{ "model": { "rank": 1061, "code": "thing-q6223", "model_id": "vr.tr.fascism", "name": "fascism", "purpose": "Let an agent describe fascism as a historical and political science subject with attributed scholarship, present its history and consequences accurately, handle contemporary applications of the label neutrally with attribution, and refuse to promote it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q6223/", "tier": 2, "score": 189, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Falangism", "national syndicalism", "Fascist mysticism", "Falangism in Latin America", "Fascist syndicalism", "Positive Christianity", "Brazilian integralism", "occultism in Nazism", "Nazism", "Rexism", "Nazism in Mexico", "Nazism in Sweden", "neo-Nazism", "Nazism in Chile", "Nazism in Brazil", "nazifascism", "Strasserism", "Neo-Nazism in the United States", "esoteric neo-Nazism", "Nipster", "neo-Nazism in Russia", "Neo-Nazism in Canada", "proto-fascism", "successor ideology", "clerical fascism", "Jewish fascism", "Arab fascism", "Confucian fascism", "Emperor-system fascism", "Russian fascism", "Svetosavlje nationalism", "crypto-fascism", "Hindutva", "fascism in France during the 3rd republic", "red-brownism", "Christofascism", "British fascism", "fascism in Europe", "Green-Fascism", "fascist state terrorism" ], "aliasCount": 53, "merged": 53, "knownIn": 189, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q6223", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6223", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:31:50Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q6223", "registryId": "vr.tr.fascism", "name": "fascism", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q6223/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.fascism", "name": "fascism", "purpose": "Let an agent describe fascism as a historical and political science subject with attributed scholarship, present its history and consequences accurately, handle contemporary applications of the label neutrally with attribution, and refuse to promote it.", "definition": "A far-right, authoritarian and ultranationalist political ideology and movement that arose in early twentieth century Europe, exemplified by Mussolini Italy and related regimes and movements such as Falangism and national syndicalism, characterised by dictatorial power, suppression of opposition, militarism, glorification of the nation and, in some forms, racism; fascism is studied in history and political science, its definition is debated among scholars, and the label is often contested when applied to contemporary movements.", "what_it_is_for": "Understanding a historical ideology and its legacies.", "affordances": [ "explain scholarly definitions and their debates", "describe historical fascist regimes and movements with sources", "attribute contemporary uses of the label", "find educational and memorial resources" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Ultranationalism and authoritarianism", "Historical origin in interwar Europe", "Debated definition", "Contested contemporary use" ], "appearance": "Not physical; ideologies, regimes and movements documented in history.", "visual_identification": [ "Authoritarian ultranationalist movements of the interwar era", "Related movements such as Falangism", "Authoritarianism in general is broader than fascism" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Italian Fascism", "related interwar movements such as Falangism and national syndicalism", "fascist and para-fascist regimes", "neo-fascism (as classified by scholars)", "scholarly theories of fascism" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "ultranationalism", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "totalitarianism", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "left-wing", "why": "political alignment" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "right-wing", "why": "political alignment" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Laws prohibiting fascist symbols and apologia in some countries", "Human rights law on incitement", "Education standards on Holocaust and fascism history" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Promoting or glorifying fascism", "Using the label as an unattributed accusation", "Minimising historical crimes" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Agent conduct.", "rationale": "No promotion.", "layers": [ { "id": "decline", "name": "Decline", "description": "Refusing promotion.", "findings": [ { "id": "decline-finding", "name": "Decline", "description": "Limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the request seek to promote, glorify or recruit for fascist ideology, or to incite hatred?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should the agent decline while supporting historical and educational understanding?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "victims", "name": "Victims", "description": "Respect for victims.", "findings": [ { "id": "victims-finding", "name": "Victims", "description": "Victims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the crimes and victims of fascist regimes acknowledged accurately?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Are minimising or denialist claims rejected with sources?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "define", "name": "Define", "description": "What fascism is.", "rationale": "Scholarly debate.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions", "name": "Definitions", "description": "Scholarly definitions.", "findings": [ { "id": "definitions-finding", "name": "Definitions", "description": "Definitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do historians and political scientists define fascism, and where do they disagree?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which features are considered core?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "variants", "name": "Variants", "description": "Related movements.", "findings": [ { "id": "variants-finding", "name": "Variants", "description": "Variants.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Falangism, national syndicalism and other related movements relate to fascism, according to scholars?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which labels do the movements use for themselves?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Regimes and consequences.", "rationale": "Sources matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "regimes", "name": "Regimes", "description": "Historical regimes.", "findings": [ { "id": "regimes-finding", "name": "Regimes", "description": "Regimes.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did this fascist regime rise, rule and fall, according to historians?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What were its policies and their consequences?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "memory", "name": "Memory", "description": "Remembrance and education.", "findings": [ { "id": "memory-finding", "name": "Memory", "description": "Memory.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which museums, memorials and educational resources address fascism and its victims?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is the history taught?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "today", "name": "Today", "description": "Contemporary use.", "rationale": "Attribution is essential.", "layers": [ { "id": "label", "name": "Label", "description": "Applying the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "label-finding", "name": "Label", "description": "Label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who describes this contemporary movement or figure as fascist, on what criteria, and who disputes it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the label presented with attribution rather than as fact?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal restrictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which countries prohibit fascist symbols or apologia, and how?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are such laws debated, with positions attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each movement be a separate entry?", "How should scholarly definitions be linked?", "How should registry aliases that are contested be handled?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a fascism, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe fascism as a historical and political science subject with attributed scholarship, present its history and consequences accurately, handle contemporary applications of the label neutrally with attribution, and refuse to promote it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Falangism, national syndicalism, Fascist mysticism, Falangism in Latin America, Fascist syndicalism, Positive Christianity, Brazilian integralism, occultism in Nazism, Nazism, Rexism, Nazism in Mexico, Nazism in Sweden.", "53 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 189 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a fascism, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Falangism", "national syndicalism", "Fascist mysticism", "Falangism in Latin America", "Fascist syndicalism", "Positive Christianity", "Brazilian integralism", "occultism in Nazism", "Nazism", "Rexism", "Nazism in Mexico", "Nazism in Sweden" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 189 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 53 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one fascism from another, and a fascism from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a fascism sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a fascism from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a fascism passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a fascism between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a fascism, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a fascism is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a fascism proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a fascism, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a fascism and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a fascism consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a fascism takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What fascism is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of fascism are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is fascism operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of fascism and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of fascism?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as fascism?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a fascism came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a fascism and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a fascism is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a fascism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a fascism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a fascism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }