "animal or herd linked to diet, housing, grazing, cooling and dated environmental observations", "why_it_matters": "Helps separate genetic potential from the conditions under which health and performance are observed." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether Holstein identification is supported and flag unresolved registry or ancestry evidence.", "Compare dairy performance within explicitly matched lactation, parity and management contexts.", "Identify changes in condition, locomotion, udder health or thermal response that warrant animal-care review.", "Compare breeding candidates using documented fertility, health, production, relatedness and genetic-test evidence.", "Track animals through growth, breeding, calving, lactation and dry periods to support stage-appropriate management." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "breed-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Breed identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what the Holstein label denotes and which evidence supports its application.", "rationale": "Appearance, ancestry, registration and regional naming conventions can assign different meanings to the same label.", "layers": [ { "id": "breed-concept", "name": "Breed concept", "description": "Separates Holstein breed identity from species identity and regional terminology.", "findings": [ { "id": "holstein-naming-boundary", "name": "Holstein naming boundary", "description": "Record the authority and population context governing use of Holstein, Friesian or Holstein-Friesian.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which breed authority or population definition establishes what Holstein means in this record?", "kind": "definition", "id": "holstein-naming-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does that authority distinguish Holstein from Friesian or Holstein-Friesian, and on what basis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "holstein-naming-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-identification", "name": "Individual identification", "description": "Connects an animal's identity to breed evidence and descriptive phenotype.", "findings": [ { "id": "ancestry-registration-and-appearance", "name": "Ancestry, registration and appearance", "description": "Keep animal identification, ancestry estimates, registration class and coat phenotype distinct.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which animal identifier links the pedigree, registration record and any genomic ancestry evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ancestry-registration-and-appearance-q01" }, { "text": "Is the animal registered Holstein, unregistered with documented ancestry, crossbred or identified only by appearance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ancestry-registration-and-appearance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-course-and-reproduction", "name": "Life course and reproduction", "description": "Represents development and reproductive transitions that govern Holstein dairy management.", "rationale": "A calf, replacement heifer, breeding bull and lactating cow require different interpretations and actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-replacement", "name": "Growth and replacement", "description": "Tracks development before entry into breeding or the milking herd.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-readiness", "name": "Developmental readiness", "description": "Assess growth and breeding readiness using individual measurements and a stated population reference.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the animal's age, sex, live mass and body condition, and how were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally applicable Holstein growth and health criteria guide a decision to breed or retain this animal as a replacement?", "kind": "action", "id": "developmental-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calving-and-lactation-transitions", "name": "Calving and lactation transitions", "description": "Places reproductive events alongside the lactation cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-timeline", "name": "Reproductive timeline", "description": "Connect service, pregnancy, calving, parity and dry-period records without inferring reproductive state from milk output.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated evidence establishes service history, pregnancy status, calving history and current parity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-timeline-q01" }, { "text": "Which recorded transition or complication requires reassessment of breeding, calving or dry-period management?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-timeline-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "dairy-performance-and-context", "name": "Dairy performance and context", "description": "Makes Holstein production records interpretable across animals and management systems.", "rationale": "Milk volume alone cannot establish performance, efficiency or suitability for a particular dairy system.", "layers": [ { "id": "lactation-records", "name": "Lactation records", "description": "Defines comparable milk production and composition observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-milk-performance", "name": "Comparable milk performance", "description": "Associate output and solids with recording method, lactation interval, parity and days in milk.", "questions": [ { "text": "What milk mass, fat and protein measurements are available, and over which exact recording interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-milk-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Are comparisons based on observed or standardised lactation records, and which adjustments were applied?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparable-milk-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nutrition-and-production-system", "name": "Nutrition and production system", "description": "Connects measured performance to feeding, milking and environmental conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "performance-under-recorded-management", "name": "Performance under recorded management", "description": "Interpret production alongside intake evidence, body condition change and the management system.", "questions": [ { "text": "What diet, estimated or measured dry-matter intake, milking frequency and housing or grazing conditions accompany the record?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "performance-under-recorded-management-q01" }, { "text": "Does a proposed production increase remain appropriate given this animal's condition, health and available feed?", "kind": "action", "id": "performance-under-recorded-management-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-welfare-and-adaptation", "name": "Health, welfare and adaptation", "description": "Assesses whether Holstein animals are maintaining health and coping with their production environment.", "rationale": "Dairy output must be interpreted alongside individual welfare and the demands imposed by lactation and climate.", "layers": [ { "id": "udder-locomotion-and-transition-health", "name": "Udder, locomotion and transition health", "description": "Connects routine observations with clinical records across the dairy cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-evidence-beyond-yield", "name": "Health evidence beyond yield", "description": "Track udder indicators, locomotion, body condition and recorded disorders without treating breed membership as a diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated somatic cell counts, mastitis events, locomotion scores and transition-period health observations are available?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "health-evidence-beyond-yield-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed changes meet the herd's documented criteria for prompt veterinary or husbandry review?", "kind": "action", "id": "health-evidence-beyond-yield-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-and-system-fit", "name": "Thermal and system fit", "description": "Assesses responses to climate and the suitability of the local management system.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-environmental-tolerance", "name": "Observed environmental tolerance", "description": "Evaluate environmental suitability through animal responses and exposure records rather than a universal breed threshold.", "questions": [ { "text": "What thermal exposure, respiration, behaviour, water-access and production observations indicate how these Holsteins are coping?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-environmental-tolerance-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed responses justify changing cooling, shade, water provision or handling schedules?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-environmental-tolerance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "breeding-and-population-stewardship", "name": "Breeding and population stewardship", "description": "Supports selection while distinguishing individual breeding decisions from population-level genetic status.", "rationale": "Holstein breeding decisions need compatible evaluations, explicit objectives and evidence about relatedness and inherited variants.", "layers": [ { "id": "selection-objectives", "name": "Selection objectives", "description": "Interprets genetic evaluations against the intended dairy system.", "findings": [ { "id": "balanced-genetic-selection", "name": "Balanced genetic selection", "description": "Record how production, fertility, longevity, health and conformation contribute to a breeding decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evaluation system, release date, reference population and reliability accompany each candidate's breeding values?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "balanced-genetic-selection-q01" }, { "text": "How does the chosen selection objective balance milk and solids with fertility, health and longevity in the target herd?", "kind": "action", "id": "balanced-genetic-selection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "relatedness-and-inherited-variation", "name": "Relatedness and inherited variation", "description": "Tracks mating compatibility and genetic diversity using documented evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "mating-and-population-risk", "name": "Mating and population risk", "description": "Keep carrier status, individual disease, mating risk and population diversity as separate assessments.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which validated genetic tests and pedigree or genomic relatedness estimates are available for the proposed parents?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mating-and-population-risk-q01" }, { "text": "Would the proposed mating create an avoidable inherited-condition risk or conflict with the programme's documented inbreeding limits?", "kind": "action", "id": "mating-and-population-risk-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The cattle-breed sense is inferred from PHY.LIV because no explicit sense was recorded.", "Holstein, Holstein-Friesian and Friesian boundaries depend on regional usage and registry rules; coat colour alone cannot establish breed identity.", "These are recalled facts, not researched findings; verify production ranges and current registry rules. No breed-specific taxonomy identifier or conservation assessment is asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Black-and-white Holstein", "Red-and-white Holstein" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Breed herdbook registration", "value_or_pattern": "Registration number assigned by a national breed association", "note": "Identifies an individual animal and its pedigree; numbering and eligibility rules vary by association." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "9913", "note": "Identifies Bos taurus, the species containing Holstein cattle, not the Holstein breed itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Holstein Association USA herdbook registration rules govern registration in its breed registry.", "International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR) guidelines cover cattle identification, milk recording and performance recording." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Commercial milk production", "Pedigree breeding and genetic selection", "Crossbreeding to increase dairy production", "Beef production from surplus calves and culled adult cattle" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature cow live weight", "typical_range": "Approximately 600-750, depending on strain, condition and management", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Milk yield per standardized 305-day lactation", "typical_range": "Approximately 8000-12000 in well-managed intensive dairy herds; substantial variation outside this range", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Gestation length", "typical_range": "Approximately 278-285", "unit": "days" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Mastitis can impair udder health and milk quality.", "Lameness can compromise welfare, mobility and production.", "Early lactation can involve negative energy balance and metabolic disorders such as ketosis.", "Heat stress can reduce feed intake, fertility and milk production.", "Difficult calving can endanger both cow and calf." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Holstein is the usual North American name; Holstein-Friesian is also widely used internationally.", "British Friesian and some other Friesian populations have distinct breeding histories and should not automatically be treated as identical to modern Holsteins.", "Production, body size and adaptation vary with national breeding objectives, climate and feeding systems." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Bos taurus", "difference": "The species includes many breeds; Holstein is a breed within it, not a separate species." }, { "name": "British Friesian", "difference": "A related cattle population with a distinct breeding history and greater emphasis on combined milk and beef characteristics." }, { "name": "Jersey", "difference": "A separate dairy breed, generally smaller and associated with milk containing higher fat and protein percentages." }, { "name": "Holstein crossbred", "difference": "Has Holstein ancestry combined with another breed; ancestry alone does not establish eligibility for a particular Holstein herdbook." }, { "name": "Holstein", "difference": "The geographic region is a different sense; the PHY.LIV domain supports interpreting this entry as the cattle breed." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Holstein this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which source establishes that vr.tr.holstein denotes the cattle breed, and which existing cattle model should supply its broader biological characteristics?", "Which authoritative breed definitions should govern Holstein, Friesian and Holstein-Friesian naming across the intended jurisdictions?", "Which parent-species taxonomic authority and identifiers apply, and do the selected taxonomy services distinguish the breed from the species?", "What authoritative evidence establishes breed origin, present distribution and population diversity, and which domestic breed conservation framework is applicable?", "Which population-specific references and recording standards should govern ancestry classes, growth targets, lactation comparisons, health interpretation and genetic screening?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Holstein, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Holstein dairy cattle, assess their breeding and management context, and identify actions appropriate to their documented identity, life stage, health and production state.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Holstein, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 58 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Holstein from another, and a Holstein from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Holstein sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Holstein from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Holstein is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Holstein and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Holstein is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Holstein is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Holstein is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Holstein moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Holstein passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Holstein between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Holstein, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Holstein is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Holstein is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Holstein, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Holstein from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Holstein from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Holstein does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Holstein pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Holstein judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Holstein lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Holstein, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Holstein hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Holstein came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Holstein and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Holstein is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Holstein, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Holstein, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Holstein is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }