{ "model": { "rank": 3741, "code": "thing-q60242", "model_id": "vr.tr.ichthyology", "name": "ichthyology", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise ichthyology as a field of knowledge, assess the scope and evidential basis of its claims, and select appropriate research, comparison and referral actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q60242/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "fish genetics", "fish physiology and genetics", "fish physiology", "lepidology", "Jaws suspension" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q60242", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60242", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:02:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c62-ebe7-7aa3-ab47-8c82a0d837c6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ichthyology\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c62-ebf7-7ef3-beda-98e3054120d6\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ichthyology\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ichthyology\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q60242", "registryId": "vr.tr.ichthyology", "name": "ichthyology", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q60242/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ichthyology", "name": "ichthyology", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise ichthyology as a field of knowledge, assess the scope and evidential basis of its claims, and select appropriate research, comparison and referral actions.", "definition": "Ichthyology is the branch of zoology concerned with the scientific study of fishes, including their diversity, classification, anatomy, physiology, evolution, behaviour and ecology.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the disciplinary identity of ichthyology, registered as vr.tr.ichthyology in INF / INF.KNW, including its study of fishes, research methods, evidential conventions and relationships with neighbouring fields; it does not own the fishes, practitioners or publications themselves.", "in_scope": [ "The convention defining which living and extinct organisms count as fishes for an ichthyological investigation", "Research into fish diversity, classification, evolutionary relationships, anatomy, physiology, behaviour and ecology", "Methods for observing, collecting, identifying and comparing fishes and evidence derived from them", "Standards connecting ichthyological claims to specimens, observations, datasets and taxonomic interpretations", "Institutional and knowledge-classification conventions that identify work as ichthyology" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual fish organisms, populations and species as independently modelled biological entities", "Ichthyologists, research institutions, journals and collections as people, organisations or information resources", "Commercial fishing operations, aquaculture production and seafood supply chains", "Aquatic ecosystems as whole systems, including their non-fish components", "Conservation policy, fisheries allocation and animal-research regulation as governance systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its organising subject is fishes under an explicit inclusion convention; studying aquatic organisms generally is insufficient to identify work as ichthyology.", "It can encompass freshwater, marine and other fish habitats, so marine location is neither a requirement nor a sufficient test.", "A study organised around understanding fish biology can be ichthyological without addressing harvest, stock allocation or production; those objectives establish additional connections to fisheries science or aquaculture.", "It is a discipline with research questions and evidential practices, rather than a collection of fish species, a profession or a body of publications.", "A fish fossil study enters its scope through questions about fish identity, biology or evolution, while fossilisation and geological context also require palaeontological models." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Fish inclusion convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named and versioned convention specifying included and excluded organism groups", "why_it_matters": "Makes the field's biological boundary explicit instead of treating the everyday word fish as an unambiguous taxonomic unit." }, { "name": "Taxonomic coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to included taxa under an identified taxonomic reference", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a narrowly bounded investigation from claims about fishes generally." }, { "name": "Research emphasis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Systematics; evolution; morphology; physiology; behaviour; ecology; biogeography; combinations stated explicitly", "why_it_matters": "Determines which questions, methods and standards of evidence are relevant." }, { "name": "Biological scale", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Molecular; tissue or organ; organism; population; species; assemblage; evolutionary lineage", "why_it_matters": "Prevents evidence at one scale from silently supporting claims at another." }, { "name": "Habitat coverage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Freshwater; marine; brackish; transitions among habitats; other conditions explicitly described", "why_it_matters": "Limits ecological comparisons and identifies environmental conditions needed to interpret observations." }, { "name": "Evidence basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Preserved specimens; living observations; images; anatomical measurements; sequence data; environmental DNA; fossils; experimental results", "why_it_matters": "Shows what can be checked and which identification or inference limitations apply." }, { "name": "Identification resolution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Resolved to a stated taxonomic rank; provisional; conflicting; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether evidence supports species-level comparisons or requires a coarser interpretation." }, { "name": "Disciplinary recognition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to verified classification entries, society remits, journal scopes, curricula or reference works, with dates or editions", "why_it_matters": "Supports a documented account of the field's boundaries without equating the field with any single institution." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a proposed investigation as ichthyological, adjacent or jointly situated using its organisms, questions and disciplinary convention.", "Map a fish-focused question to suitable observational, specimen-based, molecular or experimental methods.", "Trace a claim about fishes to its identification basis, evidence and applicable taxonomic interpretation.", "Assess whether studies are comparable across taxa, life stages, habitats and sampling methods.", "Identify where specialist taxonomic review, additional evidence or referral to fisheries science, ecology or palaeontology is needed.", "Flag handling, collection, data-access and sensitive-locality constraints before proposing research actions." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "fish-subject-and-disciplinary-boundaries", "name": "Fish subject and disciplinary boundaries", "description": "Defines what makes an investigation ichthyological and which biological and disciplinary boundaries it adopts.", "rationale": "An agent must identify the field through its subject and questions without confusing it with all aquatic science or assuming that fish has a single self-evident taxonomic meaning.", "layers": [ { "id": "fish-inclusion", "name": "Fish inclusion", "description": "Records the organism groups and temporal coverage admitted by the adopted convention.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-fish-boundary", "name": "Explicit fish boundary", "description": "The model must record which organism groups are treated as fishes and how extinct forms and disputed placements are handled.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference or disciplinary convention defines fishes for this scope, and which groups does it include?", "kind": "definition", "id": "explicit-fish-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "How are extinct forms and organisms near the adopted inclusion boundary assigned or excluded?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "explicit-fish-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-disciplines", "name": "Neighbouring disciplines", "description": "Locates ichthyology relative to broader biological fields and applied fish sciences.", "findings": [ { "id": "question-based-disciplinary-placement", "name": "Question-based disciplinary placement", "description": "Placement must consider the research question as well as the presence of fishes, allowing justified overlap with fisheries science, aquaculture, aquatic ecology and palaeontology.", "questions": [ { "text": "What question about fish identity, biology or evolution makes this work ichthyological?", "kind": "definition", "id": "question-based-disciplinary-placement-q01" }, { "text": "Which parts of the work belong to neighbouring disciplines, and which named convention supports that division?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "question-based-disciplinary-placement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fish-diversity-and-biological-explanation", "name": "Fish diversity and biological explanation", "description": "Organises the kinds of biological questions the field asks and the limits of their interpretation.", "rationale": "Recognising ichthyology requires more than identifying its organisms; the model must distinguish taxonomic, evolutionary and functional questions about them.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity-and-evolution", "name": "Identity and evolution", "description": "Connects fish identification, species delimitation, nomenclature and evolutionary interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "taxonomic-interpretation", "name": "Taxonomic interpretation", "description": "The model must distinguish an identification under an existing classification from a proposal to change species boundaries, names or evolutionary relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the work identifying fishes, delimiting taxa, resolving names or estimating evolutionary relationships?", "kind": "definition", "id": "taxonomic-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "Which taxonomic reference, diagnostic evidence and alternative interpretations support the assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "taxonomic-interpretation-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence or specialist review is needed before revising the assignment?", "kind": "action", "id": "taxonomic-interpretation-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-environment", "name": "Function and environment", "description": "Frames investigations of fish anatomy, physiology, behaviour, life histories and environmental relationships.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-biological-comparison", "name": "Bounded biological comparison", "description": "Biological comparisons must specify the fish groups, life stages, traits and environmental conditions to which their interpretation applies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fish trait or process is investigated, and at what biological scale?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bounded-biological-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "How are life stage, body size, sex where relevant, temperature, salinity and other material conditions measured or controlled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bounded-biological-comparison-q02" }, { "text": "What limits extension of the result to other fish groups, habitats or life stages?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-biological-comparison-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fish-evidence-and-inference", "name": "Fish evidence and inference", "description": "Specifies how observations of fishes become traceable and appropriately bounded research claims.", "rationale": "Fish identification, detectability and sampling conditions can determine what a study actually supports, so evidence lineage and inference limits need explicit treatment.", "layers": [ { "id": "specimens-and-observations", "name": "Specimens and observations", "description": "Connects reported fishes to examinable material or documented observation records.", "findings": [ { "id": "identification-evidence-chain", "name": "Identification evidence chain", "description": "Each identification-dependent claim needs a traceable connection to its specimen, image, sequence or observation and an account of how the identification was made.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which voucher, image, sequence or observation record supports the fish identification, and how can it be examined?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identification-evidence-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Which characters or analytical procedure support the identification, and what uncertainty remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "identification-evidence-chain-q02" }, { "text": "How should dependent claims be reviewed if the specimen is reidentified or the taxonomic reference changes?", "kind": "action", "id": "identification-evidence-chain-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampling-and-detection", "name": "Sampling and detection", "description": "Records how collection and detection methods shape estimates of occurrence, abundance and diversity.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-dependent-observation", "name": "Method-dependent observation", "description": "An agent must assess what a fish survey can detect and distinguish non-detection from evidence of absence, including when interpreting environmental DNA.", "questions": [ { "text": "What gear or detection method, sampling effort, season, depth and habitat coverage produced the records?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-dependent-observation-q01" }, { "text": "How were selectivity, detection probability and contamination risks evaluated where relevant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "method-dependent-observation-q02" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support occurrence, local presence, abundance or absence, and which of those interpretations remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "method-dependent-observation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "disciplinary-recognition-and-research-action", "name": "Disciplinary recognition and research action", "description": "Connects the field to documented institutional conventions and to conditions governing fish research.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence for disciplinary recognition and must distinguish scientific relevance from permission or readiness to undertake a research action.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutional-and-classification-markers", "name": "Institutional and classification markers", "description": "Records external conventions that name, classify or sustain ichthyology.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers", "name": "Verified disciplinary markers", "description": "Classification codes, society remits, journal scopes, curricula and defining references must be recorded from inspected sources, with their dates or editions and coverage limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspected classification entries, society remits, journal scopes or curricula explicitly recognise ichthyology?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers-q01" }, { "text": "Which scheme and edition support each classification code, and is the entry specific to ichthyology or broader?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers-q02" }, { "text": "Which handbook or review is being used to define the field's subject and methods?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-disciplinary-markers-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "research-readiness-and-constraints", "name": "Research readiness and constraints", "description": "Identifies conditions relevant to collecting, handling, studying and disclosing information about fishes.", "findings": [ { "id": "fish-research-action-readiness", "name": "Fish research action readiness", "description": "Proposed actions must link to applicable collection, animal-care, access, biosecurity and sensitive-location requirements rather than treating disciplinary membership as authorisation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What collection, handling, transport, destructive sampling or data-disclosure action is proposed?", "kind": "action", "id": "fish-research-action-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which current institutional, collection-owner and jurisdictional requirements apply to the fish groups, material and locations involved?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fish-research-action-readiness-q02" }, { "text": "What verified permissions, competence and safeguards are required before the action can proceed?", "kind": "action", "id": "fish-research-action-readiness-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted.", "The listed kinds are overlapping research specializations, not a universally standardized subdivision of the discipline.", "The conventional scope includes jawless, cartilaginous and bony fishes; exact classification wording and applicable regulatory requirements should be checked before formal use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Systematic and taxonomic ichthyology", "Evolutionary ichthyology", "Fish anatomy and morphology", "Fish physiology", "Fish ecology", "Paleoichthyology" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "value_or_pattern": "597", "note": "The class for fishes; a library subject classification, not a unique identifier for the discipline." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs the scientific naming of fishes as animals.", "CITES, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, controls international trade in specimens of listed fish taxa, including some research specimens." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Identifying and describing fish species and maintaining reference collections.", "Reconstructing fish evolutionary relationships and interpreting fossil fishes.", "Documenting freshwater and marine biodiversity and geographic distributions.", "Providing biological evidence for fisheries management and species conservation.", "Investigating fish adaptations, environmental responses and habitat requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Species misidentification, especially among cryptic species or juvenile life stages, can invalidate ecological and conservation conclusions.", "Sampling gear, season and habitat accessibility can bias estimates of fish diversity and abundance.", "Preservation can alter colour, dimensions and molecular material, limiting subsequent comparisons.", "Collecting and handling can injure fishes or disturb vulnerable populations; specimen transfers can spread pathogens.", "Treating fishes as a single clade excluding tetrapods misrepresents their evolutionary relationships." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Research emphasis varies with regional fish diversity, freshwater systems, marine habitats and fisheries.", "Collecting permits, animal research requirements and specimen export rules vary by jurisdiction.", "Common fish names vary across languages and regions and may refer to different species." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Zoology", "difference": "Zoology studies animals generally; ichthyology specializes in fishes." }, { "name": "Fisheries science", "difference": "Fisheries science focuses on exploited aquatic populations and fisheries systems; ichthyology includes fish biology regardless of exploitation." }, { "name": "Marine biology", "difference": "Marine biology is delimited by marine environments and includes many organisms; ichthyology is delimited by fishes and includes freshwater species." }, { "name": "Limnology", "difference": "Limnology studies inland waters as physical, chemical and biological systems; ichthyology studies fishes within and beyond those systems." }, { "name": "Aquaculture", "difference": "Aquaculture concerns cultivating aquatic organisms; ichthyology concerns scientific knowledge of fishes, including wild populations." }, { "name": "Ichthyologist", "difference": "An ichthyologist is a practitioner; ichthyology is the field of knowledge and inquiry." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ichthyology this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative definition should supply the missing registry definition, and how explicitly should it describe the conventional biological scope of fishes?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover ichthyology or an equivalent concept, requiring a link instead of a separate publication?", "Which exact classification codes and editions recognise ichthyology, and how do their boundaries differ?", "Which inspected societies, journal scopes, curricula and defining handbooks best document the field across regions and research traditions?", "Which evidence standards should be treated as shared across ichthyology, and which require separate treatment for specimen taxonomy, environmental DNA, experiments and fossil research?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ichthyology, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise ichthyology as a field of knowledge, assess the scope and evidential basis of its claims, and select appropriate research, comparison and referral actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: fish genetics, fish physiology and genetics, fish physiology, lepidology, Jaws suspension.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ichthyology, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "fish genetics", "fish physiology and genetics", "fish physiology", "lepidology", "Jaws suspension" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ichthyology from another, and a ichthyology from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ichthyology sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ichthyology from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ichthyology passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ichthyology between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ichthyology, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ichthyology is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a ichthyology says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a ichthyology contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a ichthyology and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What ichthyology studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does ichthyology take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does ichthyology establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where ichthyology is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark ichthyology as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place ichthyology, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ichthyology came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ichthyology and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ichthyology is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ichthyology, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ichthyology, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ichthyology is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }